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European Citizenship

in a multipolar world

SUMMARY

European citizenship is a legal status that allows individuals from European Union (EU) member states to enjoy certain rights and privileges across the EU. Here’s a detailed overview of its specifics, including the legal texts, advantages, and disadvantages.

1. Legal Texts about European Citizenship

Treaty on European Union (TEU)

Article 9 establishes the concept of European citizenship, asserting that "every citizen of the Union shall be a citizen of a Member State." This treaty emphasizes the connection between national citizenship and European citizenship.

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

This treaty provides details on the rights of EU citizens, particularly in Articles 20 to 25, which outline the specifics of EU citizenship, including the rights of free movement, non-discrimination, and participation in EU democratic processes.

Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union

This charter consolidates various human rights and freedoms applicable to EU citizens, enhancing the legal framework surrounding European citizenship.

Secondary Legislation

In addition to the treaties, various EU regulations and directives complement the legal framework surrounding European citizenship, addressing issues such as residency rights, social security coordination, and the right to vote in local and European elections.

2. Advantages of European Citizenship

Freedom of Movement

EU citizens have the right to move, reside, and work freely within all EU member states, enhancing personal and professional opportunities.

Political Rights

EU citizens can participate in European Parliament elections and local elections in their member state of residence. They also have the right to petition the European Parliament and engage in initiatives.

Consular Protection

If an EU citizen finds themselves in a third country where their home country does not have diplomatic representation, they can seek assistance from the embassy or consulate of any other EU member state.

Non-Discrimination

EU citizenship promotes equal treatment and non-discrimination in various aspects, such as employment, social security, and access to public services among member states.

Access to Services

EU citizens enjoy access to certain public services and social benefits in any member state, subject to local laws and regulations.

3. Disadvantages of European Citizenship

Complexity of Rights

The rights conferred by European citizenship can sometimes be complex and vary according to national laws and regulations, leading to confusion for citizens about their entitlements.

Residency Requirements

While there are rights to free movement and residence, the practicality of these rights can be limited by residency requirements, local language barriers, and varying levels of support services available in different member states.

Bureaucratic Challenges

Navigating the bureaucracy of different member states can be challenging for EU citizens wishing to exercise their rights, especially concerning residency permits, work authorization, and the recognition of professional qualifications.

Strain on Resources

In some member states, an influx of EU citizens can place pressure on local resources, such as housing, healthcare, and employment opportunities, potentially leading to local resentment.

Political Developments

Political changes within the EU or any member state can affect the rights and status of EU citizens. For example, the United Kingdom's departure from the EU (Brexit) led to significant changes in the rights of British citizens in EU countries and vice versa.

CONCLUSIONS

European citizenship represents a significant legal framework designed to enhance the rights of individuals within the EU, providing numerous advantages related to movement, political participation, and protection. However, complexities, legal nuances, and political dynamics may lead to challenges that EU citizens must navigate as they take advantage of their rights across member states.

The content of this presentation has been created with the assistance of Open AI 4.0 - Marco Bertolini.

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