Components of Motherboard and Their Functions

Components of Motherboard and Their Functions

Computer Architecture Teacher: Gabriel González López

Presented by: Raquel Garibaldo Hernández Computer System Engineering

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Introducction

Motherboard

Components of Motherboard and Their Functions

Content

Conclusion

Introduction

The motherboard is the central part of a computer that connects and powers all its key components. It enables communication between parts like the CPU, RAM, and storage, while allowing for upgrades and improved functionality.

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motherboard

A motherboard is the main part of a computer that connects all its important pieces together. It helps the computer work: Giving power to different parts Moving information between them Add new parts like a graphics card or network card. Older computers needed extra cards for video and storage, but modern motherboards handle more functions themselves. Today, they include built-in parts like the CPU, RAM, cooling systems, and slots for upgrades.

Modern motherboards combine essential parts like the CPU and RAM, reducing the need for extra expansion cards.

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Components of Motherboard and Their Functions

BIOS Chip

CMOS Chip

Power Supply Connectors

Keyboard and mouse connectors

Chipsets

Onboard disk drive connectors

Processor Sockets or Slots

Peripheral ports and connectors

Memory Slots and External Cache

Jumpers and DIP switches

Expansion Slots

Case fan and Heat sink

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Components of Motherboard and Their Functions

BIOS Chip

CMOS Chip

Power Supply Connectors

Keyboard and mouse connectors

Chipsets

Onboard disk drive connectors

Processor Sockets or Slots

Peripheral ports and connectors

Memory Slots and External Cache

Jumpers and DIP switches

Expansion Slots

Case fan and Heat sink

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Processor Sockets or Slots

The CPU, or processor, is like the brain of the computer, handling most calculations and tasks. It’s easy to spot on the motherboard and is placed in a socket or slot, depending on its design. The CPU socket is flat and has many tiny holes (or pins) arranged in rows and columns to hold the processor securely. Most CPU sockets use pin grid array (PGA) architecture, where the processor’s pins fit into the socket with zero insertion force (ZIF) to prevent damage. Intel created the first standard socket, Socket 1, and its successors, while newer processors now use advanced sockets like LGA1200 for compatibility.

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Processor Sockets or Slots

The CPU, or processor, is like the brain of the computer, handling most calculations and tasks. It’s easy to spot on the motherboard and is placed in a socket or slot, depending on its design. The CPU socket is flat and has many tiny holes (or pins) arranged in rows and columns to hold the processor securely. Most CPU sockets use pin grid array (PGA) architecture, where the processor’s pins fit into the socket with zero insertion force (ZIF) to prevent damage. Intel created the first standard socket, Socket 1, and its successors, while newer processors now use advanced sockets like LGA1200 for compatibility.

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Memory Slots

Memory slots on a computer's motherboard hold RAM, which stores data temporarily while the computer runs. They are long and placed close together, and the number of slots decides how much RAM can be added, though their look is similar across motherboards.

DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module)

DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module)

Most motherboards today have DIMM (Dual In-line Memory Module) slots, which hold memory chips (DRAM) to store data temporarily while the computer is running. These slots are used in devices like PCs, lap28 tops, printers, and servers, and come in different sizes and speeds, with laptop DIMMs being smaller than those for PCs.

Tema 1. DIMM

Tema 2. SO-DIMM or small outline DIMM

Tema 3. MiniDIMM and MicroDIMM

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Conclusion

Modern motherboards integrate essential components, reducing the need for extra cards, and continue to evolve, enhancing the performance and capabilities of computer systems.

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BIOS Chip

The BIOS chip is an important part of the motherboard that helps the computer start up by storing instructions for the processor to communicate with other parts . When the computer is turned on, the BIOS runs these instructions to test hardware, set up the system, and load the operating system in a process called booting up.

Chipsets

A chipset is a group of semiconductor circuits on the motherboard that controls memory, buses, and peripheral devices while working with the CPU. Its compatibility with the processor affects performance, memory type, and expansion options, with its functions split into Northbridge and Southbridge.

Components of Motherboard and Their Functions

• 144-pin, used for SDR SDRAM • 200-pin, used for DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM • 204-pin, used for DDR3 SDRAM • 260-pin, used for DDR4 SDRAM • 260-pin, with different notch position, used for either DDR3 or DDR4 SDRAM • 262-pin, used for DDR5 SDRAM

SO-DIMM or small outline DIMM

Keyboard and mouse connectors

Peripheral ports and connectors

MiniDIMM • 244-pin, used for DDR2 SDRAM MicroDIMM • 172-pin, used for DDR SDRAM • 214-pin, used for DDR2 SDRAM

MiniDIMM and MicroDIMM

Info

Power Supply Connectors

types of power supply connectors

• 24-pin ATX power connector • 4/8-pin CPU power connector • PCIe power connector • SATA power connector • Molex power connector • Fan power connector

Power supply connectors are important parts of a computer that distribute power to its components. The main connector, usually white and rectangular, converts electricity from AC to DC, providing different voltages for various parts, and includes types like ATX, PCIe, SATA, and fan connectors.

Marzo

Case fan and Heat sink

Jumpers and DIP switches

Onboard disk drive connectors

Cooling Systems

CMOS Chip

Electronic components in a computer produce heat, and keeping them cool helps them work better and prevents damage. To remove heat, computers use a case fan to increase airflow and a heat sink to draw heat away from the processor, often with another fan on top to cool the CPU further.

The CMOS chip is a special memory chip that saves computer settings, like the date and time, even when the computer is off. It gets power from a small battery on the motherboard and is also used in circuits for cameras, data conversion, and communication devices.

DIMM

• • 100-pin, used for printer SDRAM
• • 168-pin, used for SDRAM, FPM, EDO
• • 184-pin, used for DDR SDRAM
• • 200-pin, used for DRAM in some Sun workstations and servers.
• • 240-pin, used for DDR2 SDRAM, and DDR3 SDRAM
• • 240-pin, used for FB-DIMM
• • 278-pin, used for HP high density SDRAM.
• • 288-pin, used for DDR4 SDRAM and DDR5 SDRAM

PCI slots on a motherboard let you add expansion cards to improve your computer's performance and capabilities. These white, 3-inch-long slots connect devices like graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, and more, making your computer more powerful and versatile.

PCI Expansion Slots

AGP slots, which stand for Accelerated Graphics Port, are special connectors on the motherboard for adding 3D graphics or video cards. They are usually brown, shorter than PCI slots, and allow direct communication between the video card, CPU, and memory.

AGP Expansion Slots

PCIe slots are high-speed connectors on new motherboards used to add expansion cards, replacing older PCI and AGP slots. They offer faster connections and better performance for devices like graphics cards, network adapters, and storage expansions.

PCIe Exapansion Slots

BIOS Chip

The BIOS chip is an important part of the motherboard that helps the computer start up by storing instructions for the processor to communicate with other parts . When the computer is turned on, the BIOS runs these instructions to test hardware, set up the system, and load the operating system in a process called booting up.

Chipsets

A chipset is a group of semiconductor circuits on the motherboard that controls memory, buses, and peripheral devices while working with the CPU. Its compatibility with the processor affects performance, memory type, and expansion options, with its functions split into Northbridge and Southbridge.

Components of Motherboard and Their Functions

Keyboard and mouse connectors

Peripheral ports and connectors

Power Supply Connectors

types of power supply connectors

• 24-pin ATX power connector • 4/8-pin CPU power connector • PCIe power connector • SATA power connector • Molex power connector • Fan power connector

Power supply connectors are important parts of a computer that distribute power to its components. The main connector, usually white and rectangular, converts electricity from AC to DC, providing different voltages for various parts, and includes types like ATX, PCIe, SATA, and fan connectors.

Case fan and Heat sink

Jumpers and DIP switches

PCI slots on a motherboard let you add expansion cards to improve your computer's performance and capabilities. These white, 3-inch-long slots connect devices like graphics cards, sound cards, network cards, and more, making your computer more powerful and versatile.

PCI Expansion Slots

AGP slots, which stand for Accelerated Graphics Port, are special connectors on the motherboard for adding 3D graphics or video cards. They are usually brown, shorter than PCI slots, and allow direct communication between the video card, CPU, and memory.

AGP Expansion Slots

PCIe slots are high-speed connectors on new motherboards used to add expansion cards, replacing older PCI and AGP slots. They offer faster connections and better performance for devices like graphics cards, network adapters, and storage expansions.

PCIe Exapansion Slots

Onboard disk drive connectors

Cooling Systems

CMOS Chip

Electronic components in a computer produce heat, and keeping them cool helps them work better and prevents damage. To remove heat, computers use a case fan to increase airflow and a heat sink to draw heat away from the processor, often with another fan on top to cool the CPU further.

The CMOS chip is a special memory chip that saves computer settings, like the date and time, even when the computer is off. It gets power from a small battery on the motherboard and is also used in circuits for cameras, data conversion, and communication devices.

Motherboard essential electronic components and parts

• Chipsets
• CPU or processor sockets or slots
• Memory slots
• Expansion slots
• BIOS chip
• CMOS battery
• Power connectors
• Keyboard and mouse connectors
• Onboard disk drive connectors
• Peripheral ports and connectors
• Jumpers and DIP switches