World War I

World War I

Museum

Maya Solis

Theatres of of the war

Major Effect of the War

Russian Revolution

Technology/Conductors of the war

Causes of the War

Explore what naval warefare was like!

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Watch the video to learn about trench warfare. *Full screen to read audio.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Arab Revolt

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Armenian Genocide

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Non-European Theatres Of War

* The background is a painting to represent the Treaty of Versailles

After World War II, the balance of power shifted as the United States became world leader, the Austro-Hungarian empire disbanded as Hungary split from Austria in 1918 and became a totalitarian government, the Ottoman Empire collapsed to form Turkey. Germany lost it's dominance and possessions through the Mandate System. Poland became and independent republic in 1918, Czechoslovakia was formed by the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and Yugoslavia emerged.

New States

Treaty of Versailles

The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 had: David lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Woodrow Wilson of the United States to decide a punishment for Germany. Britain and France insited that Germany had to accept the guilt for starting the war and pay reparations. The treaty required Germany: give up 10% of it's land to foreign colonies, disarm the country, and pay 33 billion United States dollars. This led to resentment by Germans in which the Weimar Republic couldn't stablize and extreme nationalism for an impending World War II.

The mandate system was when the victors of the war were able to govern the colonies of the defeated, but were not allowed to turn them into their own colonies. Britain and France took control of the Middle Eastern territories ruled by the Ottoman Empire. Great Britain was granted control of Iraq and Palestine while France had Syria and Lebanon. German colonies in Africa were controlled by Great Britain, France, Belgium, Japan, and Australia

Mandate System

The Weimar Republic was a German democratic government established after World War I. It included a lot of debt and was forced to accept full responsibility for the war. It inflated the Germany currency to the point of worthlessness which led to fascism, the dictorial form of a government marked by violent repression, extreme nationalism, and racism.

Weimar Republic

* The background image is an image of the League of Nations

League of Nations

The League of Nations was formed in 1920 and was intended as a forum where nations work together to resolve their differences and prevent future wars, though the main goal was international disarmament. It's first meeting was in Switzerland, but was filled with suspicion. The United States ended up not joining which led to weakness while Germany and the Soviet Union were excluded. It disbanded in 1946 World War II which led to the formation of the United Nations.

Discontent

Nicholas II

- Poor leadership of Nicholas II

Causes

There are many causes of the Russian revolution of 1917. The main causes:- Lack of political representation - Social inequality between wealthy aristocracy and impoverished peasants - Incomplete industrialization led to increased poverty and discontent with Tsar regime - Food and land distribution had food shortages, peasant population had little to cultivate because landowners had the majority of the land - The spread of Marxism allowed the Bolshevik party to mobilize widespread discontent with the original regime

Bolshevik Revolution

February Revolution

The February Revolution, also known as the March Revolution, was caused by Russia's involvement in World War I in 1917. In February, people clamored for bread in St. Petersburg in which they clashed with the police. It led to an army garrison regiment to stop the protests, but it actually had the joined the protests and shifted their loyalty. In the end, Tsar Nicholas II abdicated and a provisional government was created.

Petrograd Soviet

The Petrograd Soviet was a council of worker committees established in 1917 and issued Order No. 1 for Russian soldiers or sailors to obey orders tha didn't cnflict with Soviet directives. They helped Bolsheviks sieze power in the October Revolution, but they also challenged provisional government authority which led to a dual power. Dual power meant that the Soviet ad the Provisional Government held authority which led to power struggles.

October Revolution

Lenin led the Bolsheviks or Communists Russian Social Democratic Party to coup again the Duma Provisonal Government, leading to the October Revolution. The Bolsheviks stormed into St. Petersburg and took governmental control. They formed a new government f communism called the Union of Soviet Socialist Republic. This new government was based on the principles of Marxism and argued that the Provisional Government wasn't addressing the needs of the lower class.

New Economic Policy

Soviet Union

Rise of Lenin

Vladimir Lenin

Vladimir Lenin was drawn to the revolutionary cause when his brother was executed trying to assassinate the Tsar. He studied for law and later organized Marxist groups, but was arrested and jailed for sedition, leading to being exiled to Serbia for three years. After he came back, he published the What Is To Be Done pamphlet and established the Russian Social-Democratic Worker's Party. He was exiled again and when he came back, he became a dictator of the 1st Marxist state.

The origins of the Soviet Union are within the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Declaration and Treaty on the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1922 was between Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Transcaucasia. All of this allowed fir the ccreaton of the USSR, a condeferation of communist republics.

The New Economic Policy was proposed by Lenin in 1921. It was a Bolshevik attempt to revive the Russian economy after the War Communism. It was a return of agriculture, retail trade, small scale light industry to private ownership and management while the state retained control of heavy ndustry, transportation, banking, and foreign trade. It ended when Stalin eliminated private ownership of farmland and collectivization. Peasants were allowed to sell produce on open market, private ownership or other ssmall businesses permitted which made the country more stable.

The United States got involved in the war because of the Zimmermann Telegram. However, the sinking of the Lusitania made the US angry that Germans were taking innocent lives. The Zimmermann was the main cause for entering the war as Germany sought help from Mexico. It was an agreement that is Mexico lent their support to Germany, then they promised to aqcuire former Mexican territories like New Mexico and Arizona. Uong hearing this, Woodrow Wilson made the decision to declare war on Germany.

US

Arabs regarded Turks as oppressors and organized attacks on the Ottoman Empire with support from Great Britain. They were able to overthrow the Ottoman rulers and push them to Mecca and Medina, but were betrayed after World War I Great Britain and France because of the Sykes-Picot agreement.

Arab Revolt

Armenian genocide

Armenians were an ethnic minority within the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Empire began deporting them in 1915 out of fear that Armenians would win autonomy. This led to Turks being convined by authorities to treat Armenians like the American Ku Klux Klan did with African Americans. It resulted in genocide and the death of millions, however the Turkish government denies it today.

Battle of Somme

Battle of Marne

The Battle of Somme (1916) and the use of tanks

The First Battle of Marne (1914), going into trenches

The Battle of Marne was the first battle since the war started. French General Joseph Simon Gallieni wanted to defend Paris while German General Alexander von Kluck defended against French attacks. The result of the battle was a Triple Entente victory as they pushed back Germans from advancing and saved Paris from capture. This battle marked the beginning of trench warfare and the failure of the Schlieffen Plan.

The Battle of Somme was one of the deadliest battles in World War I. The British lanched a series of attack that took Germans by surprise. This led to the advancement of the British by 6,000 yards and the German general replaced. The Germans new strategy was to made a defense line around Somme, conceded some territory and then inflicted more casualties on the Triple Entente. The result of this battle was another Triple Entente victory with several casualties (British: 400,000, French: 200,000, Germans: 500,000-600,000) as well as marked the first use of tanks.

Schlieffen Plan

The Schlieffen Plan was a battle plan proposed by Alfred Graf von Schlieffen. It aimed to prevent a two-front war with France and Russia by defeating France quickly and then facing Russia. It proposed invading France through Belgium then going around Paris to encircle the French army. However, German forces were stopped from advancing at the Battle of Marne therefore proving the failure of this plan.

Tanks

aerialwarfare

PoisonGas

MachineGuns

Poison gas would blind and suffocate their enemies and sometimes be suffocated themselves. Poison gas consisted of chlorine, mustard gas, bromine, and phosgene. Poison masks were used, however were not as effective against more deadly gases like phosgene and mustard gas.

Machine guns were often used during World War I to kill and maim thir enemies. Mostly used in trench warfare because they can go over long distances and typically fired 450-600 rounds per minute.

Ariel warfare in World War 1 was bombs dropping from airplanes and sometimes engaging in 1-to-1 combat with those who hold machine guns. They were also used to observe or spy on enemy bases.

Armored tanks could cross open terrain and crush anything in it's path. They could destroy enemy defenses, cross No Man's Land, and supported infantry.

Portrait of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, former heir to Austro-Hungarian throne

- Newphew of emperor Franz Joseph and was next in line of the Austro-Hungarian throne- June 28, 1914: Visited Bosnia and Jerzegovina as an inspector general. For Serbians, it reminded them of the day the Turkish won at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389. A grenade was thrown at the Archduke and his wife, but only injured the people around them. After insisting on a hospital visit to those injured despite the possible danger, Gavrilo Princip shot him and his wife. - The conspirators were found and arrested, though Princip did try to kill himself. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia a month later. Princip was sentenced to 20 years in prison and died from tuberculosis in 1918.

Alliances

WarDeclaration

A map to show the alliances established between countries. The Red represents the Triple Alliance while the Green represents the Triple Entente

A newspaper to show Austro-Hungarian decision to declare war

After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia in 1914. Since Austria-Hungary had Germany to support them, they ultimately declared war on Serbia, who had Russia for support.

When Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Austria-Hungary had Germany for support while Serbia had Russia. Germany provided a "blank check" (their support) to Austria-Hungary after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Imperialism

Nationalism

Alliances

Militarism

This picture is meant to represent unification of soldiers. In doing so, it summarizes the four main causes of the war.

The formation of the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance had created sides for an incoming war. The Triple Entente consisted of Britain, Russia, and France while the Triple Alliance consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy. Germany provided their support to Austria-Hungary after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

Military competition, including naval and arms, among nations pre-war. Germany and Great Britain had naval and arms race due to their rivalry. So war was the concluding decision to sort out rivalries and disputes.

Colonialism turned into imperial competition between countries. The 'Scramble for Africa', the result of the Berlin Conference in 1884-1885, allowed for empires to expand and increased conflict between countries through competition.

Nations sought to assert their power among competition and prioritize their own interests. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand was an act of nationalistic sentiment in which caused Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia.