Gender Pension Gap
Jobs affected by AI
Learn about ...
show as full screen
Relationship Recession
back
Who works part-time?
In part, this can be explained by lower wages in jobs more often done by women. But not fully. The other factor is part-time work.
Why's that?
Pension gap in the EU
In the EU, on average, women receive
29%
less than men
Who gives informal care?
An important reason why part-time employment is much more common with women is that women give more informal care.Informal care is unpaid care for relatives, spouses, or friends.
women
70%
Those who give informal care have a higher risk of old age poverty.
Now what?
Read about the "Employment Dilemma"
Sources
back
... some factors lower the risk of automation: human contact, decision-making, dexterity.Meanwhile, highly repetitive tasks can increase it.
Learn more?
...then assess a general risk of automation for each level, based on some economic assumptions.
Lower risk
Lower risk
Higher risk
New machinery and artificial intelligence will change certain jobs. Which ones?
Lower-skilled
e.g. housekeepers, delivery, farm work, construction
No prior training or extensive experience required
Medium-skilled
e.g. travel agents, bank clerks, graphic designers, security
Upper or post-secondary education, experience helps
e.g. doctors, NGO directors, engineers, researchers, lawyers
Higher-skilled
Tertiary education. High expertise required
To find out, one can first categorise by skill level...
1. High-skill jobs are impractical to automate as they require specialised knowledge. 2. To automate low-skill tasks is often not cost-effective. 3. So Medium-skill jobs are most at risk.
But ...!
Read"How robots will change our jobs"
Sources
back
... while of those with basic education, half are single - with a large gender disparity.
Of the young Finnish people with higher education, about a quarter was single, with a slight gender disparity, ...
women men
Now what?
One can see from this that resources correlate with partnership. Young men with a basic education level were most likely to be single.
In 2024, Finnish researchers asked people aged between 18 and 45 about their relationship status. Here's what they noticed.
t ium education
More on the "Relationship Recession"
with mdium education
Sources
Source
Click to see original study
The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? by Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael A. Osborne, 2017 (Technological Forecasting and Social Change)
Part-time employment rate, age-group 20-64, percentage of total employment, 2023 (Eurostat)
npaid informal carers aged 50–64, estimate based on results from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (WHO)
Gender pension gap by age group, 2019, 65 years or over (Eurostat)
Data Sources
Click to see original datasets
Gender pension gap by age group, 2019, 65 years or over (Eurostat)
Part-time employment rate, age-group 20-64, percentage of total employment, 2023 (Eurostat)
Unpaid informal carers aged 50–64, estimate based on results from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (WHO)
At-risk-of-poverty rate by poverty threshold and most frequent activity in the previous year (Eurostat)
Data Source
Click to see original datasets
All data are from the Finnish Family Barometer survey 2024, by Tiia Sorsa, Susanna Kuokkanen, Noora Lehtonen & Venla Berg
Family Barometer data have been collected since 1997, most of the data are available for research through the Finnish Social Science Data Archive.
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Transcript
Gender Pension Gap
Jobs affected by AI
Learn about ...
show as full screen
Relationship Recession
back
Who works part-time?
In part, this can be explained by lower wages in jobs more often done by women. But not fully. The other factor is part-time work.
Why's that?
Pension gap in the EU
In the EU, on average, women receive
29%
less than men
Who gives informal care?
An important reason why part-time employment is much more common with women is that women give more informal care.Informal care is unpaid care for relatives, spouses, or friends.
women
70%
Those who give informal care have a higher risk of old age poverty.
Now what?
Read about the "Employment Dilemma"
Sources
back
... some factors lower the risk of automation: human contact, decision-making, dexterity.Meanwhile, highly repetitive tasks can increase it.
Learn more?
...then assess a general risk of automation for each level, based on some economic assumptions.
Lower risk
Lower risk
Higher risk
New machinery and artificial intelligence will change certain jobs. Which ones?
Lower-skilled
e.g. housekeepers, delivery, farm work, construction
No prior training or extensive experience required
Medium-skilled
e.g. travel agents, bank clerks, graphic designers, security
Upper or post-secondary education, experience helps
e.g. doctors, NGO directors, engineers, researchers, lawyers
Higher-skilled
Tertiary education. High expertise required
To find out, one can first categorise by skill level...
1. High-skill jobs are impractical to automate as they require specialised knowledge. 2. To automate low-skill tasks is often not cost-effective. 3. So Medium-skill jobs are most at risk.
But ...!
Read"How robots will change our jobs"
Sources
back
... while of those with basic education, half are single - with a large gender disparity.
Of the young Finnish people with higher education, about a quarter was single, with a slight gender disparity, ...
women men
Now what?
One can see from this that resources correlate with partnership. Young men with a basic education level were most likely to be single.
In 2024, Finnish researchers asked people aged between 18 and 45 about their relationship status. Here's what they noticed.
t ium education
More on the "Relationship Recession"
with mdium education
Sources
Source
Click to see original study
The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? by Frey, Carl Benedikt and Michael A. Osborne, 2017 (Technological Forecasting and Social Change)
Part-time employment rate, age-group 20-64, percentage of total employment, 2023 (Eurostat)
npaid informal carers aged 50–64, estimate based on results from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (WHO)
Gender pension gap by age group, 2019, 65 years or over (Eurostat)
Data Sources
Click to see original datasets
Gender pension gap by age group, 2019, 65 years or over (Eurostat)
Part-time employment rate, age-group 20-64, percentage of total employment, 2023 (Eurostat)
Unpaid informal carers aged 50–64, estimate based on results from Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (WHO)
At-risk-of-poverty rate by poverty threshold and most frequent activity in the previous year (Eurostat)
Data Source
Click to see original datasets
All data are from the Finnish Family Barometer survey 2024, by Tiia Sorsa, Susanna Kuokkanen, Noora Lehtonen & Venla Berg
Family Barometer data have been collected since 1997, most of the data are available for research through the Finnish Social Science Data Archive.