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Zero - Emission Mobility in Coastal Cities

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REAL RIS Course

Zero - Emission Mobility in Coastal Cities

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Course Introduction

This course is part of the project, which aims to boost urban mobility innovation in RIS countries by educating, connecting, and actively engaging all sides of the Knowledge Triangle—including cities themselves. Designed for graduate students and young professionals, the course offers a concise, two-hour introduction to the latest trends and solutions in sustainable mobility. By the end of the course, participants will be able to analyze sustainable urban mobility challenges in European coastal cities and design innovative solutions that integrate environmental resilience with practical implementation strategies. Upon successful completion, participants will receive a certificate of completion jointly awarded by the Consortium partners and EIT Urban Mobility.

RESILIENT EDUCATED AGILE LEADING

REAL RIS

REGIONAL INNOVATION SHEME

Course Introduction

Organisations behind the REAL RIS project and this course

REGEA is founded by four regional governments in Croatia, under the framework of the Intelligent Energy Europe programme. Its objectives are to promote, encourage and support the regional sustainable development in the fields of energy, mobility, climate and environmental protection. The Agency participates in numerous projects, while also contributing to sustainable development of its founders.

ODRAZ is an independent NGO in Croatia that brings together professionals from various fields to design and apply sustainable development concepts for the benefit of local communities. Its areas of expertise include implementing non-formal education programs that support sustainable development, organizing thematic workshops, providing consultations, and facilitating expert discussions.

Founded in 2019 as an initiative of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), a body of the European Union, EIT Urban Mobility is committed to accelerating the transition to sustainable mobility. The organisation accelerates the sustainable urban mobility transition by providing established businesses, startups, universities, research institutes and the public sector with access to markets, talent, funding and knowledge. REAL RIS project is funded by EIT Urban Mobility.

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Course Introduction

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we want to introduce you to some interactive elements you will use on this journey! At the top left of your screen, you can find three buttons:The home button takes you to Course Structure. The back arrow takes you to the page you were previously on.The forward arrow takes you to the next page.

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You can also expect to find different interactive elements. Clicking or hovering over them will reveal additional information.

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Course Structure

Unit 2/ Development Trends and Green Objectives

Unit 1/ Urban Mobility in Europe

Unit 4/ Integrating Innovative Solutions

Unit 3/ Innovation Shaping Mobility

Competency Assessment

Ageing Populations and Shifting Demographics

Europe is experiencing a significant demographic shift as its population ages, with the proportion of people aged 65 and over reaching 20.6% in 2020. Projections indicate that by 2060, more than 30% of the European population will be over 65, with 12% aged 80 or above. This trend is driven by longer life expectancy which also brings challenges such as a higher prevalence of physical and cognitive limitations among older adults. As a result, there is growing demand for mobility solutions tailored to seniors’ diverse needs, ranging from physically active older people to those who are frail or have limited mobility.

Mobility barriers for seniors include difficulties with public transport access (such as high steps or jerky rides), lack of adequate infrastructure, and the need for supportive services to maintain independence and quality of life.

+ Best practice

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Shrinking Cities

In shrinking cities, younger and more mobile residents are often the first to leave, accelerating the ageing of the remaining population and increasing the proportion of residents with mobility limitations.

Urban shrinkage, characterized by sustained population decline and economic contraction, affects 40% of European cities with over 200,000 inhabitants, with projections indicating this trend will intensify by 2050. Shrinking cities face distinctive mobility challenges. As populations decline and age, cities are left with oversized, underutilized infrastructure—such as public transport networks and social facilities—originally designed for much larger populations. This underutilization leads not only to technical and maintenance problems but also to budgetary strains.

This demographic shift makes it difficult to repurpose or retrofit old infrastructure efficiently, as the scale of adaptation required is costly and the future demand for different types of mobility services is uncertain.

+ Best practice

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Unsustainable Urban Expansion

Spatial planning directly shapes cities’ capacity to achieve sustainable mobility by influencing travel distances, mode choices, and infrastructure efficiency. Compact, mixed-use urban forms with integrated public transit networks reduce average trip lengths by 40%. Conversely, car-centric layouts generate 4x higher vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per capita than transit-oriented cities. Car-centric layouts also dedicate up to 15% of land to parking infrastructure, fragmenting public spaces and leaving less room for people.

+ Best practice

The cost of inaction remains stark: UN-Habitat projects that car-dependent cities will require 78% more energy per capita by 2050 compared to transit-oriented peers.

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Increasing Motorization Rates in Europe

Italy leads the European Union with 684 passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants, closely followed by Luxembourg (678), Finland (661), and Cyprus (658).

In 2022, the average number of passenger cars reached 560 per 1,000 inhabitants in the European Union, marking a significant increase of 14.3% over the past decade from 490 cars per 1,000 inhabitants in 2012. The most dramatic growth in motorization has occurred in Central and Eastern European countries. Romania stands out with an extraordinary 86.2% increase in passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants between 2012 and 2022, followed by Croatia (+44.8%).

At the lower end of the spectrum, Latvia reported just 414 cars per 1,000 inhabitants, followed by Romania (417) and Hungary (424).

+ Is there hope?

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

The Decline of Urban Spaces

Parking lots and on-street parking reduce the availability of public space for human-centric activities.

The quality of urban public spaces has deteriorated significantly in many cities worldwide, with profound implications for social cohesion, environmental sustainability, and equitable mobility. Historically, streets and squares served as multifunctional spaces for commerce, social interaction, and cultural exchange. However, the rise of modernist urban planning in the mid-20th century redefined public spaces as mono-functional conduits for vehicular traffic and parking.

This spatial dominance discourages walking and cycling, as streets become hostile to non-motorized users.

Ensuring accessible public spaces and mobility systems is essential for people with disabilities, as it enables their independence, social inclusion, and equal participation in urban life.

+ Accessibility

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Urban Traffic Unsafety

Cities face systemic challenges in reducing fatalities and injuries and protecting vulnerable road users. In 2020, 40% of all road fatalities in the EU occurred on roads inside urban areas, and vulnerable users—pedestrians, cyclists, and powered two-wheelers—made up 70% of these deaths. Pedestrian deaths remain high due to insufficient sidewalks and mixed traffic zones, with older adults at increased risk.

The mortality rate on urban roads is highest in Eastern European countries, with Romania standing out, while Sweden has the lowest rate. Although there was a 32% decrease in urban road fatalities between 2011 and 2020, the decline has been uneven, with countries like France, Romania, Spain, and Netherlands showing less progress.

How can we reduce road fatalities?

To meet the target of halving road deaths by 2030, cities must:

Prioritize segregated infrastructure for vulnerable users (primarily pedestrians).
Enforce 30 km/h speed limits in mixed-traffic zones.
Adopt data-driven tools for targeted interventions.
Increase enforcement and compliance with road safety laws.

Best practice

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Climate Change and a Rising Need for Resilience

Urban resilience hinges on balancing impermeable surfaces (e.g., asphalt roads, parking lots) with green infrastructure. Asphalt covers 30–40% of European cities, contributing to 5–10°C higher temperatures in urban cores compared to rural areas. On the other hand, green spaces act as natural climate regulators, mitigating heat and preventing floods.

Floods

Heat islands

As climate extremes intensify, resilience requires systemic shifts, not just reactive fixes. This is the only way to ensure long-term stability of mobility infrastructure. Cities must prioritize green-blue networks over asphalt expansion. Integration of nature into mobility planning is non-negotiable.

+ Best practice

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Greenhouse Gasses (GHG)

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions represent the most significant driver of human-caused climate change, accounting for approximately 76% of global greenhouse gas emissions. The transport sector accounts for 24% of global energy-related CO₂ emissions, with road vehicles responsible for 75% of this total.

Transport Poverty Dimensions

The Social Climate Fund Regulation (2023) provides a definition of transport poverty: “Transport poverty means individuals’ and households’ inability or difficulty to meet the costs of private or public transport, or their lack of or limited access to transport needed for their access to essential socioeconomic services and activities, considering the national and spatial context.” It is important to recognize that transport poverty manifests across three key dimensions: availability, accessibility, and affordability.

Additionally, transport poverty intersects with socio-economic and spatial dimensions in complex ways, creating layered barriers to mobility.

Socio-economic dimensions include: income, gender, age, employment, housing, ethnicity, disability / health, and migration.

Spatial dimensions include: rural, peri-urban, suburban, urban, local, regional, national, and cross-border.

Accessibility

Affordability

Availability

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Specific Challenges of Coastal Cities

The last part of Unit 1 will introduce you to coastal cities and their distinct characteristics. Coastal cities stand out for their unique blend of opportunities and challenges, shaped by their geography, history, and economic role. While many of the previous trends are common to cities everywhere, certain aspects are especially pronounced or take on distinct forms in coastal contexts. For instance, coastal cities often experience intense seasonal traffic, driven by tourism and port activities. Their historic cores and limited space leave little room for urban expansion, while the need to preserve cultural heritage restricts options for modernizing infrastructure.

At the same time, climate change and the need for resilience are especially urgent for coastal cities, which face direct threats from sea level rise and extreme weather events.

Let's go!

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Urban Layout-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

Key Challenges

Coastal cities, particularly in the Mediterranean, face unique urban layout challenges shaped by geography, history, and infrastructure. The historic cores of many coastal cities are characterized by tightly packed urban structures, narrow streets, and significant architectural and cultural heritage. These features, while attractive to tourists, present substantial limitations for modern development and mobility.

Historic Core: The need to protect cultural heritage restricts the ability to modify or expand infrastructure, making it difficult to accommodate increased traffic or new mobility solutions. Infrastructural Limitations: Narrow streets and dense urban patterns are ill-suited to mass car usage and modern logistics. The lack of available space hinders the introduction of new transport modes or parking facilities. Limited Spatial Development: Natural barriers (mountains, major roads, sea) confine urban growth, leading to congestion and overuse of the existing built environment, particularly in the summer months.

+ Best practice

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Economic Activity-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

Key Challenges:

Parking shortages

Traffic congestion

Emissions

Public transport saturation

Economic activity in coastal cities is driven by tourism and port operations. However, seasonal overtourism is placing intense pressure on local infrastructure and services. Seasonal overtourism causes transport congestion and raises demand for accommodation, utilities, and waste management, impacting residents’ quality of life and infrastructure resilience. Ports, vital to coastal economies, see increased activity during tourist season, requiring more logistics support and adding to congestion.

Venice, Italy is introducing a €5 entry fee for day visitors during peak periods to manage visitor flows and balance the needs of residents and tourists.

Best practice

Pordenone, Italy offers free bike hire and has increased its cycle path network, making the city more accessible and eco-friendly.

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Climate-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

This growing threat creates an urgent need for resilience in coastal cities, which related to the capacity of individuals, communities, and urban systems to anticipate, cope with, and adapt to the impacts of sea level rise and associated flooding. The capacity to adapt is shaped by access to resources, social networks, and governance, making resilience a multidimensional challenge.

Sea level rise is one of the most pressing climate-related challenges for coastal cities. As global temperatures increase, melting ice caps and the thermal expansion of seawater are causing sea levels to rise. This puts coastal cities at heightened risk of flooding and other climate impacts.

Need for resilience

Key mechanisms for building resilience include:

adopting elevated infrastructure to reduce flood risk,
combining natural buffers with deployable barriers,
expanding sustainable transport and soft mobility options and building parallel transit routes,
deploying early warning and monitoring systems.

You're all set for Unit 2!

Let's go!

Introduction to Unit 2

UNIT 2 Development Trends and Green Objectives

Welcome to the second unit! In this unit, you will examine how Europe is reshaping urban mobility in response to urgent climate challenges and evolving societal needs. We will introduce you to EU's “Fit for 55” package, which aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and achieve climate neutrality by 2050. You will also learn about the action pillars of transport decarbonisation and the crucial role of SUMPs in shaping greener, more efficient cities.

Unit 2: Development Trends and Green Objectives

Transport and Green Deal

The European Commission has made a series of proposals to reduce net greenhouse has emmissions by at least 55% compared to 1990 levels by 2030 through climate, energy, transport and tax policies. These measures, titled Fit for 55, are part of the union's Green Deal strategy. The strategy has defined clear goals to be reached by 2030 and 2050 respectively.

Today, emissions from traffic make up about 25% of total greenhouse gas emissions in the EU, and these emissions have increased in recent years. A clear path is needed to reduce transport-related greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2050.

2030 objectives

2050 objectives

Action Pillars of Transport Decarbonisation

The Action Pillars of Transport Decarbonisation are rooted in the EU’s Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy, which defines three core mechanisms to drive the sector’s transition to climate neutrality:

SUSTAINABILITY OF ALL TRANSPORT MODES

INCENTIVES TO ZERO-EMISSION MOBILITY

AVAILABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVES

Multimodality

Carbon pricing and better incentives for users

Introduction of wehicles with low and zero emission and renewable and low-carbon fuels

Charging for the use of infrastructure

Support to research and innovation development

Framework for measuring greenhouse gas emissions

Supply of sustainable mobility models for everyday travel

Infrastructure

Digital solutions

Increasing demand(final users)

Innovative mobility services

Support to research and innovation development

Unit 2: Development Trends and Green Objectives

Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP)

A sustainable urban mobility plan (SUMP) is a strategic plan designed to satisfy the mobility needs of people and businesses in cities and their surroundings for a better quality of life. It builds on existing planning practices and takes due consideration of integration, participation, and evaluation principles.

Why adopt a SUMP?

Adopting a SUMP helps cities:

Attract investment and EU funding,
Foster a culture of sustainable mobility,
Move towards cleaner, safer and more efficient transport systems,
Enhance the liveability and economic vitality of urban areas.

UNIT 3 Innovation Shaping Mobility

Welcome to Unit 3! In this unit, you will explore how innovation is shaping mobility and transport across Europe, with a focus on creating more sustainable, inclusive, and liveable cities. This transformation is essential for tackling challenges like congestion, pollution, and equitable access. You will also learn about the SWOT analysis framework–a practical tool for evaluating the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of new ideas and solutions. Finally, you will put your knowledge into practice with an interactive SWOT activity.

Unit 3: Innovation Shaping Mobility

Innovation Re-Shaping Urban Mobility

Transforming urban mobility is essential for the European Union to achieve its Green Deal objectives and address the pressing challenges cities face with sustainable and inclusive solutions. Urban mobility accounts for a significant share of greenhouse gas emissions in Europe, making its decarbonization a key step toward climate neutrality and healthier urban environments.

To accelerate the transition to sustainable mobility and create more liveable urban spaces, collaboration between munucipalities, regions, industry, start-ups, universities, and citizens is crucial.

What are key innovation areas driving local transformation?

Strengthening intermodal mobility: connecting people to jobs, education and leisure by expanding equitable access to mobility.
Expanding clean and efficient city logistics: improving goods delivery through solutions like shared micro depots.
Enhancing health and wellbeing: engaging citizens in local placemaking and urban design experiments.

Innovation areas

Unit 3: Innovation Shaping Mobility

Knowledge Gaps in EU Innovation Potential

Urban mobility systems in Europe are currently undergoing a complex transformation process, as we are amid an energy, digital and social transion. While already lagging behind in the general quality of urban mobility systems, some EU countries (the so called RIS countries) are also modest or moderate in generating and applying innovative solutions. Education programmes in many RIS universies are obsolete and lack courses that equip students with knowledge on entrepreneurship and innovation generation. Consequently, the Green Transion cannot follow the same pace in all parts of the EU, and has to bridge the gaps related to capacity, capabilities and collaboration of the local stakeholders.

How can we narrow the innovation gap by improving the higher education system?

Collaboration with the industry

Building an innovation culture

More interdisciplinarity

New teaching methods

Unit 3: Innovation Shaping Mobility

SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is a tool used to identify and evaluate the internal and external factors that can impact a system, organization, project, or initiative.

SWOT can be used as a tool for gap analysis in systems like local transport to identify where innovation might be needed.

Weaknesses

Strengths

Opportunities

Threats

(Internal)

(External)

Internal attributes and resources that support a desired outcome.

Internal factors and resources that make desired outcome more difficult to attain.

Elements in the environment that the business or project could exploit to its advantage.

Elements in the environment that could cause difficulties for a system, business or project.

INTRODUCTION HERE

An awesome title

Sections like this help you create order

Unit 3: Innovation Shaping Mobility

Strengths

Weaknesses

SWOT Exercise: Analysing the Public Transport System

Using SWOT as a tool tool for gap analysis in systems like local transport system can help identify where innovation might be needed. Imagine you are assessing sustainability and attractiveness of the local public transport, while thinking how to improve it. Below, you’ll find a set of short terms related to this topic. Drag and drop each term into the correct quadrant of the SWOT analysis. There are three terms for each category.

Check

Threats

Election is scheduled for next year

Population of the city is decreasing

Fuel prices are increasing

Opportunities

Lack of drivers in the labour market

EU funding is available for public transport

PT operator hired new experienced CEO

No zero-emission buses in the fleet

High maintenance costs

There is know-how on project preparation

Passenger information system is obsolete

High level of safety in the city

Ticketing system is easy to use

Check

Unit 3: Innovation Shaping Mobility

EU Innovation Landscape

Innovation in urban mobility involves developing and implementing new technologies, strategies, and services to improve how people move within cities, aiming to reduce congestion, improve efficiency, and enhance sustainability.

Key areas of innovation in urban mobility

New Business Models

Shared Mobility Services

Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)

Zero-Emission Technologies

Micromobility

Data-Driven Decision Making

Intellligent Transport Systems

Autonomous and Connected Mobility

Unit 3: Innovation Shaping Mobility

EIT Urban Mobility Marketplace

EIT Urban Mobility Marketplace is a digital platform providing information on:

market-ready mobility solutions across diverse needs and areas,
innovation proven to positively impact global smart cities,
success stories and case studies from leading cities,
simple, effective lessons for implementing positive changes in urban mobility,
piloting and implementation opportunities for mobility innovators,
funded calls and open tenders targeting crucial mobility challenges in smart cities.

Unit 3: Innovation Shaping Mobility

Quiz finished!

You're all set for Unit 4!

Let's go!

Introduction to Unit 4

UNIT 4 Integrating Innovative Solutions

Welcome to Unit 4! This unit takes you from assessing the impact of bold new ideas, to testing them in the real world, and overcoming the challenges of integration. You’ll explore three practical tools that help teams think outside the box, analyze their environment, and better understand user needs. By the end of this unit, you’ll be equipped with new strategies to approach innovation and turn ideas into actionable solutions!

Unit 4: Integrating Innovative Solutions

Assessing Innovative Solutions and Their Impact

Before an innovative solution can improve local mobility, we need to be sure it delivers real value.

Assessment of your solution helps you to:

Validate benefits

Identify risks

Integrate

Improve design

Build trust

Prove that your solution actually solves the problem.

Spot potential downsides or unintended consequences early.

Use feedback to refine and optimize your idea.

Provide evidence to stakeholders, funders, and decision-makers.

Understand how your solution fits into existing systems.

Unit 4: Integrating Innovative Solutions

ASSESSMENT TOOL 1: PESTEL

Understanding how your innovative solution fits into the broader context.

A PESTEL analysis is a strategic tool used to examine the external macro-environmental factors that can impact an organization, industry, solution or project. PESTEL helps you take the real world into consideration.

Political

Social

Economic

Law

Environmental

Technological

Government policies, regulations, and political stability affecting business operations.

Demographics, cultural norms, and lifestyle changes influencing consumer behavior.

Technology advances, innovation trends, and digital disruptions creating opportunities or threats.

Economic growth, inflation, interest rates, and market conditions impacting performance.

Climate change, sustainability concerns, and environmental regulations affecting operations.

Laws, regulations, and compliance requirements governing business activities.

Unit 4: Integrating Innovative Solutions

ASSESSMENT TOOL 2: EMPHATY MAP

Improving the design of your solution by putting yourself in the final user's shoes.

Empathy maps are designed to provide deeper insights into how users feel about and interact with your products or services. An empathy map helps solution developers (regardless of the solution type) to understand user needs by visualizing their thoughts, feelings, actions, and surroundings.

what THEY THINK AND FEEL

what THEY SEE

what THEY HEAR

Map

Empathy

A TARGETED USER OF YOUR PRODUCT / SERVICE

what THEY SAY AND DO

PAINS

GaINS

Unit 4: Integrating Innovative Solutions

ASSESSMENT TOOL 3: SCAMPER

Improving the design of your solution or generating new ideas by exploring different perspectives.

SCAMPER is a creative thinking tool used to generate new ideas or improve existing products, services, or processes. SCAMPER guides you through a series of prompts about your solution that encourage you to look at your product or service from different angles.

Put to other use

Eliminate

Combine

Substitute

Reverse

Adapt

Modify

How could existing features be changed to improve performance or reduce impact?

Can different systems or technologies be merged to create better results?

What steps or elements could be removed to simplify the process?

What components or practices could be replaced with greener or more efficient options?

How might changing the order or direction of processes lead to better outcomes?

Are there ideas from other industries or cities that could be applied here?

Is there a way to use current resources or infrastructure differently to solve new problems?

Unit 4: Integrating Innovative Solutions

Testing and Piloting Innovative Solutions

Scope and scale

TEST BEDS

Smaller, controlled environments.

Industry and academic partners for precise testing.

Provide necessary permissions, regulatory oversight, and sometimes funding.

Ensure smooth transition to real- world applications.

PILOT TERRITORIES

Intermediate in scale, larger than test-beds more focused than Living Labs.

Local communities and municipal authorities.

Facilitate transition from pilot to wider implementation.

Select testing areas, provide infrastructure, funding, and monitor impacts.

LIVING LABS

Encompass entire urban areas or multiple districts.

Government, industry, academia, citizens.

Provide access to public spaces, data, resources, and facilitate user engagement.

Align projects with local needs and priorities.

Impact

Role of municipalities

Stakeholder engagement

Before new technologies or services can be widely implemented, they must first prove their effectiveness, safety, and acceptance. To achieve this, innovators and policymakers use different types of experimental environments where innovations can be developed, tested, and refined in controlled or real-world conditions. Three key types of experimental spaces are widely used: Testbeds, Living Labs and Pilot Territories.

Unit 4: Integrating Innovative Solutions

Integration Challenges

Integrating innovative transportation solutions into existing systems presents challenges for both the innovators and the organizations seeking change, such as companies, cities or regions. These challenges can be grouped into four distinct categories:

Technical Challenges

Organisational Challenges

Policy challenges

For additional information, please consult the following list of recommended sources:

European Commission. (2019). The European Green Deal. https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en
European Commission. (2020). Sustainable and smart mobility strategy. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-themes/mobility-strategy_en
European Commission. (2024). EU Mission: Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities. Research and Innovation. https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe/eu-missions-horizon-europe/climate-neutral-and-smart-cities_en
Eurostat. (2024, December). Passenger cars in the EU. Statistics Explained. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Passenger_cars_in_the_EU
Martello, M. V., & Whittle, A. J. (2023). Climate-resilient transportation infrastructure in coastal cities. In F. Pacheco-Torgal & C.-G. Granqvist (Eds.), Adapting the built environment for climate change (pp. 73–108). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95336-8.00007-X
Tsavachidis, M., & Le Petit, Y. (2022). Re-shaping urban mobility – Key to Europe's green transition. Journal of Urban Mobility, 2, 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100014
UN-Habitat. (2024). Cities and climate action: World Cities Report 2024. https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2024/11/wcr2024_-_full_report.pdf
United Nations Environment Programme. (n.d.). Sustainable transport and air pollution. https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/resource-efficiency/what-we-do/cities/sustainable-transport-and-air-pollution

Course completed!

Economic Activity-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

Key Challenges:

Parking shortages

Traffic congestion

Emissions

Public transport saturation

Economic activity in coastal cities is driven by tourism and port operations. However, seasonal overtourism is placing intense pressure on local infrastructure and services. Tourist influx causes transport congestion and raises demand for accommodation, utilities, and waste management, impacting residents’ quality of life and infrastructure resilience. Ports, vital to coastal economies, see increased activity during tourist season, requiring more logistics support and adding to congestion.

Venice, Italy is introducing a €5 entry fee for day visitors during peak periods to manage visitor flows and balance the needs of residents and tourists.

Best practice

Knowledge Gaps in EU Innovation Potential

How can we narrow the innovation gap by improving the higher education system?

Collaboration with the industry

Building an innovation culture

More interdisciplinarity

New teaching methods

Sources

Anastasiadou, K., & Kehagia, F. (2025). Road Safety Improvement and Sustainable Urban Mobility: Identification and Prioritization of Factors and Policies Through a Multi-Criteria Approach. Urban Science, 9(4), 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9040093
Engels, D., Akkermans, L., Vansevenant, P., Adminaite-Fodor, D., & Santacreu, A. (2019). Topic guide: Urban road safety and active travel in sustainable urban mobility planning. CIVITAS SATELLITE, European Commission Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport. https://www.mobiliseyourcity.net/sites/default/files/2024-05/urban_road_safety_and_active_travel_in_sumps.pdf
Eurocities. (2024, May 7). Unbreakable: The link between road safety and sustainable mobility. https://eurocities.eu/latest/unbreakable-the-link-between-road-safety-and-sustainable-mobility/
European Commission. (2022). Facts and figures: Urban areas. European Road Safety Observatory. Brussels, European Commission, Directorate General for Transport. https://road-safety.transport.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2022-07/ff_roads_inside_urban_areas_20220707.pdf
International Transport Forum. (2022). Monitoring progress in urban road safety: 2022 update. OECD Publishing. https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/monitoring-progress-urban-road-safety-2022.pdf

EIT Urban Mobility Marketplace

EIT Urban Mobility Marketplace is a digital platform providing information on:

market-ready mobility solutions across diverse needs and areas,
innovation proven to positively impact global smart cities,
success stories and case studies from leading cities,
simple, effective lessons for implementing positive changes in urban mobility,
piloting and implementation opportunities for mobility innovators,
funded calls and open tenders targeting crucial mobility challenges in smart cities.

Innovation Re-Shaping Urban Mobility

To accelerate the transition to sustainable mobility and create more liveable urban spaces, collaboration between munucipalities, regions, industry, start-ups, universities, and citizens is crucial.

What are key innovation areas driving local transformation?

Strengthening intermodal mobility: connecting people to jobs, education and leisure by expanding equitable access to mobility.
Expanding clean and efficient city logistics: improving goods delivery through solutions like shared micro depots.
Enhancing health and wellbeing: engaging citizens in local placemaking and urban design experiments.

Best practices

Sources

European Commission. (2020, December 9). Sustainable and smart mobility strategy: Putting European transport on track for the future. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX%3A52020DC0789
European Commission. (2020). Sustainable and smart mobility strategy. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-themes/mobility-strategy_en

Social

Ask yourself:

What social trends help or hurt your idea?

Are there demographic changes that could affect your user base?
What values or attitudes do your target users have toward your product?

Air Pollution

Acid rain

+ Best practice

How it affects our health

Testing and Piloting Innovative Solutions

Scope and scale

TEST BEDS

Smaller, controlled environments.

Industry and academic partners for precise testing

Provide necessary permissions, regulatory oversight, and sometimes funding.

Ensure smooth transition to real- world applications

PILOT TERRITORIES

Intermediate in scale, larger than test-beds more focused than Living Labs

Local communities and municipal authorities

Facilitate transition from pilot to wider implementation.

Select testing areas, provide infrastructure, funding, and monitor impacts.

LIVING LABS

Encompass entire urban areas or multiple districts

Government, industry, academia, citizens

Provide access to public spaces, data, resources, and facilitate user engagement.

Align projects with local needs and priorities.

Impact

Role of municipalities

Stakeholder engagement

Climate City Contracts

The EU Mission for Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities drives urban climate action through Climate City Contracts, which require cities to develop detailed, locally tailored plans for cutting greenhouse gas emissions in sectors like energy, transport, and buildings. Co-created with local stakeholders, these contracts help cities commit to ambitious climate neutrality targets and unlock EU support, funding, and technical assistance to accelerate the transition to sustainable, low-carbon urban environments.

Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP)

Why adopt a SUMP?

Adopting a SUMP helps cities:

Attract investment and EU funding,
Foster a culture of sustainable mobility,
Move towards cleaner, safer and more efficient transport systems,
Enhance the liveability and economic vitality of urban areas.

Sources

Aurambout, J.-P., Schiavina, M., Melchiorri, M., Fioretti, C., Guzzo, F., Vandecasteele, I., Proietti, P., Kavalov, B., Panella, F., & Koukoufikis, G. (2022). Shrinking cities. Publications Office of the European Union. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/handle/JRC126011
European Commission, Joint Research Centre. (n.d.). Increasing or declining urban populations: Future cities. https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/jrc-mission-statement-work-programme/facts4eufuture/future-cities-opportunities-challenges-and-way-forward/increasing-or-declining-urban-populations-future-cities_en
Ganning, J. (2015). Mobility and accessibility in shrinking cities. Portland, OR: Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), Portland State University. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010&context=trec_briefs
Hollander, J. B., Pallagst, K., Schwarz, T., & Popper, F. J. (2009). Planning shrinking cities. Progress in Planning, 72(4), 223–232. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228125028_Planning_Shrinking_Cities

Sources

Cludius, J., Noka, V., Unger, N., Delfosse, L., Dolinga, T., Schumacher, K., Suta, C.-M., Lechtenfeld, R., Vornicu, A., Sinea, A., Serarols, A., García, M., Giardina, F., Lucas, K., Mohd Radzuan, H. S., Bouzarovski, S., Krawiec, K., Chrzanowski, P., & Ruciński, K. (2024). Transport poverty: Definitions, indicators, determinants, and mitigation strategies. European Commission, Directorate-General for Employment, Social Affairs and Inclusion. https://employment-social-affairs.ec.europa.eu/document/download/4c180544-b1a1-455b-93df-d2b70f536596_en?filename=KE-01-24-003-EN-N.pdf
European Parliamentary Research Service. (2022). Understanding transport poverty. European Parliament. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/ATAG/2022/738181/EPRS_ATA(2022)738181_EN.pdf

EIT Urban Mobility Marketplace

EIT Urban Mobility Marketplace is a digital platform providing information on:

market-ready mobility solutions across diverse needs and areas,
innovation proven to positively impact global smart cities,
success stories and case studies from leading cities,
simple, effective lessons for implementing positive changes in urban mobility,
piloting and implementation opportunities for mobility innovators,
funded calls and open tenders targeting crucial mobility challenges in smart cities.

EU Innovation Landscape

Key areas of innovation in urban mobility

New Business Models

Shared Mobility Services

Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)

Zero-Emission Technologies

Micromobility

Data-Driven Decision Making

Intellligent Transport Systems

Autonomous and Connected Mobility

Urban Layout-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

Key Challenges

Threats

While identifying Threats, ask yourself:

What obstacles or challenges are we currently facing?
Are there potential changes in regulations or policies that could harm us?
Are there environmental or social factors that could pose risk?
Are there supply chain disruptions or resource limitations that could affect us?
Could changes in customer needs negatively impact us?

Climate-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

Need for resilience

Key mechanisms for building resilience include:

adopting elevated infrastructure to reduce flood risk,
combining natural buffers with deployable barriers,
expanding sustainable transport and soft mobility options and building parallel transit routes,
deploying early warning and monitoring systems.

+ Best practice

Sources

EIT Urban Mobility. (2021). Mobility Innovation Marketplace. https://marketplace.eiturbanmobility.eu/
European Commission. (2025). SWOT analysis - strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats. EXACT External Wiki. https://wikis.ec.europa.eu/spaces/ExactExternalWiki/pages/50109063/SWOT+analysis+-+strengths+weaknesses+opportunities+and+threats
European Commission. (2025). SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats). Capacity4dev. https://capacity4dev.europa.eu/groups/evaluation_guidelines/info/swot-strenghts-weakness-opportunities-threats_en
Karadzhov, V. (2025). How to create the best SWOT analysis. International Journal of Research and Review, 12(1), 66-73. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20250110

To understand what the user sees, ask yourself:

What does the user observe in their surroundings (physical or digital)?
What does the user see other people are doing in relation to the solution or the challenge that the solution aims to solve?
What trends, products, or services does your user notice?
What are challenges or opportunities your users perceive around them in relation to the solution?

To understand what the user hears, ask yourself:

What are friends and family of your users telling them about your solution or similar solutions?
What can your user hear from the media about your solution or similar solutions?

Sources

European Commission. (2025). SWOT analysis - strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats. EXACT External Wiki. https://wikis.ec.europa.eu/spaces/ExactExternalWiki/pages/50109063/SWOT+analysis+-+strengths+weaknesses+opportunities+and+threats
European Commission. (2025). SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats). Capacity4dev. https://capacity4dev.europa.eu/groups/evaluation_guidelines/info/swot-strenghts-weakness-opportunities-threats_en
Karadzhov, V. (2025). How to create the best SWOT analysis. International Journal of Research and Review, 12(1), 66-73. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20250110

Sources

European Commission. (2024). EU Mission: Climate-Neutral and Smart Cities. Research and Innovation. https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/funding/funding-opportunities/funding-programmes-and-open-calls/horizon-europe/eu-missions-horizon-europe/climate-neutral-and-smart-cities_en
European Environment Agency. (2024). Transport and mobility: In-depth. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/transport-and-mobility
ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability. (n.d.). Urban transport and climate change. https://sustainablemobility.iclei.org/urban-transport-and-climate-change/
The World Bank. (2006, May 3). Urban transport and climate change. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2006/05/03/urban-transport-and-climate-change

Opportunities

While identifying Opportunities, ask yourself:

What external trends or changes could we benefit from?

Are there unmet needs in the market that we could address?
Could we form new strategic partnerships?
Are there new funding sources or financial opportunities available?
Are there emerging technologies or innovations we could leverage?

No zero-emission buses in the fleet: The transportation industry faces increasing pressure to reduce its environmental impact and move away from fossil fuel dependency.

No zero-emission buses in the fleet

High maintenance costs

Passenger information system is obsolete

Passenger information system is obsolete: Modern passenger information systems are a necessity. Obsolete systems fail to meet passenger expectations for real-time information and seamless service.

High maintenance costs: Systems in poorer condition have higher maintenance costs, which creates financial strain and operational inefficiency, leading to service disruptions and reduced quality.

Public procurement regulations prioritize the acquisition of clean vehicles, and incentives are in place for fleet renewals and retrofitting. Financial support is also directed at businesses, especially SMEs, to modernize fleets and invest in green technologies, while consumer incentives make zero-emission vehicles and services more accessible and attractive.

The transition to zero-emission mobility is driven by a range of incentives and policy levers. These include stricter CO2 and pollutant emission standards, carbon pricing, road charging, and targeted taxation. The EU is revising standards for vehicles, supporting the deployment of alternative fuels through initiatives like ReFuelEU Aviation and FuelEU Maritime, and investing in infrastructure through the Recovery and Resilience Facility.

Urban Traffic Unsafety

How can we reduce road fatalities?

To meet the target of halving road deaths by 2030, cities must:

Prioritize segregated infrastructure for vulnerable users (primarily pedestrians).
Enforce 30 km/h speed limits in mixed-traffic zones.
Adopt data-driven tools for targeted interventions.
Increase enforcement and compliance with road safety laws.

Best practice

a brighter turn

Youth Mobility Trends

In European cities, between 60% and 80% of youth regularly use public transport, but those living in suburban areas often face challenges due to less frequent service and higher travel costs. Despite these barriers, there is a clear trend toward multimodal and active travel. Many young people have started integrating walking or cycling into their daily routines.

To understand what the user thinks and feels, ask yourself:

What thoughts go through the mind of the user while he or she is using the solution?
What concerns or worries is your user having about the solution?
What matters most to your user during his/her experience?
Is your user feeling confident or confused while using the solution?
Is your user experiencing frustration with the time it takes?
How does your user feel about the overall experience?

Sources

Lin, D., & Cui, J. (2021). Transport and Mobility Needs for an Ageing Society from a Policy Perspective: Review and Implications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), 11802. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211802
Miklinska, J. (2023). Selected urban mobility issues of the elderly: The Polish experience. European Research Studies Journal, 26(4), 904–920. https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/117963/1/ERSJ26%284%29A68.pdf

Strenghts

While identifying Strenghts, ask yourself:

What is working well in the observed system?

What makes the system better compared to others?
What advantages do we have (location, infrastructure...)?

Do we have qualified staff or know how?
Are there any useful existing collaborations?
Have our previous projects been successfully implemented?

Testbed is a controlled environment where new technologies or systems are tested under monitored conditions.

Transport and Green Deal

Pilot territories refer to designated areas where a new concepts, policies, or solutions are tested on a smaller scale before being implemented more broadly.

Transport and Green Deal

Political

Ask yourself:

Are there upcoming elections or policy changes that could impact your project?
What political issues might affect you?
How do you work around them?

Sources

European Institute of Innovation and Technology. (2025). The EIT Regional Innovation Scheme (RIS): Closing the Innovation Divide in Europe. https://www.eit.europa.eu/activities/eit-regional-innovation-scheme-ris-closing-innovation-divide-europe
European Commission. (2021, July 14). Delivering the European Green Deal. Climate Action - European Commission. https://climate.ec.europa.eu/news-your-voice/news/delivering-european-green-deal-2021-07-14_en
European Commission. (2023, January 1). Regional innovation scoreboard. Research and Innovation - European Commission. https://research-and-innovation.ec.europa.eu/statistics/performance-indicators/regional-innovation-scoreboard_en
European Court of Auditors. (2020). Special Report: Sustainable Urban Mobility in the EU: No substantial improvement is possible without Member States' commitment. Publications Office of the European Union. https://op.europa.eu/webpub/eca/special-reports/urban-mobility-6-2020/en/
European Education Area. (2023, November 27). Innovation in education. European Education Area. https://education.ec.europa.eu/education-levels/higher-education/innovation-in-education
Tsavachidis, M., & Le Petit, Y. (2022). Re-shaping urban mobility – Key to Europe´s green transition. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667091722000024

Sources

European Commission. (2024, April 17). EU boosts zero-emission mobility with over €424 million in funding for 42 projects. Connecting Europe Facility – Urban Mobility Observatory. https://urban-mobility-observatory.transport.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/eu-boosts-zero-emission-mobility-over-eu424-million-funding-42-projects-2024-04-17_en
European Commission. (2025, March 14). Creating a common European mobility data space. Smart Mobility – European Commission. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-themes/smart-mobility/creating-common-european-mobility-data-space_en
European Commission. (2020, October 19). Delivering “Mobility as a Service” in cities: Evidence from pilot studies. Urban Mobility Observatory. https://urban-mobility-observatory.transport.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/delivering-mobility-service-cities-evidence-pilot-studies-2020-10-19_en
European Commission. (2023, June 9). Sustainable transport: Rules to boost intelligent transport systems for safer and more efficient transport agreed. Transport – European Commission. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/sustainable-transport-rules-boost-intelligent-transport-systems-safer-and-more-efficient-transport-2023-06-09_en
European Commission. (2021, February 15). New European coalition to promote micromobility. Urban Mobility Observatory. https://urban-mobility-observatory.transport.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/new-european-coalition-promote-micromobility-2021-02-15_en
European Commission. (2021, December 9). Questions and Answers: Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy. Press Corner – European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/api/files/document/print/mt/qanda_20_2330/QANDA_20_2330_EN.pdf
Tsavachidis, M., & Le Petit, Y. (2022). Re-shaping urban mobility—Key to Europe’s green transition. ScienceDirect. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667091722000024

Action Pillars of Transport Decarbonisation

SUSTAINABILITY OF ALL TRANSPORT MODES

INCENTIVES TO ZERO-EMISSION MOBILITY

AVAILABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVES

Multimodality

Carbon pricing and better incentives for users

Introduction of wehicles with low and zero emission and renewable and low-carbon fuels

Charging for the use of infrastructure

Support to research and innovation development

Framework for measuring greenhouse gas emissions

Supply of sustainable mobility models for everyday travel

Infrastructure

Digital solutions

Increasing demand(final users)

Innovative mobility services

Support to research and innovation development

Technological

Ask yourself:

Is there anything going on in the tech-world that could influence your product?
Are there new tools or platforms that could make your app better or cheaper to build?

In the GAINS section, summarise what you identified about your users in relation to your solution:

What success looks like for the users

Benefits they hope to achieve

Positive outcomes, needs, or aspirations.

Sources

Cleverism. (n.d.). Idea generation and problem solving using SCAMPER technique. https://www.cleverism.com/idea-generation-problem-solving-using-scamper-technique/
Designorate. (n.d.). A guide to the SCAMPER technique for design thinking. https://www.designorate.com/a-guide-to-the-scamper-technique-for-creative-thinking/
Interaction Design Foundation. (2025). Learn how to use the best ideation methods: SCAMPER. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/article/learn-how-to-use-the-best-ideation-methods-scamper
Teamazing. (n.d.). SCAMPER explained (5 min read): Pros & cons, examples. https://www.teamazing.com/scamper/
Visual Paradigm Online. (n.d.). What is SCAMPER? https://online.visual-paradigm.com/knowledge/creativity-tool/what-is-scamper/

The 15-Minute City

The 15-minute city is an urban planning concept that aims to ensure all essential places and services—such as workplaces, schools, healthcare, groceries, parks, and leisure spaces—are accessible within a 15-minute walk or bike ride from any resident’s home. The model promotes compact, mixed-use neighborhoods where daily needs can be met locally, reducing reliance on cars, lowering carbon emissions, and fostering healthier, more connected communities. It is estimated that cities adhering to "15-minute city / neighborhood" principles can cut transport-related CO₂ emissions by 70% through proximity-based accessibility.

Sources

EIT Urban Mobility. (2024, November 7). Mastering mobility: noise pollution. https://www.eiturbanmobility.eu/knowledge-hub/mastering-mobility-noise-pollution/
EIT Urban Mobility. (2024, December 19). Mobility Talks 27: How can better mobility planning reduce air and noise pollution in cities. https://www.eiturbanmobility.eu/knowledge-hub/mobility-talks-27-how-can-better-mobility-planning-reduce-air-and-noise-pollution-in-cities/
European Environment Agency. (2024). Transport noise. In Sustainability of Europe’s mobility systems. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/analysis/publications/sustainability-of-europes-mobility-systems/transport-noise

ASSESSMENT TOOL 2: EMPHATY MAP

Improving the design of your solution by putting yourself in the final user's shoes.

what THEY THINK AND FEEL

what THEY SEE

what THEY HEAR

A TARGETED USER OF YOUR PRODUCT / SERVICE

what THEY SAY AND DO

PAINS

GaINS

Population of the city is decreasing: Declining urban populations reduce the customer base, leading to lower public transport usage and revenue, which can make the system less attractive and sustainable.

Election is scheduled for next year: Elections can significantly influence the future of public transport through policymaking, funding decisions, and prioritization of transportation initiatives.

Lack of drivers in the labour market: When driver positions remain unfilled, agencies are often forced to cut services or reduce routes. This disrupts schedules and inconveniences passengers.

Population of the city is decreasing

Election is scheduled for next year

Lack of drivers in the labour market

Environmental

Ask yourself:

Are there any environmental policies that you should consider?
Are there specific local concerns you should address?
Are there any initiatives you could leverage for your product?

Air Pollution

Acid rain

+ Best practice

How it affects our health

Poland's Policy

In Poland, over 25% of the population is aged 60 or older. Poland’s approach to addressing the mobility needs of an ageing population combines public transport modernization, subsidized services, and local initiatives to combat social exclusion. The city of Kielce introduced the Taxi for Seniors program, which offers free monthly rides.This program helps elderly residents who experience mobility challenges and live alone or with family members who cannot provide sufficient support.

Despite progress, systemic barriers hinder equitable mobility. Financial constraints limit the scalability of programs like Taxi for Seniors, while rural-urban divides in transport coverage persist. Gender disparities further complicate policy outcomes with women facing reduced mobility due to safety concerns. This is why public transport infrastructure upgrades, like low-floor busses, remain critical. Not just in Poland, but in all European countries facing these demographic shifts.

Sources

EIT Urban Mobility. (2021). Mobility Innovation Marketplace. https://marketplace.eiturbanmobility.eu/

Sources

Lopez-Aparicio, S., Grythe, H., Drabicki, A., Chwastek, K., Toboła, K., Górska-Niemas, L., Kierpiec, U., Markelj, M., Strużewska, J., Kud, B., & Sousa Santos, G. (2025). Environmental sustainability of urban expansion: Implications for transport emissions, air pollution, and city growth. Environment International, 196, 109310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2025.109310
Pehchevski, D. (2021, September). Sustainable urban mobility – links to air pollution. CEE Bankwatch Network. https://www.wbgc.hu/uploads/downloads/6149e622d6c4c718513693.pdf
United Nations Environment Programme. (n.d.). Sustainable transport and air pollution. https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/resource-efficiency/what-we-do/cities/sustainable-transport-and-air-pollution

Sources

European Commission, Urban Mobility Observatory. (2023, August 31). Nine European cities paving the way for car-free living. https://urban-mobility-observatory.transport.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/nine-european-cities-paving-way-car-free-living-2023-08-31_en
Ivars, J., Celdrán Bernabeu, M. A., Triviño, A., & Vera-Rebollo, J. (2016). Tourist mobility at coastal mass destinations: Implications for sustainability. Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 201, 127–138. https://doi.org/10.2495/ST160111
Martello, M. V., & Whittle, A. J. (2023). Climate-resilient transportation infrastructure in coastal cities. In F. Pacheco-Torgal & C.-G. Granqvist (Eds.), Adapting the built environment for climate change (pp. 73–108). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95336-8.00007-X
Wondratschek, F. E., Wilson, N., Gangadharan, V., & Savaliya, B. (2023). How might sustainable mobility concepts help coastal towns to deal with overtourism? A SUMP comparison between Palma de Mallorca and Antibes [Preprint]. ScienceOpen Preprints. https://doi.org/10.14293/PR2199.000279.v1

Economic

Ask yourself:

What is happening with the economy right now?
Is it a good time to launch your specific product?
How much disposable income do your target users have?

Planning for Decline

Faced with long-term shrinkage, cities need to adapt urban form and services accordingly. This may include:

Demolishing abandoned buildings and converting land to green spaces or needed utilities.
Repurposing vacant housing and industrial sites for cultural, recreational, or community uses.
Encouraging entrepreneurial projects on vacant land to maintain vitality.
Utilizing vacant land for urban agriculture or reforestation, enhancing environmental sustainability.
Ensuring that planning adresses the needs of vulnerable populations.
Leveraging technological solutions to maintain service quality at lower densities.

ASSESSMENT TOOL 3: SCAMPER

Improving the design of your solution or generating new ideas by exploring different perspectives.

SCAMPER is a creative thinking tool used to generate new ideas or improve existing products, services, or processes. SCAMPER guides you through a series of prompts about your solution that encourage you to look at your product or service from different angles.

Put to other use

Eliminate

Combine

Substitute

Reverse

Adapt

Modify

How could existing features be changed to improve performance or reduce impact?

Can different systems or technologies be merged to create better results?

What steps or elements could be removed to simplify the process?

What components or practices could be replaced with greener or more efficient options?

How might changing the order or direction of processes lead to better outcomes?

Are there ideas from other industries or cities that could be applied here?

Is there a way to use current resources or infrastructure differently to solve new problems?

Increasing Motorization Rates in Europe

Italy leads the European Union with 684 passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants, closely followed by Luxembourg (678), Finland (661), and Cyprus (658).

At the lower end of the spectrum, Latvia reported just 414 cars per 1,000 inhabitants, followed by Romania (417) and Hungary (424).

3. Improve

1. Avoid

Electrify fleets and optimize logistics.

Reduce motorized travel through remote work, mixed-use zoning, and digital services.

4. Strengthen

2. Shift

Enhance infrastructure resilience via dynamic zoning and preparing alternative systems.

Prioritize public transit, cycling, and shared mobility.

3. Improve

1. Avoid

Electrify fleets and optimize logistics.

Reduce motorized travel through remote work, mixed-use zoning, and digital services.

4. Strengthen

2. Shift

Enhance infrastructure resilience via dynamic zoning and preparing alternative systems.

Prioritize public transit, cycling, and shared mobility.

Sources

European Commission. (2016). A Master Plan for the deployment of Interoperable Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems in the EU (COM(2016) 886 final). Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/smart-regulation/roadmaps/docs/2016_move_040_cooperative_intelligent_transport_en.pdf
European Commission. (2017). New European Interoperability Framework: Promoting seamless services and data flows for European public administrations [PDF]. Publications Office of the European Union. https://ec.europa.eu/isa2/sites/default/files/eif_brochure_final.pdf
European Commission Directorate-General for Mobility and Transport. (2025). Driving the transition towards smart and sustainable mobility. Digital Strategy. Retrieved from https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/digitalisation-mobility
Joint Research Centre. (2023). Innovation capacity in the European transport sector (EUR 40114). Publications Office of the European Union. Retrieved from https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC139386/JRC139386_01.pdf

Making sustainable alternatives widely available is a core pillar of the EU approach. The strategy calls for seamless, multimodal transport systems where users can easily combine various modes—such as rail, public transport, cycling, and walking—for both passenger and freight journeys. Key actions include expanding high-speed rail networks, increasing the capacity and management of rail and inland waterways, and ensuring the widespread deployment of recharging and refuelling infrastructure for alternative fuels.

The Combined Transport Directive supports multimodal freight operations, and digital solutions like Mobility as a Service (MaaS) facilitate access to sustainable modes. MaaS is an integrated digital platform that allows users to plan, book, and pay for multiple types of mobility services—such as public transport, ridesharing, bike-sharing, and more—through a single app or interface. MaaS aims to make sustainable travel options more convenient and accessible for everyone.

Ageing Populations and Shifting Demographics

ASSESSMENT TOOL 1: PESTEL

Understanding how your innovative solution fits into the broader context.

A PESTEL analysis is a strategic tool used to examine the external macro-environmental factors that can impact an organization, industry, solution or project. PESTEL helps you take the real world into consideration.

Political

Social

Economic

Law

Environmental

Technological

Characteristics of the business or project that give it an advantage over others.

Air Pollution

Acid rain

+ Best practice

How it affects our health

Sources

CIVITAS Initiative. (2023, April 28). CIVITAS Process & Impact Evaluation Framework: A readers' guide. https://civitas.eu/resources/civitas-process-impact-evaluation-framework-a-readers-guide
European Commission. (2024, May 28). Sustainable urban mobility planning and monitoring. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-themes/urban-transport/sustainable-urban-mobility-planning-and-monitoring_en
European Commission. (2025, February 17). Expert Group on Urban Mobility presents work to advance sustainable urban mobility. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/news-events/news/expert-group-urban-mobility-presents-work-advance-sustainable-urban-mobility-2025-02-17_en
Interreg Baltic Sea Region. (2024, November). Draft framework for Monitoring and evaluation for sustainable urban mobility planning [PDF]. https://interreg-baltic.eu/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/D.1.1-Draft-monitoring-and-evaluation-framework-for-sustainable-urban-mobility-planning-final.pdf

Sources

European Commission. (2024). Sustainable urban mobility planning and monitoring. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-themes/urban-transport/sustainable-urban-mobility-planning-and-monitoring_en
Wondratschek, F. E., Wilson, N., Gangadharan, V., & Savaliya, B. (2023). How might sustainable mobility concepts help coastal towns to deal with overtourism? A SUMP comparison between Palma de Mallorca and Antibes [Preprint]. ScienceOpen Preprints. https://doi.org/10.14293/PR2199.000279.v1

Law

Ask yourself:

Is there any law or regulation you need to consider?
Are there data privacy or copyright laws you must follow?
Do you need special licenses or certifications to operate?

To understand what the user says and does, ask yourself:

How would a user describe his/her experience about an issue (e.g. your product/service) to others?
What specific words or phrases would he/she use to describe it?
What complaints or praise would she/he voice about this solution?
What specific actions is the user of your solution taking when interacting with it?
How does the final user physically interact with different components or features of your product / service?

By 2050:

almost all cars, vans, buses and new heavy vehicles will be emission-free,
railway freight traffic will be doubled,
high-speed rail traffic will triple,
a multimodal trans-European transport network (TEN-T) equipped for sustainable and smart transport with high-speed connections will be operational in the area of the comprehensive network.

Economic Activity-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

Key Challenges:

Parking shortages

Traffic congestion

Emissions

Public transport saturation

Economic activity in coastal cities is driven by tourism and port operations. However, seasonal overtourism is placing intense pressure on local infrastructure and services. Tourist influx causes transport congestion and raises demand for accommodation, utilities, and waste management, impacting residents’ quality of life and infrastructure resilience. Ports, vital to coastal economies, see increased activity during tourist season, requiring more logistics support and adding to congestion.

Venice, Italy is introducing a €5 entry fee for day visitors during peak periods to manage visitor flows and balance the needs of residents and tourists.

Best practice

European cities and towns paving the way for car-free living

Giethoorn, Netherlands Giethoorn is is a village where boats and bicycles provide all the necessary transportation to get around. Hallstatt, Austria Hallstatt is a car-free town where you can enjoy a UNESCO World Heritage site far from any pollution. Rovinj, Croatia Rovinj is believed to be Croatia's largest pedestrian zone, encompassing the entire medieval town with its cobblestone alleys.

Weaknesses

While identifying Weaknesses, ask yourself:

What areas of the observed system need improvement or are functioning poorly?

What disadvantages do we have compared to others (infrastructure, resources)?
Do our operations have inefficient processes?

Are there any constraints limiting us?
Is our technology or equipment inadequate?
Has anything caused us to fail or underperform in the past?

Action Pillars of Transport Decarbonisation

SUSTAINABILITY OF ALL TRANSPORT MODES

INCENTIVES TO ZERO-EMISSION MOBILITY

AVAILABILITY OF SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVES

Multimodality

Carbon pricing and better incentives for users

Introduction of wehicles with low and zero emission and renewable and low-carbon fuels

Charging for the use of infrastructure

Support to research and innovation development

Framework for measuring greenhouse gas emissions

Supply of sustainable mobility models for everyday travel

Infrastructure

Digital solutions

Increasing demand(final users)

Innovative mobility services

Support to research and innovation development

Sources

Bertoldi, P. (Ed.). (2018). Guidebook: How to develop a Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP). Joint Research Centre, European Commission. Publications Office of the European Union. https://trello.com/1/cards/678eace5b4610cd82fb68952/attachments/682dbb6c6c8f4c7e83628467/download/jrc112986_kj-na-29412-en-n.pdf
ERTRAC Working Group: Urban Mobility. (2021, July 2). Urban mobility resilience roadmap (Version 3). European Road Transport Research Advisory Council (ERTRAC). https://www.ertrac.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/ERTRAC-Urban-Mobility-Resilicience-Roadmap-V3.pdf
European Commission. (n.d.). National energy and climate plans. https://commission.europa.eu/energy-climate-change-environment/implementation-eu-countries/energy-and-climate-governance-and-reporting/national-energy-and-climate-plans_en
Polzin, S. E. (2025, April). Transportation and climate change: Urban mobility in a climate-sensitive world (Part 3 of 3). Reason Foundation. https://a8d50b36.delivery.rocketcdn.me/wp-content/uploads/transportation-climate-change-urban-mobility.pdf

Absorbed CO₂ forms carbonic acid, lowering ocean pH and imperiling marine ecosystems.

Ocean acidification

Enhanced heat trapping intensifies droughts, storms, and precipitation variability.

Extreme weather

Thermal expansion and ice melt threaten coastal communities, with projections suggesting up to 1 meter of rise by 2100 under high-emission scenarios.

Rising sea levels

Sources

EIT Urban Mobility. (2024). Designing for all: Principles of universal access in public transportation. Tomorrow.City. https://www.tomorrow.city/designing-for-all-principles-of-universal-access-in-public-transportation/
Ravazzoli, E., & Torricelli, G. P. (2017). Urban mobility and public space: A challenge for the sustainable liveable city of the future. The Journal of Public Space, 2(2), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.5204/jps.v2i2.91

Living Labs are dynamic platforms that facilitate the creation and testing of innovative mobility solutions. These labs serve as real-world environments.

Air Pollution

Acid rain

+ Best practice

How it affects our health

Ageing Populations and Shifting Demographics

Sources

Tsavachidis, M., & Le Petit, Y. (2022). Re-shaping urban mobility – Key to Europe’s green transition. Journal of Urban Mobility, 2, 100014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2022.100014

3. Improve

1. Avoid

Electrify fleets and optimize logistics.

Reduce motorized travel through remote work, mixed-use zoning, and digital services.

4. Strengthen

2. Shift

Enhance infrastructure resilience via dynamic zoning and preparing alternative systems.

Prioritize public transit, cycling, and shared mobility.

High level of safety in the city: High-quality public transport systems can improve traffic safety, reducing injuries and fatalities. This provides a competitive edge for the public transport system.

High level of safety in the city

Ticketing system is easy to use

There is know-how on project preparation

There is know-how on project preparation: Know-how enables effective planning and implementation of transport initiatives. This is essential for accessing funding and sucessfully delivering projects.

Ticketing system is easy to use: Ease and convenience of purchase attract more passengers, resulting in less private cars entering the urban area and greater passenger satisfaction.

The 15-Minute City

By 2030:

at least 30 million vehicles with zero emissions will be in use on European roads,
100 European cities will be climate neutral,
high-speed rail traffic will double,
scheduled public transport of passengers should be carbon neutral on distances shorter than 500 km,
automated mobility will be widely used,
zero emission vessels will be ready for the market.

Sources

Ahlfeldt, G., Pietrostefani, E., Schumann, A., & Matsumoto, T. (2018). Demystifying compact urban growth: Evidence from 300 studies from across the world. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/bbea8b78-en
European Commission. (2023). Sustainable urban mobility. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-themes/urban-transport/sustainable-urban-mobility_en
European Environment Agency. (2024). Urban sustainability. https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/urban-sustainability
OECD. (2012). Compact city policies: A comparative assessment (OECD Green Growth Studies). OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2012/05/compact-city-policies_g1g191f1/9789264167865-en.pdf
Smart Cities Marketplace. (2023). Proximity for all: Implementing inclusive ±15-minute city concepts. European Commission. https://smart-cities-marketplace.ec.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/2023/proximity-all-implementing-inclusive-15-minute-city-concepts
UN-Habitat. (2024). Cities and climate action: World Cities Report 2024. https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/2024/11/wcr2024_-_full_report.pdf
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2019). Climate action pathway: Human settlements executive summary. https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/CAP_Human_Settlements_ES.pdf

By 2030:

at least 30 million vehicles with zero emissions will be in use on European roads,
100 European cities will be climate neutral,
high-speed rail traffic will double,
scheduled public transport of passengers should be carbon neutral on distances shorter than 500 km,
automated mobility will be widely used,
zero emission vessels will be ready for the market.

Integration Challenges

Technical Challenges

Organisational Challenges

Policy challenges

Administrative challenges

Sources

European Commission. (2019). The European Green Deal. https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en
European Commission. (2020). Sustainable and smart mobility strategy: Putting European transport on track for the future. Publications Office of the European Union. https://transport.ec.europa.eu/transport-themes/mobility-strategy_en

EU funding is available for public transport: EU financial support is essential for enabling local authorities and transport operators to invest in projects that would otherwise be difficult to fund.

PT operator hired new experienced CEO: New leadership can bring fresh perspectives, strategic vision, and the ability to drive innovation and sustainability initiatives.

Fuel prices are increasing: Higher fuel costs make private vehicle ownership more expensive, potentially driving increased use of public transport systems.

EU funding is available for public transport

PT operator hired new experienced CEO

Fuel prices are increasing

Sources

Cavallaro, F., Galati, O. I., & Nocera, S. (2017). Policy strategies for the mitigation of GHG emissions caused by the mass-tourism mobility in coastal areas. Transportation Research Procedia, 27, 317–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.12.062
Ekoh, S. S., Teron, L., & Ajibade, I. (2023). Climate change and coastal megacities: Adapting through mobility. Global Environmental Change, 80, 102666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2023.102666
Ivars, J., Celdrán Bernabeu, M. A., Triviño, A., & Vera-Rebollo, J. (2016). Tourist mobility at coastal mass destinations: Implications for sustainability. Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 201, 127–138. https://doi.org/10.2495/ST160111
Martello, M. V., & Whittle, A. J. (2023). Climate-resilient transportation infrastructure in coastal cities. In F. Pacheco-Torgal & C.-G. Granqvist (Eds.), Adapting the built environment for climate change (pp. 73–108). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95336-8.00007-X

The EU’s Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy emphasizes that all transport modes—road, rail, air, and waterborne—are indispensable and must become more sustainable to achieve climate goals. This involves boosting the uptake of low- and zero-emission vehicles, increasing the use of renewable and low-carbon fuels, and supporting research and innovation for cleaner technologies across all modes.

The strategy sets clear milestones, such as nearly all cars, vans, buses, and new heavy-duty vehicles being zero-emission by 2050, the doubling of rail freight traffic, and the deployment of zero-emission marine vessels and aircraft. Sustainability efforts also address the entire lifecycle of vehicles and fuels, including battery production, recycling, and the reduction of microplastic and noise pollution from tyres.

In the PAINS section, summarise what you identified about your users in relation to your solution:

their main problems, frustrations, and obstacles
fears, risks, or worries they experience
anything that makes it hard for them to achieve their goals.

SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is a tool used to identify and evaluate the internal and external factors that can impact a system, organization, project, or initiative.

SWOT can be used as a tool for gap analysis in systems like local transport to identify where innovation might be needed.

Weaknesses

Strengths

Opportunities

Threats

(Internal)

(External)

Internal attributes and resources that support a desired outcome.

Internal factors and resources that make desired outcome more difficult to attain.

Elements in the environment that the business or project could exploit to its advantage.

Elements in the environment that could cause difficulties for a system, business or project.

NECPs

SECAPs

National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) are strategic documents required from every EU Member State, outlining how each country will contribute to the EU’s 2030 climate and energy targets. NECPs integrate policies on greenhouse gas reduction, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and energy security, setting national targets and describing measures across sectors such as energy, transport, and buildings. They also provide a framework for monitoring progress.

Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plans (SECAPs) are voluntary, locally driven plans where cities and municipalities commit to ambitious climate mitigation and adaptation targets, often going beyond national requirements. These plans emphasize stakeholder engagement, integration across municipal departments, and regular monitoring, thereby empowering local governments to innovate and lead on climate action within their communities while supporting national and EU objectives.

Sources

European Commission. (2025). Context analysis – PESTEL. EXACT External Wiki. https://wikis.ec.europa.eu/spaces/ExactExternalWiki/pages/50109048/Context+analysis+%E2%80%93+PESTEL
IdeaScale. (n.d.). What is PESTEL analysis? Definition, benefits and best practices. https://ideascale.com/blog/what-is-pestel-analysis/
VCMO Limited. (2023). Mastering the PESTEL framework: A playbook for business leaders. https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/648b36e4f08fd15118081200/648b36e4f08fd15118081430_PESTEL%20Framework%20Playbook_VCMO.pdf

Knowledge Gaps in EU Innovation Potential

How can we narrow the innovation gap by improving the higher education system?

Collaboration with the industry

Building an innovation culture

More interdisciplinarity

New teaching methods

Urban Layout-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

Key Challenges

By 2030:

at least 30 million vehicles with zero emissions will be in use on European roads,
100 European cities will be climate neutral,
high-speed rail traffic will double,
scheduled public transport of passengers should be carbon neutral on distances shorter than 500 km,
automated mobility will be widely used,
zero emission vessels will be ready for the market.

Sources

European Union. (2025). Open innovation test beds to accelerate European innovation. CORDIS. https://cordis.europa.eu/article/id/436434-open-innovation-test-beds-to-accelerate-european-innovation
European Commission. (2023, March 31). European Urban Initiative: 20 innovative projects selected to transform cities across Europe. Regional Policy – European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/whats-new/newsroom/31-03-2025-european-urban-initiative-20-innovative-projects-selected-to-transform-cities-across-europe_en
Joint Research Centre. (2018). Malmer, T., Grande, S., & Andersdotter, C. (Eds.). Workshop on good practices on increased accessibility of research/innovation infrastructure to industry: Test beds as drivers for EU growth and innovation (JRC111308). Publications Office of the European Union. https://publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu/repository/bitstream/JRC111308/kjna29177enn.pdf
Urban Innovative Actions. (2020). Delivering “Mobility as a Service” in cities: Pilot studies and insights. Smart Cities Marketplace. https://smart-cities-marketplace.ec.europa.eu/news-and-events/news/2020/what-urban-innovative-actions
Schuurman, D., De Marez, L., & Ballon, P. (2015). Living Labs: a systematic literature review. Open Living Lab Days 2015, Proceedings. Presented at the Open Living Lab Days 2015, Istanbul, Turkey. http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-7026155

Sources

Figma. (n.d.). Empathy map: A guide to user mapping. https://www.figma.com/resource-library/empathy-map/
Maze. (2023, November 13). Empathy mapping: Bridging the user-design gap. https://maze.co/blog/empathy-mapping/
Nielsen Norman Group. (2020, November 1). Empathy mapping: The first step in design thinking. https://www.nngroup.com/articles/empathy-mapping/

Sources

Ivars, J., Celdrán Bernabeu, M. A., Triviño, A., & Vera-Rebollo, J. (2016). Tourist mobility at coastal mass destinations: Implications for sustainability. Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 201, 127–138. https://doi.org/10.2495/ST160111
Martello, M. V., & Whittle, A. J. (2023). Climate-resilient transportation infrastructure in coastal cities. In F. Pacheco-Torgal & C.-G. Granqvist (Eds.), Adapting the built environment for climate change (pp. 73–108). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-95336-8.00007-X
Wondratschek, F. E., Wilson, N., Gangadharan, V., & Savaliya, B. (2023). How might sustainable mobility concepts help coastal towns to deal with overtourism? A SUMP comparison between Palma de Mallorca and Antibes [Preprint]. ScienceOpen Preprints. https://doi.org/10.14293/PR2199.000279.v1

The 15-Minute City

EU Innovation Landscape

Key areas of innovation in urban mobility

New Business Models

Shared Mobility Services

Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)

Zero-Emission Technologies

Micromobility

Data-Driven Decision Making

Intellligent Transport Systems

Autonomous and Connected Mobility

Increasing Motorization Rates in Europe

Italy leads the European Union with 684 passenger cars per 1,000 inhabitants, closely followed by Luxembourg (678), Finland (661), and Cyprus (658).

At the lower end of the spectrum, Latvia reported just 414 cars per 1,000 inhabitants, followed by Romania (417) and Hungary (424).

Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP)

Why adopt a SUMP?

Adopting a SUMP helps cities:

Attract investment and EU funding,
Foster a culture of sustainable mobility,
Move towards cleaner, safer and more efficient transport systems,
Enhance the liveability and economic vitality of urban areas.

Urban Traffic Unsafety

How can we reduce road fatalities?

To meet the target of halving road deaths by 2030, cities must:

Prioritize segregated infrastructure for vulnerable users (primarily pedestrians).
Enforce 30 km/h speed limits in mixed-traffic zones.
Adopt data-driven tools for targeted interventions.
Increase enforcement and compliance with road safety laws.

Best practice

SWOT Analysis

SWOT analysis is a tool used to identify and evaluate the internal and external factors that can impact a system, organization, project, or initiative.

SWOT can be used as a tool for gap analysis in systems like local transport to identify where innovation might be needed.

Weaknesses

Strengths

Opportunities

Threats

(Internal)

(External)

Internal attributes and resources that support a desired outcome.

Internal factors and resources that make desired outcome more difficult to attain.

Elements in the environment that the business or project could exploit to its advantage.

Elements in the environment that could cause difficulties for a system, business or project.

Sources

Berndt, J., Chatzimichail, E., Ellis, G., Mayoux, M., Sansom, R., & Vase Bundgaard, A. (2024, March). Young Europeans’ mobility habits, opinions and challenges: A study of 10 EU cities striving for climate neutrality by 2030. Generation Climate Europe. https://gceurope.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Young-Europeans-Mobility-Habits_2024-1.pdf
Eurostat. (2024, January 17). Passenger cars per 1 000 inhabitants reached 560 in 2022. European Commission. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20240117-1
Eurostat. (2024, December). Passenger cars in the EU. Statistics Explained. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Passenger_cars_in_the_EU
International Transport Forum. (2024). Youth on the move: Young people and transport in the 21st century (CPB Report). OECD Publishing. https://www.itf-oecd.org/sites/default/files/docs/youth-transport-21st-century.pdf
SLR Consulting. (n.d.). Car trip rates: Europe vs US. https://www.slrconsulting.com/insights/car-trip-rates-europe-us/
Swiss Federal Statistical Office. (2024). Motorisation rate in European cities and functional urban areas - 2020. https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/en/home/news/whats-new.assetdetail.33907154.html
The Economist Impact. (n.d.). The future of sustainable mobility: Briefing paper. https://impact.economist.com/projects/the-future-of-sustainable-mobility/briefing-paper/

Important:

Before creating an empathy map, clearly define the specific user you are focusing on. Identify their demographics, role, goals, behaviors, and challenges, and ensure this profile aligns with the purpose of the map. Document these details briefly and use them as a reference to stay focused on the user's true perspective.

Innovation Re-Shaping Urban Mobility

To accelerate the transition to sustainable mobility and create more liveable urban spaces, collaboration between munucipalities, regions, industry, start-ups, universities, and citizens is crucial.

What are key innovation areas driving local transformation?

Strengthening intermodal mobility: connecting people to jobs, education and leisure by expanding equitable access to mobility.
Expanding clean and efficient city logistics: improving goods delivery through solutions like shared micro depots.
Enhancing health and wellbeing: engaging citizens in local placemaking and urban design experiments.

Best practices

Climate-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

Need for resilience

Key mechanisms for building resilience include:

adopting elevated infrastructure to reduce flood risk,
combining natural buffers with deployable barriers,
expanding sustainable transport and soft mobility options and building parallel transit routes,
deploying early warning and monitoring systems.

+ Best practice

By 2050:

almost all cars, vans, buses and new heavy vehicles will be emission-free,
railway freight traffic will be doubled,
high-speed rail traffic will triple,
a multimodal trans-European transport network (TEN-T) equipped for sustainable and smart transport with high-speed connections will be operational in the area of the comprehensive network.

By 2050:

almost all cars, vans, buses and new heavy vehicles will be emission-free,
railway freight traffic will be doubled,
high-speed rail traffic will triple,
a multimodal trans-European transport network (TEN-T) equipped for sustainable and smart transport with high-speed connections will be operational in the area of the comprehensive network.

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REAL RIS Course

Zero - Emission Mobility in Coastal Cities

Course Introduction

RESILIENT EDUCATED AGILE LEADING

REGIONAL INNOVATION SHEME

Course Introduction

Course Introduction

Before we start...

Course Structure

Unit 2/ Development Trends and Green Objectives

Unit 1/ Urban Mobility in Europe

Unit 4/ Integrating Innovative Solutions

Unit 3/ Innovation Shaping Mobility

Competency Assessment

Further reading

Introduction to Unit 1

UNIT 1 Urban Mobility in Europe

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Ageing Populations and Shifting Demographics

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Shrinking Cities

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Unsustainable Urban Expansion

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Increasing Motorization Rates in Europe

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

The Decline of Urban Spaces

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Urban Traffic Unsafety

How can we reduce road fatalities?

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Climate Change and a Rising Need for Resilience

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Greenhouse Gasses (GHG)

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Air Pollution

How does air pollution affect our health?

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Noise Pollution

'Quieter cities are healthier cities–but we need to measure what matters and act on evidence, not assumptions" - Piotr Kuropatwiński

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Transport Poverty

Transport Poverty Dimensions

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Specific Challenges of Coastal Cities

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Urban Layout-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

Key Challenges

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Economic Activity-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

Key Challenges:

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Climate-Related Challenges of Coastal Cities

Unit 1 Short Quiz!

Let's check if you're ready to move onto Unit 2.

Question 1/10

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Question 2/10

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Question 3/10

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Question 4/10

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Question 5/10

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Question 6/10

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe

Question 7/10

Unit 1: Urban Mobility in Europe