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Hominids
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Hominids
DONE BY NAZAN
INDEX
The genus homo
Introduction
a. First Representatives (H. habilis, H. ergaster, H. erectus) i. General Characteristics of Eachii. Habitatiii. Most Representative Fossils/Depositsb. Early Europeans (H. antecessor, H. heidelbergensis, H. neanderthalenis) i. Characteristics of each.ii. Habitatiii. Representative fossils/sitesc. Homo sapiens i. Originii. Oldest sitesIii. Morphology and anatomyiv. First symbolic and artistic manifestations
prehominids
The first hominids
General characteristics Most important generation and species. Representative fossils. habitat.
Bibliography
Introduction
The hominids are family from the primates, it includes the modern humans. Also includes Neanderthals. They are known by bipedalism(the hability for walk with the two feets) and for the developement of tools.
Prehominids
They are the anteccesours of hominids, they were a stage of evolution very early of primates. we can say that prehominids happen until the birth of Lucy.
The firsts hominids
CHARACTERISTICS: They were the firsts primates adapted to terrestial life. They used to walk straight. The scholl was more developed. They had the brain bigger. They used and manufacture tools. They experimented changes onto their teeths for a more variable diet.
The firsts hominids
AUSTRALOPITHECUS AFARENSIS: They were since 3.9 and 2.9million of years ago. This species is one of the best known due to its close relationship with Homo sapiens. It walked upright, but still retained some features adapted for climbing trees. Its brain was smaller than that of modern humans, but larger than that of chimpanzees. "Lucy" is the most famous fossil of this species, discovered in 1974 in Ethiopia. This nearly complete skeleton has been crucial to understanding hominid bipedal locomotion.
The firsts hominids
ARDIPITHECUS RAMIDUS: Ardipithecus ramidus is one of the earliest known hominids to display a mix of bipedal and climbing characteristics. It had a small brain, and its body was adapted for both walking on two legs and moving through trees. The most famous fossil is the partial skeleton known as "Ardi," found in Ethiopia in 1994. This fossil is one of the most complete of any early hominid.
The firsts hominids-habitat
Firstly, the firsts hominids lived in Africa, like in the actual Etiopia, chad or sudafrica.
The genus homo-characteristics-First representatives
HOMO ERGASTER: They had the brain bigger than the homo habilis. They were able to walk bigger distances. They used more developed tools. In the social aspect they were more complex.
HOMO HABILIS: They lived since 2.4 and 1.4 million of years ago. The cerebrum was bigger than australophithecus. Their size was between 1.3 meters to 1.4. Their had a more complex diet based on omnivorism. Created easier and more complex tools.
HOMO ERECTUS: Their brain was even bigger. Their body was more similar to humans shape. They used the fire and dominated it. Their forehead was lower. They emigrated to other places.
The genus homo-habitat-First representatives
HOMO ERGASTER:They used to live in Africa, at the actual, Ethiopeia or Kenia.
HOMO HABILIS: They lived in Africa, in the actual: Tanzania, ethiopia, Kenia or Southafrica.
HOMO ERECTUS: They lived in Africa and tehy also moved to Asia or Europe. In the actual, Spain, China, Georgia or Kenia.
The genus homo-fossils-First representatives
HOMO ERGASTER:
HOMO HABILIS:
HOMO ERECTUS:
The early europeans-characteristics
HOMO HEIDENBERGELSIS Large, robust skull with a low forehead.Used advanced stone tools.Possibly a precursor to Neanderthals in Europe and Homo sapiens in Africa.Adapted to cold climates in areas like Europe.
HOMO ANTECESSOR Considered one of the earliest ancestors of Neanderthals and modern humans.Skull with a slightly sloping forehead.Teeth smaller than Homo erectus, but larger than modern humans.Robust body, but with proportions more similar to Homo sapiens.
HOMO NEARDENTHALISStrong and robust body, adapted to cold climates.Large cranial capacity similar to that of modern humans.Prominent face with a broad nose.They used advanced tools and fire, and performed funerary rituals.
The early europeans-habitat
HOMO HEIDENBERGELSIS They used to live at Europe, Africa and Asia.
HOMO ANTECESSOR In europe, south of France and north of spain.
HOMO NEARDENTHALIS In Europe, cold zones. In the middle east. In occidental Asia.
The early europeans-FOSSILS
HOMO HEIDENBERGELSIS
HOMO ANTECESSOR
HOMO NEARDENTHALIS
Homo sapiens
OLDESTS SITES After emerging in Africa, Homo sapiens began migrating out of the continent to Asia, Europe, and Oceania around 70,000 years ago. The oldest sites outside Africa include the Qafzeh and Skhul caves in Israel, and the Altamira cave in Spain, among others.
ORIGIN Homo sapiens emerged in Africa approximately 300,000 years ago, evolving from species of the genus Homo, such as Homo erectus. The oldest remains have been found at sites such as Jebel Irhoud (Morocco) and Omo Kibish (Ethiopia), suggesting that Africa was the center of their origin.
MORPHOLOGY AND ANATOMY Homo sapiens has a morphology that distinguishes it from other species of the genus Homo. Its skull is more rounded and has a larger capacity (1,300–1,400 cm³), with a vertical and less prominent forehead than in species such as Homo neanderthalensis. Its face is smaller, with a less robust jaw and smaller teeth, reflecting a different diet. Furthermore, its body is more slender and adapted to efficient bipedalism and thermoregulation.
Homo sapiens
FIRSTS SYMBOLIC AND ARTISTICS MANIFESTATIONS One of the most well-known artistic representation are the paintings of the Altamira cave or the paintings of the chauvet cave in France.