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Cours 1 - Formation à la phonétique verbotonale

Lautier Fabien

Created on March 11, 2025

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Formation à la phonétique verbotonale

a) La prosodie b) les gestes accompagnateurs c) Les entourages facilitants

1) L'axe clair / sombre 2) Les procédés de correction 3) Exemples de corrections

I - Correction des voyelles

1) L'axe clair / sombre

I - Correction des voyelles

[i] est un son clair alors que [u] sera un son sombre.

L'axe clair / sombre renvoie à la perception du timbre des sons de parole.

1) L'axe clair / sombre

Définitions d'un son clair et d'un son sombre : Un son qualifié de sombre présente une grand volume et un petit orifice. C'est le cas de [u] Un son qualifié de clair offre un petit volume et un grand orifice. C'est le cas de [i].

1) L'axe clair / sombre

Beaucoup d'erreurs vocaliques sont dues à une mauvaise appréciation du timbre. Ainsi, par rapport au son-cible qui est [y] dans le mot « bu »,

  • Un arabophone risque fort de prononcer [i]
  • Un russophone à l'inverse risque de prononcer [u]
De même, alors que le son attendu est [œ] dans « peur »,
    • Un hispanophone peut prononcer [ɛ]
    • Un iranien prononce [ɔ].

1) L'axe clair / sombre

2) Les procédés de corrections

I - Correction des voyelles

La correction phonétique s’effectue simultanément à plusieurs niveaux. L'enseignant opère en temps réel au niveau de la correction d’un segment V ou C en intégrant un geste précis tout en recourant dans le même temps à un paramètre prosodique.

2) Les procédés de correction

"Tout son est inséré dans un mouvement rythmico-intonatif et en subit l’influence."

Petar Guberina
✔ De façon générale, en ce qui concerne le rythme : Pour les voyelles en syllabe accentuée, elles sont naturellement C+. La proéminence rythmique = augmentation de la hauteur.

a) Priorité à la prosodie

2) Les procédés de correction

✔ De façon générale, L’intonation montante renforce la tension des consonnes et valorise les fréquences claires des voyelles ; A l’inverse, l’intonation descendante enlève de la tension aux consonnes et est favorable aux fréquences sombres des voyelles ;

a) Priorité à la prosodie

2) Les procédés de correction

✔ De façon générale, Les mêmes phénomènes s’observent en sommet intonatif : il provoque T+ pour C et C+ pour V ; à l’inverse, le creux intonatif entraine T- pour C et C- pour V.

a) Priorité à la prosodie

2) Les procédés de correction

La gestualité accompagnatrice est très utile dans la gestion des paramètres prosodiques. Un mouvement montant ou descendant de la main est réalisé en même temps qu’une intonation ↗ ou ↘ . Si l’apprenant reprend ce geste, même timidement, ça lui permettra de mieux prononcer ;

b) Les gestes accompagnateurs

2) Les procédés de correction

c) Les entourages facilitants

2) Les procédés de correction

La C1 valorise les fréquences claires ou sombres de la voyelle suivante selon qu’elle soit « éclaircissante » ou « assombrissante »

c) Les entourages facilitants - timbre

2) Les procédés de correction

Exemple d'erreur : j’ai bou un café L'apprenant produit C- soit [u], à la place d'un [y] La consonne [b] peut renforcer la tendance à l’erreur car assombrissante. L’enseignant peut la remplacer momentanément par une consonne éclaircissante et proposer de répéter des séquences où des non mots peuvent apparaître, soit ici : j’ai su j’ai zu, j’ai tu

c) Les entourages facilitants - timbre

2) Les procédés de correction

La consonne subséquente joue un rôle important pour corriger une voyelle exagérément allongée comme c’est le cas pour une production diphtonguée.

c) Les entourages facilitants - La durée

2) Les procédés de correction

Soit l’exemple de [pɹɔmnɛj] pour « promené » prononcé par un Anglais. Pour éradiquer la voyelle finale diphtonguée [ɛj], l’enseignant peut choisir de la faire suivre d’une consonne abrégeante et propose à l’apprenant les modèles [pʁɔmnɛk], [pʁɔmnɛt], [pʁɔmnɛp] avant de revenir à [pʁɔmnɛ] ou [pʁɔmne] ;

c) Les entourages facilitants - La durée

2) Les procédés de correction

Exemple de phrase? - Quel diagnostic? - Quels procédés

a) Confusion entre le [i] et [e]

3) Exemples d'erreurs

Un élève prononce : "Je n'ai plou faim" - Quel diagnostic? - Quels procédés

b) Confusion entre le [u] et [y]

3) Exemples d'erreurs

c) Un élève prononce : "Je n'i pas por" - Quel diagnostic? - Quels procédés

3) Exemples d'erreurs

Les trois erreurs les plus répandues sont la production - d’une voyelle orale suivie de la consonne nasale [n], soit par exemple [an] au lieu de [ɑ̃]. - d’une voyelle orale sans trace de nasalité, soit par exemple [a] ou [ɑ] au lieu de [ɑ̃] ; - confusion entre deux timbres : ainsi chambre est prononcée [ʃɔ̃bʁ] au lieu de [ʃɑ̃bʁ]

d) Les nasales

3) Exemples d'erreurs

Le travail se déroule en deux temps. • 1er temps : Faire prononcer [ləva] - en intonation descendante - en allongeant exagérément la durée de la voyelle [a]. 2ème temps : Faire prononcer, avec la même gestuelle, [ləva] en intonation descendante et en allongeant exagérément la durée de la voyelle [a], puis nasaliser la voyelle en milieu de production soit un passage de [a] à [ɑ̃].

Procédé: suppression de la consonne parasite [n] et nasalisation de la voyelle orale

Les Nasales

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