Star Catalog

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Star Catalog

rAfael Alejandro Ramirez Cervantes

Xavier gúzman Cordero

Andre jonguitud Alvarado

Erick Eduardo Castillo Gonzales

Index

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BLACK BODY, WIENS LAW, STAR CLASSIFICATION, RELATIONSHIP BEWTEEN COLOR AND TEMPERATURE

STAR LIFE CICLE

TEMPERATURE VS WAVELENGHT GRAPH

FIRST 6 STARS

TEMPERATURE VS WAVELENGHT GRAPH TABLE

LAST 4 STARS

REFERENCES

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Planetary nebula

White dwarf

Red giant

Nebula

Protostar

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Neutron star

Massive star

Supernova

Red supergiant

Black hole

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Proxima Centauri

Betelgeuse

Sirius A

Vega

Antares

Sun

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deneB

rigel

algol a

Arcturus

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Star clasification

blackbody

Wiens´s law

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COLOR AND TEMPERATURE

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Temperature vs Wavelength Graph

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The image is a graph showing the relationship between stellar temperature and wavelength of peak emission for several stars. The graph visually represents Wien's Law, demonstrating that hotter stars emit at shorter wavelengths (bluer light) and cooler stars emit at longer wavelengths (redder light). The graph also includes a visual representation of the stars' positions, though the axes are not clearly labeled with numerical values, making precise quantitative analysis impossible. The bottom of the image shows small representations of the stars. The language used in the image appears to be a mix of Greek and possibly other languages.

While the image attempts to illustrate a relationship between temperature and wavelength, its lack of numerical scales and unclear labeling prevents a robust comparison with the HR diagram. The general trend aligns with Wien's Law and the temperature-color relationship seen in the HR diagram, but a detailed quantitative comparison is not possible without more information.

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References

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Howell, E., & Dutfield, S. (2025, marzo 21). Arcturus: Facts about the bright red giant star. Space.com; Space. https://www.space.com/22842-arcturus.html

El cosmosDELZ- 21/03/2025 - https://elcosmosdeiz.wordpress.com/2021/01/21/30-la-estr ella-de-la-muerte- algol/

Gohd, C. (2025, marzo 21). What is Betelgeuse? Inside the Strange, Volatile Star. NASA Science; NASA. https://science.nasa.gov/universe/what-is-betelgeuse-inside-the-strange-volatile-star/

Hubble Space Telescope - 21/03/2025 - https://hubblesite.org/ NASA - 21/03/2025 - https://www.nasa.gov/sun European Space Agency 21/03/2025 - https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Life_cycle_of_stars AstroBiology Research Center - 21/0/2025 - http://www.astrobiology.info/the-life-cycle-of-stars NASA - 21/03/2025 - https://hubblesite.org/ Hubble Space Telescope - 21/03/2025 - https://hubblesite.org/

Howell, E., & Harvey, A. (2025, marzo 21). Sirius: The brightest star in Earth’s night sky. Space.com; Space. https://www.space.com/21702-sirius-brightest-star.html Life cycle of a star. (2025, marzo 21). BYJUS; BYJU’S. https://byjus.com/physics/life-cycle-of-stars/ Sky and Telescope (21/03/2025) Recuperado de:https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/vega-the-star-at-the-center-of-everything/#:~:text=At%20present%2C%20the%20star%20is,encircled%20by%20a%20planetary%20nebula.

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sit

References

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esahubble.org(06/04/2025)what is a planetary nebula https://esahubble.org/wordbank/planetary-nebul a/

Concepto - 03/04/2025 - what is nebula? - https://www.concepto.es

Nasa 6/04/2025 - clasification of stars - https://www.nasa.com.es Nasa - 06/04/2025 - neutrons stars - https://www.nasas.com.es Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory - 06/04/2025 - https://www.ligo.es

space.com (06/05/2025)what is a neutron starhttps://www.space.com/22180-neutron-stars.

study.com(06/04/2025)what is a massive star https://study.com/academy/lesson/massive-star-definition-facts-life-cycle.html

study.com(06/04/2025)what is a protostarhttps://study.com/academy/lesson/protostar-definition-formation-facts.html

whillyard.com(06/04/2025)what is a medium star http://www.whillyard.com/science-pages/mid-mass-stars.html#:~:text=This%20includes%20stars%20with%20an,the%20life%20of%20the%20star.

Sun

The Sun has a temperature of 5,778 K The mass of the Sun is approximately 1.989 × 10²⁹ kg or 1 solar mass. This unit, known as the solar mass, is commonly used in astronomy to express the masses of other stars, as well as celestial objects, relative to the mass of the Sun. The luminosity of the sun is of 1 L⊙

Massive star

Massive stars are classified as having a solar mass eight times that of the Sun during their main-sequence life cycle. Stars not only go through a life cycle, but they are also compared to the Sun, at the center of our solar system. In a clear night sky, massive stars are among the 10 brightest observable stars

Arcturus

Arcturus has a temperature of 4,290 K Arcturus the brightest star in the Boötes constellation, has a mass approximately 1.08 times that of the Sun. Arctutus has a luminosity of 170 L⊙

Neutron star

Neutron stars are one of the most fascinating and extreme objects in the universe. They form when a massive star explodes in a supernova, and the remaining core collapses under its own gravity, leading to extremely high compression of matter. These stars have such a high density that most of their constituent matter is made of neutrons, and their study not only helps us understand the limits of physics.

Sirius A

The Temperature of Sirius A is of ~9,940 K Sirius A Sirius A, the primary component of the Sirius star system, has a mass approximately 2.02 times that of the Sun And it is 25 times more luminous than the Sun. Surface temperature:Sirius A: Sirius A has a luminosity of 25. L⊙

Medium star

Medium-mass stars have an initial mass ranging from approximately 40% of the solar mass . The star, after burning all the hydrogen in its core, collapses under the force of gravity, and its internal temperature increases again with the increasing pressure.

Wiens's Law

Wien's Law tells us that objects of different temperature emit spectra that peak at different wavelengths. Hotter objects emit most of their radiation at shorter wavelengths, and Cooler objects emit most of their radiation at longer wavelengths

formula: λ= b/t λ=wavelength b= Wien´s constant= 2897X10^8 nm x k t= temperature of black body

Betelguese

The temperature of Betelgeuse is of ~3,100 K Betelgeuse a prominent red supergiant in the constellation Orion, has an estimated mass between 14 and 19 solar masses. the luminusity of Betelgeuse has a luminosity126,000 L⊙

Deneb

Deneb has a temperaturee of 8,500 K Deneb the brightest star in the constellation Cygnus, is a blue supergiant with an estimated mass between 15.5 and 23 solar masses. Denb has a luminosity of 196,000 L⊙

Black hole

The black hole phase represents the final stage in the life of a massive star, whose gravity becomes so intense after a supernova explosion that nothing, not even light, can escape. This collapse produces a singularity surrounded by an event horizon, a boundary beyond which it is impossible to return. Stars with more than 20 times the mass of the Sun have the potential to become black holes after passing through a red supergiant phase and the subsequent explosion.

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Enenas blancas

White dwarfs are very small, hot stars, but with masses comparable to that of the Sun. Typically, their radius is on the order of one-hundredth of the Sun's radius, their temperature is about 10,000 K (which is why they appear white), and their mass is half that of the Sun. However, because of their small size, their total brightness is also low, and they are difficult to observe.

Supernova

The supernova phase marks the end of a star's life, releasing an enormous amount of energy and dispersing heavy elements into space, which has a significant impact on the evolution of the universe. Depending on the star's mass, the remnants can become black holes or neutron stars, and the ejected materials contribute to the creation of new stars and planets

Algol A

Algol A has a temperature of 8,000 K In the Algol triple star system, Algol A refers to the inner binary pair, consisting of two stars Algol Aa1 and Algol Aa2 The luminosity of Algol A is of 182 L⊙

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Red supergiant

Red supergiant stars are among the most massive and brightest in the Universe. Despite their colossal size, their lives are relatively short, as they consume their fuel much faster than lower-mass stars. After exhausting the lighter elements in their core, these stars expand excessively and become red supergiants, characterized by their red color due to their relatively low temperature.

Nebula

Nebulae are brightly colored concentrations of gas and dust, similar to clouds. They are important to the universe because some serve as hotbeds of star formation, due to the condensation and aggregation of matter. In other cases, they only contain the remains of extinct stars.

Rigel

Rigel has a temperature of 12,100 K Rigel:the brightest star in the constellation Orion, is a blue supergiant with an estimated mass ranging from 17 to 24 solar masses. Rigel has a luminosity of 280,000 L⊙

Vega

Vega has a temperature of 9,602 K Vega the brightest star in the Lyra constellation, has a mass estimated to be approximately 2.135 times that of the Sun. Vega has a luminosity of 40.12 L⊙

Protostar

Protostars are young stars in the earliest phase of stellar evolution. They are not yet main sequence stars, as they have not yet absorbed all of the surrounding interstellar gas or ignited by fusing hydrogen into helium.

Black body

Blackbody in physics, is a surface that absorbs all radiant energy falling on it. The term arises because incident visible light will be absorbed rather than reflected, and therefore the surface will appear black.

Planetary nebula

When stars with an intermediate mass (more than 80% of the mass of the Sun, but less than eight times its mass) die, they expand to form red giants. The dying star will continue to expel gas, while simultaneously the remaining core of the star will contract and temporarily begin to radiate energy again. This energy causes the expelled gas to ionize, meaning that the atoms and molecules in the gas become charged and begin to emit light. The discarded glowing gas is known as a planetary nebula. Therefore, planetary nebulae are classified as emission nebulae and have no relation to planets.

Proxima Centauri

Proxima Centauri has a temperature of 3,050 K Proxima centauri mass estimated to be approximately 0.12 solar masses. This means it has about 12% of the Sun's mass. Proxima Centauri has a temperature of 0.0017 L⊙

Red Giant

Red giant stars constitute a crucial phase in the evolution of medium- and high-mass stars, and occur after they exhaust the hydrogen in their cores. During this stage, the star expands enormously and its color turns reddish due to the low temperature of its outer layers.

Star clasification

Star classification is based on the spectrum and temperature, it was developed by Annie Jump Cannon and other astronomers in the 19th and 20th centuries. The spectral classification system consists of seven main star types: Type O: 30,000 K. They are blue Type B: 10,000 to 30,000 K, They are blue-white color. Type A: 7,500 and 10,000 K, They are white color. Type F: 6,000 and 7,500 K, They are yellowish-white color. Type G: 5,200 and 6,000 K. Type K: 3,700 and 5,200 K, They are orange color. Type M: 3,700 K, and their color is red.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COLOR AND TEMPERATURE

Color temperature measures the hue of light in Kelvins (K). Lower temperatures give off warm (yellowish-red) light, while higher temperatures (above 5000K) produce cool (bluish) light. Heating objects causes them to change color due to blackbody radiation. The hotter the object, the bluer its light.

Antares

Antares has 3,500 K The brightest star in the Scorpius constellation, is a red supergiant with a mass estimated to be between 11 and 18 solar masses. Antares and has a luminosity of 75,900 L⊙