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Volumetric Flow Triangle
lance.hitchins
Created on March 12, 2025
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Transcript
All mathematical triangles require you to know two pieces of information to calculate the third.
V = Q / A
A = Q / V
Q = A x V
All mathematical triangles work by covering over the component you want to find to reveal the equation required.
= Velocity
= Area
Volumetric Flow Triangle
= Quantity
V=
A=
Q=
m/s
m2
m3/s
Mass Flow Rate Triangle Units
Target velocity range for domestic heating systems is between 0.5m/s to 1.5m/s. 0.9m/s & 1m/s are widely regarded as optimal as these achieve the best balance between efficiency and energy output.
V = Flow Rate in metres per second
Volumetric Flow Triangle
A = Cross-sectional Area in square metres
Q = Volumetric flow rate in cubic metres per second
For the purpose of keeping the numbers more managable, we will round answers to a maximum of 6 decimal places: 0.0002826m3/s becomes 0.000283m3/s.
V=
A=
Q=
m/s
m2
m3/s
0.000314 x 0.9 = 0.0002826m3/s
Worked Example: Q = A x V
Calculating Quantity
Using the example covered in calculating cross-sectional area for 22mm copper pipe: A = 0.000314m2. We will use a target velocity of 0.9m/s.
For the purpose of keeping the numbers more managable, we will round answers to a maximum of 6 decimal places: 0.00031444m2 becomes 0.000314m2.
V=
A=
Q=
m/s
m2
m3/s
0.000283 / 0.9 = 0.00031444m2
Worked Example: A = Q / V
Calculating Area
Using the Quantity calculated in the previous example: Q = 0.000283m3/s V = 0.9m/s.
When dealing with flow rates it's unlikely to ever need to go above 1 decimal place: 0.90127389m/s becomes 0.9m/s.
V=
A=
Q=
m/s
m2
m3/s
0.000283 / 0.000314 = 0.90127389m/s
Worked Example: V = Q / A
Calculating Velocity
Using the figures calculated in previous examples: Q = 0.000283m3/s A = 0.000314m2