Citation
Webpages
General rules
Punctuation
Referencing Process
eBooks
Vancouver Referencing Style
In-Text Citation
Placement
Citation Format
Step-by-Step
Standardizing Citations in Your Writing Through Vancouver Referencing
Vancouver (AMA) Referencing Style
Full content
Did you know that The Vancouver referencing style is a numbered citation system primarily used in the medical field.
10
02
01
In-Text Citation
The Referencing Process:
A numerical indicator that matches the cited source
A Step-by-Step Guide
+info
+info
04
03
General Rules
Reference List Format
Essential Guidelines for Using Vancouver Style
How to Write reference in Vancouver format
+info
+info
10
The Referencing Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Punctuation marks and spaces
Record the full bibliographic details.
Insert the citation at the appropriate place
Include a reference list
10
In-Text Citation : A numerical indicator that matches the cited source
Numbers That Tell the Story
+info
Formatting Multiple Citations
+info
Key guidelines to follow when writing in-text citations.
Brackets or Superscripts?
+info
10
How to Write reference in Vancouver format.
Punctuation
Placement
Resource
Ensure correct formatting by following the prescribed use of spacing and punctuation.
Begin by identifying the type of resource cited and documenting all available bibliographic details. Different resource require different format.
Ensure that each bibliographic detail is correctly positioned and formatted in accordance with the Vancouver (AMA) style guidelines for the specific resource type.
10
Citation formats vary depending on the type of resource. Here is an example:
Resource
eBook
Webpages
10
Year of Publication
Step 5
Step 3
Step 1
Family name followed by initials
#edition statement if later than 1st edition
Author (s)
Edition
Year
Fifth element
Third element
First element
Placement
Step 6
Step 4
Step 2
If a DOI is provided, place it at the end of the citation. If there is no DOI, include 'Accessed Month DD, YYYY.' followed by the URL.
Title of book
Title of Book : Subtitle
Publisher Name;
DOI/URL
Publication
Sixth elememt
Second element
Fourth elememt
10
Year of publication
Family name followed by initials
Step 5
Step 3
Step 1
#edition statement if later than 1st edition
Author (s)
Edition
Year
Fifth element
Third element
First element
Punctuation
Step 4
Step 2
Step 6
Publisher Name
If a DOI is provided, place it at the end of the citation. If there is no DOI, include 'Accessed Month DD, YYYY.' followed by the URL.
Second element
Fourth elememt
Sixth elememt
Title of book
Title of Book : Subtitle
Publication
DOI/URL
10
Author
Titles
Journal Abbreviations
Begin all major words in the book title and journal title abbreviations with capital letters and italicize the entire title.
Use official abbreviations for journal titles, typically from NLM
List up to six authors. If there are more than six, list the first six followed by et al.
Punctuation
URLs
Date Information
Use the most complete date available (Month DD, YYYY), omit unavailable update dates, and if no publication date exists, use "date unknown" in the reference.
Use a **short, direct link** to the exact item you're citing—not the homepage. **Avoid long URLs** with search terms, and **check the link works** before finishing your document.
Use proper punctuation: periods after initials, semicolons between publication elements, and colons before page numbers.
10
Record the full bibliographic details.
Write down all the source details and the exact pages where you found the information.
Punctuation marks and spaces
Accurate use of punctuation and spacing is essential in references. Follow the format exactly.
Insert the citation at the appropriate place
Insert the reference number at the relevant point in your document.
Include a reference list
List all in-text citations in a reference section at the conclusion of your work.
In-Text format
Citations appear as Arabic numbers in superscript with no brackets (e.g., ¹), and apply to text, tables, and figures.
Multiple Citations
When citing multiple sources together, use a hyphen for a continuous sequence (e.g., 2–5) and commas for non-sequential references (e.g., 1,3,6). Do not use a hyphen if there are no references in between (e.g., use 1,2 instead of 1–2).
One Number, One Source
Each source is assigned a number when first cited, which corresponds to its entry in the reference list. The same number is reused for any later citations of that source
One author eBook
Author AA. Book Title. Nth ed. (if later than 1st edition) Publisher; Year. DOI
Webpage
Author AA. Title of page. Title of Website. Month DD, YYYY. (date published if available) Updated Month DD, YYYY. (date updated if available) Accessed Month DD, YYYY. URL
Fadzil - Vancouver Referencing Style
IMU Library
Created on June 18, 2025
Start designing with a free template
Discover more than 1500 professional designs like these:
View
Practical Microsite
View
Essential Microsite
View
Akihabara Microsite
View
Essential CV
View
Akihabara Resume
View
Momentum: Manager Guide
View
Momentum: First Operational Steps
Explore all templates
Transcript
Citation
Webpages
General rules
Punctuation
Referencing Process
eBooks
Vancouver Referencing Style
In-Text Citation
Placement
Citation Format
Step-by-Step
Standardizing Citations in Your Writing Through Vancouver Referencing
Vancouver (AMA) Referencing Style
Full content
Did you know that The Vancouver referencing style is a numbered citation system primarily used in the medical field.
10
02
01
In-Text Citation
The Referencing Process:
A numerical indicator that matches the cited source
A Step-by-Step Guide
+info
+info
04
03
General Rules
Reference List Format
Essential Guidelines for Using Vancouver Style
How to Write reference in Vancouver format
+info
+info
10
The Referencing Process: A Step-by-Step Guide
Punctuation marks and spaces
Record the full bibliographic details.
Insert the citation at the appropriate place
Include a reference list
10
In-Text Citation : A numerical indicator that matches the cited source
Numbers That Tell the Story
+info
Formatting Multiple Citations
+info
Key guidelines to follow when writing in-text citations.
Brackets or Superscripts?
+info
10
How to Write reference in Vancouver format.
Punctuation
Placement
Resource
Ensure correct formatting by following the prescribed use of spacing and punctuation.
Begin by identifying the type of resource cited and documenting all available bibliographic details. Different resource require different format.
Ensure that each bibliographic detail is correctly positioned and formatted in accordance with the Vancouver (AMA) style guidelines for the specific resource type.
10
Citation formats vary depending on the type of resource. Here is an example:
Resource
eBook
Webpages
10
Year of Publication
Step 5
Step 3
Step 1
Family name followed by initials
#edition statement if later than 1st edition
Author (s)
Edition
Year
Fifth element
Third element
First element
Placement
Step 6
Step 4
Step 2
If a DOI is provided, place it at the end of the citation. If there is no DOI, include 'Accessed Month DD, YYYY.' followed by the URL.
Title of book
Title of Book : Subtitle
Publisher Name;
DOI/URL
Publication
Sixth elememt
Second element
Fourth elememt
10
Year of publication
Family name followed by initials
Step 5
Step 3
Step 1
#edition statement if later than 1st edition
Author (s)
Edition
Year
Fifth element
Third element
First element
Punctuation
Step 4
Step 2
Step 6
Publisher Name
If a DOI is provided, place it at the end of the citation. If there is no DOI, include 'Accessed Month DD, YYYY.' followed by the URL.
Second element
Fourth elememt
Sixth elememt
Title of book
Title of Book : Subtitle
Publication
DOI/URL
10
Author
Titles
Journal Abbreviations
Begin all major words in the book title and journal title abbreviations with capital letters and italicize the entire title.
Use official abbreviations for journal titles, typically from NLM
List up to six authors. If there are more than six, list the first six followed by et al.
Punctuation
URLs
Date Information
Use the most complete date available (Month DD, YYYY), omit unavailable update dates, and if no publication date exists, use "date unknown" in the reference.
Use a **short, direct link** to the exact item you're citing—not the homepage. **Avoid long URLs** with search terms, and **check the link works** before finishing your document.
Use proper punctuation: periods after initials, semicolons between publication elements, and colons before page numbers.
10
Record the full bibliographic details.
Write down all the source details and the exact pages where you found the information.
Punctuation marks and spaces
Accurate use of punctuation and spacing is essential in references. Follow the format exactly.
Insert the citation at the appropriate place
Insert the reference number at the relevant point in your document.
Include a reference list
List all in-text citations in a reference section at the conclusion of your work.
In-Text format
Citations appear as Arabic numbers in superscript with no brackets (e.g., ¹), and apply to text, tables, and figures.
Multiple Citations
When citing multiple sources together, use a hyphen for a continuous sequence (e.g., 2–5) and commas for non-sequential references (e.g., 1,3,6). Do not use a hyphen if there are no references in between (e.g., use 1,2 instead of 1–2).
One Number, One Source
Each source is assigned a number when first cited, which corresponds to its entry in the reference list. The same number is reused for any later citations of that source
One author eBook
Author AA. Book Title. Nth ed. (if later than 1st edition) Publisher; Year. DOI
Webpage
Author AA. Title of page. Title of Website. Month DD, YYYY. (date published if available) Updated Month DD, YYYY. (date updated if available) Accessed Month DD, YYYY. URL