How Different DMTs Work in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Believed mechanism of action
Disease-modifying treatments
Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)
Alemtuzumab lowers the number of circulating B cells and T cells.
Cladribine (Mavenclad)a
Cladribine reduces the number of white blood cells, especially B cells.
Fingolimod (Gilenya)b Siponimod (Mayzent) Ponesimod (Ponvory) Ozanimod (Zeposia)
These drugs keep white blood cells from leaving the lymph nodes, which lowers the number that reach the central nervous system.
Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone)
Glatiramer acetate activates helper T cells (boost immune response) and regulatory T cells (calm it). It supports the growth of neurons (brain cells) and may target immune cells involved in autoimmune attacks.
Interferon beta-1a (Avonex)Interferon beta-1a (Rebif) Peginterferon beta-1a (Plegridy)
Beta-interferons lower the number of T cells and how active they are. They boost regulatory T cells and help remove T cells that cause autoimmune attacks. They also help keep white blood cells from crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron)Interferon beta-1b (Extavia)
These work similarly to interferon beta-1a, above.
Monomethyl fumarate (Bafiertam)c Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) Diroximel fumarate (Vumerity)
These reduce the inflammation involved in MS.
Natalizumab (Tysabri)
Natalizumab blocks white blood cells from entering inflamed tissues.
Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) Ocrelizumab and hyaluronidase-ocsq (Ocrevus Zunovo)d Ofatumumab (Kesimpta)
These drugs encourage the destruction of B cells involved in MS attacks.
Teriflunomide (Aubagio)
Teriflunomide reduces the number of activated white blood cells in the central nervous system.
Ublituximab (Briumvi)
This is a monoclonal antibody — a lab-made protein that targets specific cells — designed to bind B cells (a type of white blood cell) and lower their numbers.
Based on information sourced from “CMSC Practical Guidelines for the Selection of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis”aBased on information sourced from “The Story of Cladribine Reaches Its Climax” provided by Nature bBased on information sourced from “Vumerity Oral Capsules Approved by the FDA for Adults With Relapsing Forms of MS, Including Active SPMS” provided by the Multiple Sclerosis Association of America cBased on information sourced from Bafiertam dBased on information sourced from “FDA Approves Ocrevus Zunovo (Ocrelizumab & Hyaluronidase-Ocsq), Similar to Ocrevus” provided by National Multiple Sclerosis Society
CS_EMD Serono_Treatments for Relapsing MS 2
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Transcript
How Different DMTs Work in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Believed mechanism of action
Disease-modifying treatments
Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada)
Alemtuzumab lowers the number of circulating B cells and T cells.
Cladribine (Mavenclad)a
Cladribine reduces the number of white blood cells, especially B cells.
Fingolimod (Gilenya)b Siponimod (Mayzent) Ponesimod (Ponvory) Ozanimod (Zeposia)
These drugs keep white blood cells from leaving the lymph nodes, which lowers the number that reach the central nervous system.
Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone)
Glatiramer acetate activates helper T cells (boost immune response) and regulatory T cells (calm it). It supports the growth of neurons (brain cells) and may target immune cells involved in autoimmune attacks.
Interferon beta-1a (Avonex)Interferon beta-1a (Rebif) Peginterferon beta-1a (Plegridy)
Beta-interferons lower the number of T cells and how active they are. They boost regulatory T cells and help remove T cells that cause autoimmune attacks. They also help keep white blood cells from crossing the blood-brain barrier.
Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron)Interferon beta-1b (Extavia)
These work similarly to interferon beta-1a, above.
Monomethyl fumarate (Bafiertam)c Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) Diroximel fumarate (Vumerity)
These reduce the inflammation involved in MS.
Natalizumab (Tysabri)
Natalizumab blocks white blood cells from entering inflamed tissues.
Ocrelizumab (Ocrevus) Ocrelizumab and hyaluronidase-ocsq (Ocrevus Zunovo)d Ofatumumab (Kesimpta)
These drugs encourage the destruction of B cells involved in MS attacks.
Teriflunomide (Aubagio)
Teriflunomide reduces the number of activated white blood cells in the central nervous system.
Ublituximab (Briumvi)
This is a monoclonal antibody — a lab-made protein that targets specific cells — designed to bind B cells (a type of white blood cell) and lower their numbers.
Based on information sourced from “CMSC Practical Guidelines for the Selection of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis”aBased on information sourced from “The Story of Cladribine Reaches Its Climax” provided by Nature bBased on information sourced from “Vumerity Oral Capsules Approved by the FDA for Adults With Relapsing Forms of MS, Including Active SPMS” provided by the Multiple Sclerosis Association of America cBased on information sourced from Bafiertam dBased on information sourced from “FDA Approves Ocrevus Zunovo (Ocrelizumab & Hyaluronidase-Ocsq), Similar to Ocrevus” provided by National Multiple Sclerosis Society