That's English B2.2 (Unit 5)

UNIT 5

B2.2Shopping

Contents

1. Assumptions about the past

2. Empathy or condolence

3. Describing objects (1)

4. Describing objects (2)

5. Describing objects (3)

6. Exercises

7. Writing

Assumptions about the past

When we want to make assumptions or deductions about past events, we use the modal verbs must, can’t, may, might, and could followed by have + past participle:

It must have been difficult to find fresh strawberries in winter. You can’t have bought them at the local supermarket. She may have spent too much money on that designer dress. That shop might not have been the cheapest option for your purchase. The customer service representative could have been the same person who called me.

Assumptions about the past

Degrees of Certainty Certain (Positive): They found a great bargain in the sales. Very Probable (Must): They must have made a mistake with the price tag. It’s too expensive. Possible (May / May not): It may have been a good idea to order the gift online. Unlikely (Might / Might not / Could): That customer might not have liked the service since she never returned. Impossible (Can’t / Couldn’t): That chair can’t have cost more than €50. It’s too simple.

Assumptions about the past

The opposite of must is can’t, not mustn’t. Also, could not / couldn’t can be used instead of can’t for past events. He must have been wealthy because he always bought luxury items. He can’t / couldn’t have been wealthy because he lived in a tiny apartment.

Empathy and Condolence

To empathize or express condolence, we can use: How / That’s / That must have been + adjective The adjectives used describe a negative situation or emotions, such as awful, terrible, horrible, dreadful, upsetting, annoying. A: I found a great discount, but I arrived too late to buy it. B: That must have been so frustrating! A: We had to queue for two hours just to enter the store! B: How awful!

Empathy and Condolence

Additional phrases: I’m so sorry (for you) / (to hear that)! I can’t tell you how sorry I am (for you)! You must be very upset (about that)! A: My wallet was stolen on the subway yesterday. B: I’m so sorry to hear that. You must be very upset!

Describing objects (1)

Using Nouns as AdjectivesIn English, nouns are often used as adjectives: My bank sent me a new credit card. I used to work as a shop assistant. Rules:

• These nouns come before the main noun and are usually singular, even if the main noun is plural:

I prefer shopping at a shoe shop rather than online. There are many shoe shops in my neighborhood.

Describing objects (1)

ExceptionsSome nouns remain plural, such as clothes and sports: She works in the clothes department. He owns several sports cars.

Describing objects (2)

To describe the material an object is made of, we use: Made of + material Material (as an adjective) + noun This sweatshirt is made of cotton → This is a cotton sweatshirt. This watch is made of gold → It’s a gold watch.

Describing objects (2)

Special cases Wooden / Woollen are adjectives for wood and wool, but wood and wool can also be used: A wooden table / A woollen blanket. A wood table / A wool blanket (also correct). Golden refers to color, not material: She wore golden shoes and a silver dress. She inherited a gold necklace.

Describing objects (3)

When using multiple adjectives, they follow a specific order:

Describing objects (3)

BreakdownWhat kind of table? → Wooden table What kind of wooden table? → French wooden table What kind of French wooden table? → Square French wooden table What kind of square French wooden table? → Old square French wooden table What kind of old square French wooden table? → Beautiful old square French wooden table

Exercises

• Page 49 - ex. 3, 4
• Page 50 - ex. 1(vocabulary), 2, 3, 5
• Page 51 - ex. 1, 4, 5, 6
• Page 52 - ex. 7, 10, 11, 12
• Page 53 - ex. 2, 3
• Page 54 - ex. 2, 3, 4
• Page 55 - ex. 6, 7
• Consolidation + Self Test

Extra

Adjectives

Extra Exercises (including listening)

Shopping vocabulary

Writing - for and against

A for and against essay should have the following sections:1. Introduction 2. Idea for 3. Idea against 4. Conclusion

Writing - for and against

Writing - for and against

Useful expressionsIntroducing an argument: On the one hand, One advantage is that... Contrasting: However, In contrast, On the other hand... Adding information: Moreover, Furthermore, In addition... Concluding: As a result, In conclusion, All in all...

Writing - for and against

Online Shopping or In-Store Shopping?

Choose one type of shopping (either online shopping or in-store shopping) and write a for and against essay (150-180 words) discussing its advantages and disadvantages.

Writing - for and against

Guidelines: Introduction – Introduce the topic and mention that every shopping method has both benefits and disadvantages. Clearly state which type of shopping you will discuss. Paragraph 1 – Explain the benefits of the shopping method you chose (e.g., convenience, variety, personal assistance, better prices). Paragraph 2 – Discuss the drawbacks of this shopping method (e.g., shipping delays, security concerns, crowds, time-consuming). Conclusion – Summarize your main points and give your own opinion.

Writing - for and against

Send your For and against essay before our next class (3 April) by email or bring it to class! lauragarv@edu.xunta.gal

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