Star Catalog

Star Catalog

Cristell Barba, Natalia Serna, Diego Rivera, Jose Javier Vega, Sebastian Dominguez

INDEX

Stages of the Life Cycle

Table

Blackbody

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Stars

Graph

Stages of the Life Cycle

Differences of gigant faces

Differences based on star mass

Wien´s Law

References

Stages of the Life Cycle

Nebula

Giant phase

Protostar

Final Stage

Main Sequence Star

STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE

• Giant gas cloud: the star begins as a giant cloud of gas
• protostar: the cloud contracts and heats up, forming a protostar
• T-Tauri phase: the star enters the T-tauri phase
• Main sequence: the star becomes a main sequence star
• Giant phase: the star cools and expands into a red giant, or a red super giant
• Fusion of heavier elements: the star fuses heavier elements
• Supernova and planetary nebula: the star ends its life as a supernova and planetary nebula
• White or black dwarf: a star life can also end in one of these

Differences based on star mass

A star's life cycle is determined by its mass. The larger its mass, the shorter its life cycle. A star's mass is determined by the amount of matter that is available in its nebula, the giant cloud of gas and dust from which it was born.

Table

Graph

Wien's Law

Wien's Law, sometimes called Wien's Displacement Law, is a law that determines at what wavelength the intensity of radiation emitted from a blackbody reaches its maximum point.[2] After this point, the intensity decreases as temperature increases. This creates the characteristic shape of blackbody radiation curves. Wien's Law is expressed simply as:[3] Where is the wavelength in meters, and is the temperature in Kelvin. In this law temperature must be expressed on the absolute (Kelvin) scale. The displacement in Wien's law refers to the way that the position of the peak can be displaced with a change in temperature.

Blackbody

Blackbody, in physics, a surface that absorbs all radiant energy falling on it. The term arises because incident visible light will be absorbed rather than reflected, and therefore the surface will appear black. The concept of such a perfect absorber of energy is extremely useful in the study of radiation phenomena, as in Planck’s radiation law for the spectral energy distribution of the radiation reemitted after it is absorbed.

Stars

Avoir

Shaula

Rasalhuage

Alpheratz

Rukbat

Naos

Mu Dracoins

Iota Dracoins

Zubenelgenubi

Menkar

Red Giant vs. Super Red Giant: Key Differences

Super red giants are also stars in a very late stage, but they originate from much more massive stars. They are absolutely enormous, hundreds to over a thousand times the size of the Sun, and incredibly luminous – far brighter than regular red giants. These massive stars end their lives in a dramatic supernova explosion, potentially leaving behind a neutron star or a black hole

Red giants are stars in a late stage of their lives that have expanded significantly, becoming much larger and brighter than typical stars like our Sun. They come from stars with lower to medium amounts of mass. Eventually, they usually shed their outer layers, forming a planetary nebula and leaving behind a white dwarf.

References

Space.com. (21/03/2025). Main Sequence Star. Recovered from: https://www.space.com LCO. (21/03/2025). Protostar. Recovered from: https://lco.global/ Nasa.(24-03-2025).Nasa Science.REcovered by: https://science.nasa.gov/ UNED.(24/03/2025).Canal UNED. Recovered by: https://canal.uned.es Space Center. (24/03/2025).Space Center Houston.Recovered by:https://spacecenter.org/ Las Cubres Observatory. (24/03/2025).protostar what is mean in the stars. Recovered by: https://lco.global/ Space.com.(24/03/2025). Mein Sequence Star what is Mean in the Stars. Recovered by: https://www.space.com Space.com.(25/03/2025).Mein Sequence Star what is Mean in the Stars. Recovered by:https://www.space.com/22437-main-sequence-star.html

Nebula

Is an enormous cloud of dust and gas ocupping the space between stars and acting as a nursey for new satrs. The roots of the word come from Latin Nebula, which means a "mist, vapor, fog, smoke, exhaletion". Nebulae are made up of dust, basic element such as:

• Hydrogen
• Ionized gas

Zubenelgenubi

Type: espectral A3 and espectral F4 Color : the zubenelgenubi is double star the more bright have a white color and the other one pale yellow Electromagnetic spectrum: star Zubenelgenubi, Alpha Librae, is a 2.7 magnitude pale yellow and light gray star in the Southern Scale of the Balance Surface temperature : 6577Kelvin Relationship between color and temperature: Size and radius: 1.54 times bigger than the Sun Mass: 1.97 times that of our star, the Sun.

Giant Phase

red Giants & Red Supergiants:They are dying stars that have expanded significantly. Red supergiants are the largest stars, marking the end of massive stars' lives (over 8 solar masses). Our sun will become a red giant in about 5 billion years. They can engulf nearby planets. Red supergiants produce some types of supernovae. They have low surface gravity and irregular, evolving surfaces. Importance Studying their evolution is crucial for modeling supernova explosions. It aids in interpreting observations of supernovae before they occur. It provides insights into the final stages of stellar evolution, revealing how stars die.

Protostar

A protostar looks like a star but its core is not yet hot enough for fusion to take place. The luminosity comes exclusively from the heating of the protostar as it contracts. Protostars are usually surrounded by dust, which blocks the light that they emit, so they are difficult to observe in the visible spectrum.

Main Sequence Star

Main sequence stars fuse hydrogen atoms to form helium atoms in their cores. About 90 percent of the stars in the universe, including the sun, are main sequence stars. These stars can range from about a tenth of the mass of the sun to up to 200 times as massive. Stars start their lives as clouds of dust and gas.

menkar

Name: Menkar (Alpha ceti) Type: Menkar is a red giant with a stellar classification of M1. 5 IIIa. Surface temperature in Kelvin: 3.795 K Color: Red Electromagnetic spectrum : Relationship between color and temperature: The low temperature is the reason Menkar shines with a reddish hue. Size and radius: about 100 times the Sun's Mass: 4,575 × 10^30 kg Luminosity: 1.455 L Hertzsprung-Russel diagram classification:

Alpheratz

Name: Type: B9p Surface temperature in Kelvin: 13800 Color: blue Electromagnetic spectrum : Relationship between color and temperature: Size and radius: 2.7 (-0.4 / +0.4) Mass: 3.8000 Luminosity: 146.79 Hertzsprung-Russel diagram classification:

Rasalhague (Alpha Ophiuchi) is a giant star (A5III) located in the constellation Ophiuchus (The Serpent Bearer), about 48.6 light-years from Earth. It has a surface temperature of about 8,500 Kelvin, a bluish-white color, and a near-ultraviolet electromagnetic spectrum. Rasalhague is approximately 25 times more luminous than the Sun and has an equatorial radius of 2.7 times the radius of the Sun. It has a mass between 1.92 and 4.8 solar masses. Rasalhague is classified as a subgiant (A5 IV) on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which means that it is transitioning away from the main sequence. Its probable fate is to become a red giant and then a white dwarf.

mu dracoins

Name : Mu Dra, μ Dra Type: spectral type F7V Color : yellow to white Electromagnetic spectrum: It is a system with 4 stars. For now, there are no known exoplanets in this star system. Relationship between color and temperature: Surface temperature : 6383Kelvin

• Constellation: Draco

Distance from earth: 87.96 light-years away from Earth Scientific or cultural impact: is a multiple star system near the head of the constellation of Draco.

Type: B8 Surface temperature in Kelvin: 12.390 K Color: blue-white Electromagnetic spectrum : visible light, ultraviolet light, infrared, radio waves, X-rays, and gamma rays Relationship between color and temperature: Is hottest because of the color a type Size and radius: 2.3 solar diameters across Mass: 5,867 × 10^30 kg Luminosity: 112 solar luminosities Hertzsprung-Russel diagram classification:

rukbat

Naos

• Name: Naos (also known as Zeta Puppis)

Type: O-type blue supergiant star. Surface temperature in Kelvin: 42.000 K Color: Blue Electromagnetic spectrum : Relationship between color and temperature: hotter stars emit more blue light, so the Naos star is hottest that de normal stars

avoir

Name and Type of Star: The star Avior is also known as Epsilon Carinae (ε Carinae). Type: Binary star system Surface temperature in Kelvin: 3,500 and 5,000K based on the notes from Harvard University. Color and electromagnetism: color K3 III (orange giant): Orange-reddish B2 V (blue-white main-sequence star): Blue-white Electromagnetism: Orange Giant Mainly emits visible light in orange and red tones. A significant portion of its energy is in the near-infrared spectrum. Blue-White Star Emits a large amount of blue and white visible light. Also produces ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to its high temperature

Final Stage

The final stage of a star's life depends on its mass and can be a planetary nebula, white dwarf, neutron star, or black hole. Planetary nebula The final stage of a low-mass star, like the sun

The material cast into space by supernovae and other stellar events becomes incorporated into the next generation of stars.

• Planetary nebula
• White dwarf
• Neutron star
• Black hole
• Supernova

lota dracoins

Name : Iota Draconis (thuban ) Type: C7I Color : carbon red Surface temperature : 6051Kelvin Electromagnetic spectrum: Relationship between color and temperature: Size and radius: 2.83 times bigger than the Sun Mass: is 2.8 times that of our star the Sun Luminosity: 2506.374

shaula

Shaula is a B2 subgiant star, located in the Scorpius constellation, approximately 571 light-years from Earth. It's the stinger of the scorpion in the constellation. Key features include:

• Physical:
• It has a surface temperature around 25,000 Kelvin, resulting in a blue-white appearance.
• Its radius is about 6 times that of the Sun.
• Its mass is roughly 10 solar masses.
• Location:
• located in the Scorpius Constellation.
• approximately 571 light-years from earth