VENOSA
SANT'ILARIO
Sant'Ilario is a town in Benevento, famous for the Church of Sant'Ilario, dedicated to Saint Hilary of Poitiers, a 4th-century theologian. The church, dating back to the Middle Ages, was an important religious and cultural center for the city. Benevento, historically under Roman, Lombard and Norman rule, has always had a strong Christian tradition, with Sant'Ilario representing a spiritual point of reference. Today, the church is a symbol of the city's religious history.
ROCCA DEI RETTORI
The Rocca dei Rettori is also known as the Castle of Manfredi or the Castle of Benevento. It was founded on a previous Lombard palace, built by Duke Arechi II starting in 871. This palace hosted several popes before being destroyed, the last of whom was Pope Gregory X in 1272. The fortress played a central role in the control of the city and its lands. Today the Rocca dei Rettori houses the Museum of Sannio, which exhibits archaeological and historical finds related to the city and its region. The structure is a symbol of the medieval history of Benevento and offers a panoramic view of the city.
CATHEDRAL OF BENEVENTO
CATHEDRAL OF S.MARIA ASSUNTA
The Cathedral of Benevento, officially called the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta, is one of the main places of worship in the city. It is located in the heart of the historic center of Benevento and is dedicated to the Madonna Assunta, it was almost completely destroyed by bombing in the Second World War and rebuilt later. The construction dates back to the Lombard era: the building was built in the 7th century on an ancient Roman temple, however it underwent many expansions and renovations with the intent of adapting it to the liturgical changes and needs of the city. The cathedral is also a place of great historical and cultural value, witness to the various historical phases that have marked the city of Benevento, from its Lombard origins to modernity.
CHURCH OF ST. SOFIA
The Church of Santa Sofia in Benevento is one of the most significant monuments of the city, a symbol of the medieval period and a witness to the religious and architectural history of the region.
It was built in 760 AD, during the reign of the Lombard Duchy of Benevento. Its foundation is linked to the figure of Duke Arechi II, who named the temple after Santa Sofia, or Holy Wisdom, similar to the basilica of Constantinople inaugurated by Emperor Justinian I in the year 527. In the 9th century, a monastery was also annexed, which became an important cultural and religious center; the church also became a burial place for some members of the ducal family.
In 1980, it was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its historical and architectural importance. Today, the church is an important symbol of the rich history of Benevento and a testimony to the presence of the Lombards in Italy.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK OF MIRABELLA AECLANUM
Aeclanum was a Roman city located near the current Passo district of the Italian municipality of Mirabella Eclano, in the province of Avellino. Archaeological excavations conducted during the 20th century have allowed the remains of the Roman city to be found. The site overlooks the Via Appia and the remains of the imposing bridge, known as the "Ponte Rotto", are still visible. The archaeological park is linked to the events of Aeclanum founded by the Samnite tribe of Irpini. Today, within the archaeological park, in an area of about 18 hectares, the remains of the Roman city are preserved: the public baths, the market square, some houses and shops. Finally, the construction of the early Christian basilica also dates back to the late ancient age, the remains of which still visible date back to the age of Emperor Justinian and suggest the presence of a baptismal font with a Greek cross plan and steps for the immersion rite.
APPIANOBRIDGE
Appiano Bridge was built along the Via Appia, the Regina Viarum, the most important road in the Roman world that connected Rome to Brindisi. The Appiano Bridge and its remains are shared by five municipalities. The broken bridge was built along the Via Appia, the Regina Viarum, the most important road in the Roman world that connected Rome to Brindisi. The Appiano Bridge and its remains are shared by five municipalities: two in the Province of Benevento (Apice and Calvi) and three in the province of Avellino (Bonito, Mirabella Eclano and Venticano). The Appiano Bridge, also known as the "Broken Bridge", allowed the continuation along the Via Appia, crossed on the border of the two provinces of Campania by the Calore river. The work, dating back to the Roman era, covers a chronological span from the 1st century BC to the 7th century AD. From a careful examination of the same and its remains it is possible to identify at least four different building techniques, attributable to as many historical phases. It is thought that the bridge was originally built of wood and that in Roman times it was covered in masonry.
The House of Orazio
Among the attraction that cannot be missed during a visit to the village of Venosa, it is
necessary to mention the house of Quinto Orazio Flacco, one of the greatest Latin poets,
cited in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, who was born here more than two thousand years
ago. The house is a site dating back to the 1st century AD, a small building part of an
ancient patrician house consisting of several thermal rooms, including a calidarium, a round
room intended for bathing in hot water, and an adjacent rectangular room. The external
façade has the typical features of Roman architecture covered in bricks, while to the left of
the entrance it is possible to admire the remains of a sculpture set in the wall.
It is composed of two rooms: a covered circular plan and the other rectangular plan without a
roof. The external wall facing shows remains of opus reticulatum and opus latericium.
Under the paving of the small road that leads to the building, a mosaic pavement depicting a
mythological sea monster came to light.
The archaeological park of Venosa
The archaeological park includes several important Roman remains and monuments dating
back to various historical periods, from the Roman period to the Middle Ages. The most
interesting elements are undoubtedly the thermal baths and the amphitheater; the thermal
complex is composed of several rooms, with mosaic floors depicting geometric motifs of
marine animals. There are many testimonies of private domus and a double structure that
includes two churches dating back to the Norman era and the first, with a basilica plan with
three naves, preserves inside traces of the floor of the previous early Christian basilica in
turn built on a pagan temple. Adjacent to this we can admire what we know today as the
"Unfinished Church". This complex dates back to the 13th century, with a Latin cross
perimeter and surrounded by well-preserved walls, with two arches inside, five Corinthian
columns and a load-bearing pillar. The work as we see it today is the result of an unfinished
job due to the probable lack of funds, and a clear example is the part of the facade and the
baptistery.
ARCH OF TRAJAN
The Arch of Trajan in Benevento is a majestic triumphal arch built in honor of the Emperor Trajan, probably between 114 and 117 AD, to celebrate his victories in the Dacian Wars. Located at the entrance to the city, the arch is one of the most important Roman monuments surviving in Italy. The arch, in classical style and made of white marble, is decorated with elegant bas-reliefs that tell scenes of Trajan's victories. Its four Corinthian columns support the structure, and it is enriched with depictions of the wars and life of the emperor. The Arch of Trajan not only celebrates the emperor, but also testifies to the importance of Benevento in the Roman Empire, as a strategic transit city for the Roman legions. Today it is one of the main historical and tourist landmarks of the city.
The Tomb of Marcellus
The Tomb of Marcellus in Venosa is traditionally associated with the young Marcellus, son of
Marcus Claudius Marcellus and nephew of Octavian Augustus, was a young patrician who,
like the Marcellus of Rome, died prematurely, and in his honor this monumental tomb was
erected.
In the case of Venosa, the Tomb of Marcellus could also refer to a funerary monument linked
to the Claudian family or to another exponent of the Roman nobility who had a connection
with the city. Although not all the circumstances of its construction are clear, the monument
fits into the context of the funerary monuments that were common in Roman times. The
tomb presents typical characteristics of Roman funerary architecture, such as a mausoleum
or a cylindrical or rectangular structure, which in the past would have been decorated with
sculptural elements or inscriptions. This monument lies in the fact that it represented a sign
of honor and prestige, reserved for members of noble or high-ranking families as in the case
of Marcellus.
Aragonese Castel
Built between 1460 and 1470 by order of Duke Pirro del Balzo, on the remains of an ancient
Romanesque cathedral, the Castello del Balzo or Aragonese Castle, is an imposing
presence in the village of Venosa.
You can immediately notice the four imposing towers placed at the vertices of the
quadrangular plan, delimiting the deep perimeter moat and the internal courtyard. It is, in
fact, a particularly large and massive building that dominates the village and the other
monuments that form the backdrop
Inside it is home to the National Archaeological Museum named after Mario Torelli which
collects the pre-Roman, Roman and early medieval history of the city.
LEPROSO BRIDGE
The Ponte Leproso of Benevento is an ancient Roman bridge that crosses the Calore River, located just outside the city. Its construction dates back to the 1st century AD, during the era of the Roman Empire, and represents one of the most significant monuments of antiquity in the city. The bridge is called "Leproso" due to a popular legend that associates it with a story related to leprosy, but the origin of the name is uncertain. The bridge is composed of seven arches, and was used in the past for the passage of carts and pedestrians. Today, despite having been damaged over the centuries by natural events and human intervention, the Ponte Leproso remains a fascinating testimony to Roman engineering and a historical symbol of the city of Benevento.
BENEVENTO
Copia - Via Appia Stefano
Amelia Rossetti
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Transcript
VENOSA
SANT'ILARIO
Sant'Ilario is a town in Benevento, famous for the Church of Sant'Ilario, dedicated to Saint Hilary of Poitiers, a 4th-century theologian. The church, dating back to the Middle Ages, was an important religious and cultural center for the city. Benevento, historically under Roman, Lombard and Norman rule, has always had a strong Christian tradition, with Sant'Ilario representing a spiritual point of reference. Today, the church is a symbol of the city's religious history.
ROCCA DEI RETTORI
The Rocca dei Rettori is also known as the Castle of Manfredi or the Castle of Benevento. It was founded on a previous Lombard palace, built by Duke Arechi II starting in 871. This palace hosted several popes before being destroyed, the last of whom was Pope Gregory X in 1272. The fortress played a central role in the control of the city and its lands. Today the Rocca dei Rettori houses the Museum of Sannio, which exhibits archaeological and historical finds related to the city and its region. The structure is a symbol of the medieval history of Benevento and offers a panoramic view of the city.
CATHEDRAL OF BENEVENTO
CATHEDRAL OF S.MARIA ASSUNTA
The Cathedral of Benevento, officially called the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta, is one of the main places of worship in the city. It is located in the heart of the historic center of Benevento and is dedicated to the Madonna Assunta, it was almost completely destroyed by bombing in the Second World War and rebuilt later. The construction dates back to the Lombard era: the building was built in the 7th century on an ancient Roman temple, however it underwent many expansions and renovations with the intent of adapting it to the liturgical changes and needs of the city. The cathedral is also a place of great historical and cultural value, witness to the various historical phases that have marked the city of Benevento, from its Lombard origins to modernity.
CHURCH OF ST. SOFIA
The Church of Santa Sofia in Benevento is one of the most significant monuments of the city, a symbol of the medieval period and a witness to the religious and architectural history of the region. It was built in 760 AD, during the reign of the Lombard Duchy of Benevento. Its foundation is linked to the figure of Duke Arechi II, who named the temple after Santa Sofia, or Holy Wisdom, similar to the basilica of Constantinople inaugurated by Emperor Justinian I in the year 527. In the 9th century, a monastery was also annexed, which became an important cultural and religious center; the church also became a burial place for some members of the ducal family. In 1980, it was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site for its historical and architectural importance. Today, the church is an important symbol of the rich history of Benevento and a testimony to the presence of the Lombards in Italy.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL PARK OF MIRABELLA AECLANUM
Aeclanum was a Roman city located near the current Passo district of the Italian municipality of Mirabella Eclano, in the province of Avellino. Archaeological excavations conducted during the 20th century have allowed the remains of the Roman city to be found. The site overlooks the Via Appia and the remains of the imposing bridge, known as the "Ponte Rotto", are still visible. The archaeological park is linked to the events of Aeclanum founded by the Samnite tribe of Irpini. Today, within the archaeological park, in an area of about 18 hectares, the remains of the Roman city are preserved: the public baths, the market square, some houses and shops. Finally, the construction of the early Christian basilica also dates back to the late ancient age, the remains of which still visible date back to the age of Emperor Justinian and suggest the presence of a baptismal font with a Greek cross plan and steps for the immersion rite.
APPIANOBRIDGE
Appiano Bridge was built along the Via Appia, the Regina Viarum, the most important road in the Roman world that connected Rome to Brindisi. The Appiano Bridge and its remains are shared by five municipalities. The broken bridge was built along the Via Appia, the Regina Viarum, the most important road in the Roman world that connected Rome to Brindisi. The Appiano Bridge and its remains are shared by five municipalities: two in the Province of Benevento (Apice and Calvi) and three in the province of Avellino (Bonito, Mirabella Eclano and Venticano). The Appiano Bridge, also known as the "Broken Bridge", allowed the continuation along the Via Appia, crossed on the border of the two provinces of Campania by the Calore river. The work, dating back to the Roman era, covers a chronological span from the 1st century BC to the 7th century AD. From a careful examination of the same and its remains it is possible to identify at least four different building techniques, attributable to as many historical phases. It is thought that the bridge was originally built of wood and that in Roman times it was covered in masonry.
The House of Orazio
Among the attraction that cannot be missed during a visit to the village of Venosa, it is necessary to mention the house of Quinto Orazio Flacco, one of the greatest Latin poets, cited in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, who was born here more than two thousand years ago. The house is a site dating back to the 1st century AD, a small building part of an ancient patrician house consisting of several thermal rooms, including a calidarium, a round room intended for bathing in hot water, and an adjacent rectangular room. The external façade has the typical features of Roman architecture covered in bricks, while to the left of the entrance it is possible to admire the remains of a sculpture set in the wall. It is composed of two rooms: a covered circular plan and the other rectangular plan without a roof. The external wall facing shows remains of opus reticulatum and opus latericium. Under the paving of the small road that leads to the building, a mosaic pavement depicting a mythological sea monster came to light.
The archaeological park of Venosa
The archaeological park includes several important Roman remains and monuments dating back to various historical periods, from the Roman period to the Middle Ages. The most interesting elements are undoubtedly the thermal baths and the amphitheater; the thermal complex is composed of several rooms, with mosaic floors depicting geometric motifs of marine animals. There are many testimonies of private domus and a double structure that includes two churches dating back to the Norman era and the first, with a basilica plan with three naves, preserves inside traces of the floor of the previous early Christian basilica in turn built on a pagan temple. Adjacent to this we can admire what we know today as the "Unfinished Church". This complex dates back to the 13th century, with a Latin cross perimeter and surrounded by well-preserved walls, with two arches inside, five Corinthian columns and a load-bearing pillar. The work as we see it today is the result of an unfinished job due to the probable lack of funds, and a clear example is the part of the facade and the baptistery.
ARCH OF TRAJAN
The Arch of Trajan in Benevento is a majestic triumphal arch built in honor of the Emperor Trajan, probably between 114 and 117 AD, to celebrate his victories in the Dacian Wars. Located at the entrance to the city, the arch is one of the most important Roman monuments surviving in Italy. The arch, in classical style and made of white marble, is decorated with elegant bas-reliefs that tell scenes of Trajan's victories. Its four Corinthian columns support the structure, and it is enriched with depictions of the wars and life of the emperor. The Arch of Trajan not only celebrates the emperor, but also testifies to the importance of Benevento in the Roman Empire, as a strategic transit city for the Roman legions. Today it is one of the main historical and tourist landmarks of the city.
The Tomb of Marcellus
The Tomb of Marcellus in Venosa is traditionally associated with the young Marcellus, son of Marcus Claudius Marcellus and nephew of Octavian Augustus, was a young patrician who, like the Marcellus of Rome, died prematurely, and in his honor this monumental tomb was erected. In the case of Venosa, the Tomb of Marcellus could also refer to a funerary monument linked to the Claudian family or to another exponent of the Roman nobility who had a connection with the city. Although not all the circumstances of its construction are clear, the monument fits into the context of the funerary monuments that were common in Roman times. The tomb presents typical characteristics of Roman funerary architecture, such as a mausoleum or a cylindrical or rectangular structure, which in the past would have been decorated with sculptural elements or inscriptions. This monument lies in the fact that it represented a sign of honor and prestige, reserved for members of noble or high-ranking families as in the case of Marcellus.
Aragonese Castel
Built between 1460 and 1470 by order of Duke Pirro del Balzo, on the remains of an ancient Romanesque cathedral, the Castello del Balzo or Aragonese Castle, is an imposing presence in the village of Venosa. You can immediately notice the four imposing towers placed at the vertices of the quadrangular plan, delimiting the deep perimeter moat and the internal courtyard. It is, in fact, a particularly large and massive building that dominates the village and the other monuments that form the backdrop Inside it is home to the National Archaeological Museum named after Mario Torelli which collects the pre-Roman, Roman and early medieval history of the city.
LEPROSO BRIDGE
The Ponte Leproso of Benevento is an ancient Roman bridge that crosses the Calore River, located just outside the city. Its construction dates back to the 1st century AD, during the era of the Roman Empire, and represents one of the most significant monuments of antiquity in the city. The bridge is called "Leproso" due to a popular legend that associates it with a story related to leprosy, but the origin of the name is uncertain. The bridge is composed of seven arches, and was used in the past for the passage of carts and pedestrians. Today, despite having been damaged over the centuries by natural events and human intervention, the Ponte Leproso remains a fascinating testimony to Roman engineering and a historical symbol of the city of Benevento.
BENEVENTO