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Object Annotation 5 - Byzantium
Ben Lashley
Created on March 14, 2025
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Transcript
The interior of the church is adorned with several mosaics, each depicting prominent figures in Byzantine society. The most prominent mosaics depict Justinian and his court, Empress Theodora and her handmaidens, and Christ accompanied by angels. Each incorporates a mixture of imperial and Christian iconography (for instance, both Jesus and Justinian wear the same sorts of robes, and both have cruciform halos behind their heads). The mosaics are potent representations of figures in the faith while also legitimizing Justinian's rule by placing him in league with Christ.
Subject
The basilica of San Vitale was built over the course of 20 years during the reign of Justinian I, and consecrate din 547. The church stands in Ravenna, Italy, which was a primary base of operations for Byzantine forces during Justinian's expansion back into the Italian peninsula. The church was commissioned by the bishop Ecclesius with funds from a wealthy banker, Julius Argentarius. The church of course served as a place of worship for Christians in the area, but also represented the grandiosity of imperial power to locals.
Context
The San Vitale basilica is the physical embodiment of Justinian's ambitions. Seeing as Ravenna became the central bastion of Byzantine power and influence in the area, it makes sense that the primary place of worship would reflect this in some way. The more Greek architectural conventions and depictions of Justinian alongside Godly figures goes a long way to project the emperor's power to those in Italy.
Connections
Unlike most Byzantine basilicas, San Vitale uses an octagonal plan, setting it apart from the others. The mosaics utilize depth hierarchy, with the most important figures placed in the foreground at the center of the mosaic, while less significant elements are relegated to the sides and the background. Additionally, the color palate provides a brightness to the interior; combined with the vaulted ceilings allowing for more light, the tesserae would practically glow, lending an etheral, divine aura to the interior of the church.