The 4 Elements
You've traveled through time! Your destination is Ancient Greece in the year 450 BCE. You meet Empedocles of Agrigentum—a philosopher and healer—who has a theory: "All of nature is made up of a mixture of four elements." Strange, right? The modern periodic table consists of 118 chemical elements. Complete all the challenges and prove to Empedocles that he is wrong.
Let's go!
Index
Crack the secret code by completing each of the challenges and entering the numbers in order at the end. There's no other way to escape!
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
Introduction
+ info
Index
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
Quizz!
Complete the following quiz and you will get the first digit to earn your reward!
start
1/6
What are the four elements, according to Empedocles of Agrigentum?
Water, earth, fire, and air
Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and argon
Light, ether, alcohol, and magnesium
Electrons, protons, neutrons, and photons
Correct!
Explanation
The theory of the four elements held that all natural beings are composed of a mixture, in varying proportions, of water, air, earth, and fire. This idea, formulated by the natural philosopher and healer Empedocles of Agrigentum (495-435 BCE), was the most enduring and influential presocratic theory in history.
2/6
What is the water molecule?
Correct!
Explanation
Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O) bonded by a covalent bond. It is a very common substance on Earth and in the solar system, where it is primarily found in the form of vapor or ice. It is essential for the origin and sustenance of life. Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is mainly found in the oceans, where 96.5% of the total is concentrated.
3/6
Was fire discovered or invented?
Discovered
Invented
Correct!
Explanation
It was discovered and domesticated.
The domestication or control of fire was a major step in human evolution. It allowed primitive hominins to cook their food, increasing its energy value due to improved absorption of proteins and carbohydrates, while reducing the energy consumption required for digestion. Some studies report traces of fire use by the genus Homo dating back 1.7 million years.
4/6
Drag and arrange according to the amount of compounds in the air
Oxygen
Water
Noble gases
Nitrogen
continue
solution
Solución
5/6
What do the initials DANA stand for?
Depresión Aislada en Niveles Altos
Día Apacible No Alterado
Desarrollo de Aguacero Nuboso Atmosférico
Desastre Ambiental con Nacimiento Amplio
Correct!
Explanation
The meaning of DANA is Depresión Aislada en Niveles Altos. It was previously known as a cold drop. A DANA is a meteorological phenomenon in the form of a closed upper-level low that has completely detached from the main westerly flow and moves independently of that flow. Cold drops can remain almost stationary for days or, occasionally, move westward, opposite to the prevailing air flow (i.e., retrogression).
6/6
What process do plants use to feed themselves?
Breathing
Ingestion of insects
Photosynthesis
Plants do not feed themselves
Correct!
Explanation
Photosynthesis or chlorophyll function is a chemical process that consists of converting inorganic matter into organic matter thanks to the energy provided by sunlight. In this process, light energy is transformed into stable chemical energy.
Wrong!
The first number is:
Note it down!
Return to the index
Index
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
Elements!
Search and match the chemical elements with their symbol, and you will get the second digit to claim your reward!
start
1/3
What is the symbol of Sulfur?
1/3
What is the symbol of Sulfur?
Hint:
Correct!
Explanation
Sulfur is a chemical element with atomic number 16, meaning that each iron atom has 16 protons in its atomic nucleus. It is represented by the symbol S and is found in group 16 and period 3 of the periodic table, belonging to the nonmetals group. On Earth, under standard temperature and pressure, it exists in a solid state as part of numerous minerals, but it can also be found in its pure form, particularly in volcanic regions. Sulfur is a very abundant element in the Earth's crust, ranking 16th in the list of the most abundant elements.
2/3
What is the symbol of Uranium?
2/3
What is the symbol of Uranium?
Hint:
Correct!
Explanation
Uranium is a metallic chemical element with a silvery-gray color from the actinide series. Its chemical symbol is U, and its atomic number is 92. Therefore, it has 92 protons and 92 electrons, with a valence of 6. Uranium has the highest atomic weight of all elements found in nature. It is about 70% denser than lead, although less dense than gold or tungsten. It is slightly radioactive. It was discovered as an oxide in 1789 by M. H. Klaproth, who named it in honor of the planet Uranus, which had just been discovered in 1781.
3/3
What is the symbol of Silver?
3/3
What is the symbol of Silver?
Hint:
Correct!
Explanation
Silver is a chemical element with atomic number 47, located in group 11 of the periodic table. Its symbol is Ag (from the Latin argentum, meaning 'white,' 'bright,' or 'shiny'). It is a noble metal, a transition metal, with a shiny white color, soft, ductile, and malleable. In nature, it is found as part of various minerals (usually in the form of sulfides) or as free silver. It is rare in nature, representing one part in a thousand of the Earth's crust. Most of its production is obtained as a byproduct of copper, zinc, lead, and gold mining.
The second number is:
Note it down!
Return to the index
Wrong!
Wrong!
Wrong!
Wrong!
Wrong!
Wrong!
Index
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
True or False
Say whether the statements are correct or not, and you will get the third digit to earn your reward!
START
1/4
Sometimes, fire is used to put out fires
False
True
Correct!
Explanation
"Safe burning", "controlled burning", or "technical fire" is an extinguishing maneuver used in wildfires as a last resort when the flames advance rapidly. Professionals pour liquid fuel and burn specific areas to create a path for the technicians. A part of the land is sacrificed, but it prevents the flames from spreading uncontrollably. A practical example: to prevent fire from crossing a road, the area next to it is burned. This creates a containment wall made of burned points. Of course, it is always under the strict control of the fire-fighting management.
Wrong!
Explanation
"Safe burning", "controlled burning", or "technical fire" is an extinguishing maneuver used in wildfires as a last resort when the flames advance rapidly. Professionals pour liquid fuel and burn specific areas to create a path for the technicians. A part of the land is sacrificed, but it prevents the flames from spreading uncontrollably. A practical example: to prevent fire from crossing a road, the area next to it is burned. This creates a containment wall made of burned points. Of course, it is always under the strict control of the fire-fighting management.
2/4
Carnivorous plants can kill humans
False
True
Correct!
Explanation
None of them have the size or the intention of eating humans. In general, according to the International Carnivorous Plant Society, carnivorous plants feed on spiders, flies, butterflies, small crustaceans, and other insects available in their environment. While looking for flowers to pollinate, these animals get trapped in the plant's filaments and can no longer escape. They can be categorized into three main groups:
- Those that capture and kill their prey.
- Those with a mechanism to facilitate the digestion of their prey.
- Those that gain some benefit from the nutrients absorbed from their prey.
Wrong!
Explanation
None of them have the size or the intention of eating humans. In general, according to the International Carnivorous Plant Society, carnivorous plants feed on spiders, flies, butterflies, small crustaceans, and other insects available in their environment. While looking for flowers to pollinate, these animals get trapped in the plant's filaments and can no longer escape. They can be categorized into three main groups:
- Those that capture and kill their prey.
- Those with a mechanism to facilitate the digestion of their prey.
- Those that gain some benefit from the nutrients absorbed from their prey.
3/4
Water, at a pressure of 1 atmosphere, is liquid between 0 and 200ºC
False
True
Correct!
Explanation
Water is a liquid in the temperature and pressure range most suitable for known forms of life: at a pressure of 1 atmosphere, water is liquid between temperatures of 273.15 K (0 °C) and 373.15 K (100 °C). The values for latent heat—the amount of energy required for a substance to change phase—are 0.334 kJ/g for fusion and 2.23 kJ/g for vaporization, respectively.
Wrong!
Explanation
Water is a liquid in the temperature and pressure range most suitable for known forms of life: at a pressure of 1 atmosphere, water is liquid between temperatures of 273.15 K (0 °C) and 373.15 K (100 °C). The values for latent heat—the amount of energy required for a substance to change phase—are 0.334 kJ/g for fusion and 2.23 kJ/g for vaporization, respectively.
4/4
In outer space, there is no sound
False
True
Correct!
Explanation
In space, no one can hear you scream. This is because there is no air in space—it's a vacuum. Sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum. Outer space begins about 100 km above Earth, where the layer of air surrounding our planet disappears. It’s commonly thought that space is completely empty, but that’s not true. The vast stretches between stars and planets are filled with enormous amounts of gas and dust, scattered almost imperceptibly. Even the emptiest parts of space contain at least a few hundred atoms or molecules per cubic meter. Space is also filled with various forms of radiation that are hazardous to astronauts. Would you like this explanation simplified or turned into an infographic?
Wrong!
Explanation
In space, no one can hear you scream. This is because there is no air in space—it's a vacuum. Sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum. Outer space begins about 100 km above Earth, where the layer of air surrounding our planet disappears. It’s commonly thought that space is completely empty, but that’s not true. The vast stretches between stars and planets are filled with enormous amounts of gas and dust, scattered almost imperceptibly. Even the emptiest parts of space contain at least a few hundred atoms or molecules per cubic meter. Space is also filled with various forms of radiation that are hazardous to astronauts. Would you like this explanation simplified or turned into an infographic?
Wrong!
The third number is:
Note it down!
Return to the index
Index
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
Final test!
¡Let's go! Show what you've learned and earn the third digit of your reward.
start
Order the alkali metals (first column) according to the periodic table
Choose the correct option:
Option 02
Option 01
Option 03
Option 04
Option 05
Correct!
Explanation
Alkali metals are shiny, soft, highly reactive metals under standard temperature and pressure. All known alkali metals are found in nature only as compounds. In order of abundance, sodium is the most abundant, followed by potassium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, and finally francium, which is extremely rare due to its very high radioactivity. Francium occurs only in trace amounts in nature as an intermediate step in obscure side branches of natural decay chains.
Find and select the gas that makes up 78% of the Earth's atmosphere
oxygen
NITROGEN
You can drag the light to search through the darkness
helium
argon
carbon dioxide
Correct!
Explanation
You remembered! Nitrogen is a very common element in the universe; specifically, nitrogen is the seventh most abundant element in the Milky Way and the solar system, and on Earth, it is the most abundant element in its molecular form. Although it had not yet been identified as an element, nitrogen has been used by humans since ancient times. For example, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), historically known as sal ammoniac or ammoniacal salt, was already known to the Romans. Likewise, alchemists referred to nitric acid (HNO3) as aqua fortis, and the mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid (HCl) was known as aqua regia for its ability to dissolve gold and platinum.
What is photosynthesis?
It is the chemical process that plants use to convert inorganic matter into organic matter, thanks to the energy provided by sunlight
It is a physical process in which a liquid changes to a gaseous state
It is a nuclear reaction in which several atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus
Correct!
Explanation
You remembered! Some studies suggest that if only the higher plants disappeared from the face of the Earth, in just 70 days the proportions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would become lethal; animal populations would face two threats: running out of breathable air and food, and oxygen would run out in about 50,000 years. Photosynthesis is the great invention of evolution.
Word search
Elements
Use the pencil to highlight the correct words
Carbon
silver
Helium
oxygen
sulfur
Xenon
CONTINUE
Solución
SOLUTION
Which philosopher formulated the idea of the four elements?
Epicurus
Aristotle
Empedocles of Agrigent
Plato
Correct!
Explanation
You remembered! The theory of the four elements held that all natural beings are composed of a mixture, in varying proportions, of water, air, earth, and fire. This idea, formulated by the natural philosopher and healer Empedocles of Agrigent (495-435 BCE), was the most enduring and influential presocratic theory in history.
The fourth number is:
Note it down!
Return to the index
Wrong!
Index
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
You’ve reached the final step... Enter the password!
Enter the password
Mendeleev's Periodic Law
When elements are arranged according to their atomic weight, they exhibit a clear periodicity in their properties. This is Mendeleev's Periodic Law, which describes how chemical elements are organized in the table that bears his name. The definitive catalog of types of atoms. Dmitri Mendeleev published his periodic table in 1869, placing the elements in groups (columns) and periods (rows) that share certain properties.
For the pre-chemists, the alchemists, the ultimate aspiration was to obtain the philosopher's stone, a compound capable of "flogistating" – turning any element into gold – granting eternal life and all kinds of magical feats. For science, the periodic table would rather be a Rosetta Stone that would help decipher the atomic structure of all the elements in the universe.
In a sense, Mendeleev's law put an end to the most magical aspect of chemistry. Until the time of its publication, each new element was discovered by surprise.
Autotrophic nutrition is the ability of certain organisms to synthesize all the essential substances for their metabolism from inorganic substances, so they do not need other living beings for their nutrition. Autotrophic organisms include plants, algae, and some bacteria and archaea.
Los 4 elementos - Inglés
Diego De La Encina Rodriguez
Created on May 6, 2025
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Transcript
The 4 Elements
You've traveled through time! Your destination is Ancient Greece in the year 450 BCE. You meet Empedocles of Agrigentum—a philosopher and healer—who has a theory: "All of nature is made up of a mixture of four elements." Strange, right? The modern periodic table consists of 118 chemical elements. Complete all the challenges and prove to Empedocles that he is wrong.
Let's go!
Index
Crack the secret code by completing each of the challenges and entering the numbers in order at the end. There's no other way to escape!
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
Introduction
+ info
Index
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
Quizz!
Complete the following quiz and you will get the first digit to earn your reward!
start
1/6
What are the four elements, according to Empedocles of Agrigentum?
Water, earth, fire, and air
Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and argon
Light, ether, alcohol, and magnesium
Electrons, protons, neutrons, and photons
Correct!
Explanation
The theory of the four elements held that all natural beings are composed of a mixture, in varying proportions, of water, air, earth, and fire. This idea, formulated by the natural philosopher and healer Empedocles of Agrigentum (495-435 BCE), was the most enduring and influential presocratic theory in history.
2/6
What is the water molecule?
Correct!
Explanation
Water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O) bonded by a covalent bond. It is a very common substance on Earth and in the solar system, where it is primarily found in the form of vapor or ice. It is essential for the origin and sustenance of life. Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is mainly found in the oceans, where 96.5% of the total is concentrated.
3/6
Was fire discovered or invented?
Discovered
Invented
Correct!
Explanation
It was discovered and domesticated.
The domestication or control of fire was a major step in human evolution. It allowed primitive hominins to cook their food, increasing its energy value due to improved absorption of proteins and carbohydrates, while reducing the energy consumption required for digestion. Some studies report traces of fire use by the genus Homo dating back 1.7 million years.
4/6
Drag and arrange according to the amount of compounds in the air
Oxygen
Water
Noble gases
Nitrogen
continue
solution
Solución
5/6
What do the initials DANA stand for?
Depresión Aislada en Niveles Altos
Día Apacible No Alterado
Desarrollo de Aguacero Nuboso Atmosférico
Desastre Ambiental con Nacimiento Amplio
Correct!
Explanation
The meaning of DANA is Depresión Aislada en Niveles Altos. It was previously known as a cold drop. A DANA is a meteorological phenomenon in the form of a closed upper-level low that has completely detached from the main westerly flow and moves independently of that flow. Cold drops can remain almost stationary for days or, occasionally, move westward, opposite to the prevailing air flow (i.e., retrogression).
6/6
What process do plants use to feed themselves?
Breathing
Ingestion of insects
Photosynthesis
Plants do not feed themselves
Correct!
Explanation
Photosynthesis or chlorophyll function is a chemical process that consists of converting inorganic matter into organic matter thanks to the energy provided by sunlight. In this process, light energy is transformed into stable chemical energy.
Wrong!
The first number is:
Note it down!
Return to the index
Index
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
Elements!
Search and match the chemical elements with their symbol, and you will get the second digit to claim your reward!
start
1/3
What is the symbol of Sulfur?
1/3
What is the symbol of Sulfur?
Hint:
Correct!
Explanation
Sulfur is a chemical element with atomic number 16, meaning that each iron atom has 16 protons in its atomic nucleus. It is represented by the symbol S and is found in group 16 and period 3 of the periodic table, belonging to the nonmetals group. On Earth, under standard temperature and pressure, it exists in a solid state as part of numerous minerals, but it can also be found in its pure form, particularly in volcanic regions. Sulfur is a very abundant element in the Earth's crust, ranking 16th in the list of the most abundant elements.
2/3
What is the symbol of Uranium?
2/3
What is the symbol of Uranium?
Hint:
Correct!
Explanation
Uranium is a metallic chemical element with a silvery-gray color from the actinide series. Its chemical symbol is U, and its atomic number is 92. Therefore, it has 92 protons and 92 electrons, with a valence of 6. Uranium has the highest atomic weight of all elements found in nature. It is about 70% denser than lead, although less dense than gold or tungsten. It is slightly radioactive. It was discovered as an oxide in 1789 by M. H. Klaproth, who named it in honor of the planet Uranus, which had just been discovered in 1781.
3/3
What is the symbol of Silver?
3/3
What is the symbol of Silver?
Hint:
Correct!
Explanation
Silver is a chemical element with atomic number 47, located in group 11 of the periodic table. Its symbol is Ag (from the Latin argentum, meaning 'white,' 'bright,' or 'shiny'). It is a noble metal, a transition metal, with a shiny white color, soft, ductile, and malleable. In nature, it is found as part of various minerals (usually in the form of sulfides) or as free silver. It is rare in nature, representing one part in a thousand of the Earth's crust. Most of its production is obtained as a byproduct of copper, zinc, lead, and gold mining.
The second number is:
Note it down!
Return to the index
Wrong!
Wrong!
Wrong!
Wrong!
Wrong!
Wrong!
Index
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
True or False
Say whether the statements are correct or not, and you will get the third digit to earn your reward!
START
1/4
Sometimes, fire is used to put out fires
False
True
Correct!
Explanation
"Safe burning", "controlled burning", or "technical fire" is an extinguishing maneuver used in wildfires as a last resort when the flames advance rapidly. Professionals pour liquid fuel and burn specific areas to create a path for the technicians. A part of the land is sacrificed, but it prevents the flames from spreading uncontrollably. A practical example: to prevent fire from crossing a road, the area next to it is burned. This creates a containment wall made of burned points. Of course, it is always under the strict control of the fire-fighting management.
Wrong!
Explanation
"Safe burning", "controlled burning", or "technical fire" is an extinguishing maneuver used in wildfires as a last resort when the flames advance rapidly. Professionals pour liquid fuel and burn specific areas to create a path for the technicians. A part of the land is sacrificed, but it prevents the flames from spreading uncontrollably. A practical example: to prevent fire from crossing a road, the area next to it is burned. This creates a containment wall made of burned points. Of course, it is always under the strict control of the fire-fighting management.
2/4
Carnivorous plants can kill humans
False
True
Correct!
Explanation
None of them have the size or the intention of eating humans. In general, according to the International Carnivorous Plant Society, carnivorous plants feed on spiders, flies, butterflies, small crustaceans, and other insects available in their environment. While looking for flowers to pollinate, these animals get trapped in the plant's filaments and can no longer escape. They can be categorized into three main groups:
Wrong!
Explanation
None of them have the size or the intention of eating humans. In general, according to the International Carnivorous Plant Society, carnivorous plants feed on spiders, flies, butterflies, small crustaceans, and other insects available in their environment. While looking for flowers to pollinate, these animals get trapped in the plant's filaments and can no longer escape. They can be categorized into three main groups:
3/4
Water, at a pressure of 1 atmosphere, is liquid between 0 and 200ºC
False
True
Correct!
Explanation
Water is a liquid in the temperature and pressure range most suitable for known forms of life: at a pressure of 1 atmosphere, water is liquid between temperatures of 273.15 K (0 °C) and 373.15 K (100 °C). The values for latent heat—the amount of energy required for a substance to change phase—are 0.334 kJ/g for fusion and 2.23 kJ/g for vaporization, respectively.
Wrong!
Explanation
Water is a liquid in the temperature and pressure range most suitable for known forms of life: at a pressure of 1 atmosphere, water is liquid between temperatures of 273.15 K (0 °C) and 373.15 K (100 °C). The values for latent heat—the amount of energy required for a substance to change phase—are 0.334 kJ/g for fusion and 2.23 kJ/g for vaporization, respectively.
4/4
In outer space, there is no sound
False
True
Correct!
Explanation
In space, no one can hear you scream. This is because there is no air in space—it's a vacuum. Sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum. Outer space begins about 100 km above Earth, where the layer of air surrounding our planet disappears. It’s commonly thought that space is completely empty, but that’s not true. The vast stretches between stars and planets are filled with enormous amounts of gas and dust, scattered almost imperceptibly. Even the emptiest parts of space contain at least a few hundred atoms or molecules per cubic meter. Space is also filled with various forms of radiation that are hazardous to astronauts. Would you like this explanation simplified or turned into an infographic?
Wrong!
Explanation
In space, no one can hear you scream. This is because there is no air in space—it's a vacuum. Sound waves cannot travel through a vacuum. Outer space begins about 100 km above Earth, where the layer of air surrounding our planet disappears. It’s commonly thought that space is completely empty, but that’s not true. The vast stretches between stars and planets are filled with enormous amounts of gas and dust, scattered almost imperceptibly. Even the emptiest parts of space contain at least a few hundred atoms or molecules per cubic meter. Space is also filled with various forms of radiation that are hazardous to astronauts. Would you like this explanation simplified or turned into an infographic?
Wrong!
The third number is:
Note it down!
Return to the index
Index
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
Final test!
¡Let's go! Show what you've learned and earn the third digit of your reward.
start
Order the alkali metals (first column) according to the periodic table
Choose the correct option:
Option 02
Option 01
Option 03
Option 04
Option 05
Correct!
Explanation
Alkali metals are shiny, soft, highly reactive metals under standard temperature and pressure. All known alkali metals are found in nature only as compounds. In order of abundance, sodium is the most abundant, followed by potassium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, and finally francium, which is extremely rare due to its very high radioactivity. Francium occurs only in trace amounts in nature as an intermediate step in obscure side branches of natural decay chains.
Find and select the gas that makes up 78% of the Earth's atmosphere
oxygen
NITROGEN
You can drag the light to search through the darkness
helium
argon
carbon dioxide
Correct!
Explanation
You remembered! Nitrogen is a very common element in the universe; specifically, nitrogen is the seventh most abundant element in the Milky Way and the solar system, and on Earth, it is the most abundant element in its molecular form. Although it had not yet been identified as an element, nitrogen has been used by humans since ancient times. For example, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), historically known as sal ammoniac or ammoniacal salt, was already known to the Romans. Likewise, alchemists referred to nitric acid (HNO3) as aqua fortis, and the mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid (HCl) was known as aqua regia for its ability to dissolve gold and platinum.
What is photosynthesis?
It is the chemical process that plants use to convert inorganic matter into organic matter, thanks to the energy provided by sunlight
It is a physical process in which a liquid changes to a gaseous state
It is a nuclear reaction in which several atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus
Correct!
Explanation
You remembered! Some studies suggest that if only the higher plants disappeared from the face of the Earth, in just 70 days the proportions of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere would become lethal; animal populations would face two threats: running out of breathable air and food, and oxygen would run out in about 50,000 years. Photosynthesis is the great invention of evolution.
Word search
Elements
Use the pencil to highlight the correct words
Carbon
silver
Helium
oxygen
sulfur
Xenon
CONTINUE
Solución
SOLUTION
Which philosopher formulated the idea of the four elements?
Epicurus
Aristotle
Empedocles of Agrigent
Plato
Correct!
Explanation
You remembered! The theory of the four elements held that all natural beings are composed of a mixture, in varying proportions, of water, air, earth, and fire. This idea, formulated by the natural philosopher and healer Empedocles of Agrigent (495-435 BCE), was the most enduring and influential presocratic theory in history.
The fourth number is:
Note it down!
Return to the index
Wrong!
Index
Introduction
01 Quizz
02 Elements!
03 True or False
04 Final test
Reward
You’ve reached the final step... Enter the password!
Enter the password
Mendeleev's Periodic Law
When elements are arranged according to their atomic weight, they exhibit a clear periodicity in their properties. This is Mendeleev's Periodic Law, which describes how chemical elements are organized in the table that bears his name. The definitive catalog of types of atoms. Dmitri Mendeleev published his periodic table in 1869, placing the elements in groups (columns) and periods (rows) that share certain properties.
For the pre-chemists, the alchemists, the ultimate aspiration was to obtain the philosopher's stone, a compound capable of "flogistating" – turning any element into gold – granting eternal life and all kinds of magical feats. For science, the periodic table would rather be a Rosetta Stone that would help decipher the atomic structure of all the elements in the universe.
In a sense, Mendeleev's law put an end to the most magical aspect of chemistry. Until the time of its publication, each new element was discovered by surprise.
Autotrophic nutrition is the ability of certain organisms to synthesize all the essential substances for their metabolism from inorganic substances, so they do not need other living beings for their nutrition. Autotrophic organisms include plants, algae, and some bacteria and archaea.