English lesson about:
MODAL VERBS pt. 2
we will give some further analysis to some others modal verbs
CAN
Function: Expresses ability, possibility, permission, or requests. Examples: Ability: I can swim. (Io so nuotare.) Possibility: It can be cold in winter. (Può fare freddo in inverno.) Permission: You can use my pen. (Puoi usare la mia penna.) Request: Can you help me? (Puoi aiutarmi?)
Form: Affirmative: Subject + can + base verb Negative: Subject + cannot/can't + base verb Question: Can + subject + base verb?
COULD
Function: Past form of can, or more polite/tentative than can. Examples: Past ability: I could swim when I was a child. (Sapevo nuotare quando ero bambino.) Polite request: Could you open the window? (Potresti aprire la finestra?) Suggestion: We could go to the cinema. (Potremmo andare al cinema.) Possibility: It could rain tomorrow. (Potrebbe piovere domani.)
Form: Affirmative: Subject + could + base verb Negative: Subject + could not/couldn't + base verb Question: Could + subject + base verb?
MAY
MIGHT
Function: Expresses permission, possibility, or wishes. Examples: Permission (formal): May I come in? (Posso entrare?) Possibility: It may rain later. (Potrebbe piovere più tardi.) Wishes: May you have a wonderful day! (Ti auguro una splendida giornata!) Form: Affirmative: Subject + may + base verb Negative: Subject + may not + base verb Question: May + subject + base verb?
Function: Expresses possibility (with less certainty than may). Examples: Possibility: She might be at home. (Potrebbe essere a casa.) Suggestion: You might want to call first. (Potresti voler chiamare prima.) Tentative request: I might ask for your help later. (Potrei chiederti aiuto più tardi.) Form: Affirmative: Subject + might + base verb Negative: Subject + might not + base verb Question: Might + subject + base verb? (rare)
MANAGE TO
Function: Expresses success in doing something difficult. Examples: Past success: I managed to pass the exam despite being ill. (Sono riuscito a passare l'esame nonostante fossi malato.) Present: She always manages to solve difficult problems. (Riesce sempre a risolvere problemi difficili.) Future: We'll manage to complete it on time. (Riusciremo a completarlo in tempo.) Form: Affirmative: Subject + manage/managed/will manage + to + base verb Negative: Subject + do/did/will + not + manage + to + base verb Question: Do/Did/Will + subject + manage + to + base verb?
Comparison Table
BE ABLE TO
Function: Alternative to "can" that can be used in all tenses. Examples: Present: I am able to speak three languages. (Sono capace di parlare tre lingue.) Past: She was able to finish the project on time. (È stata in grado di finire il progetto in tempo.) Future: They will be able to attend tomorrow. (Saranno in grado di partecipare domani.) Perfect: I have been able to solve the problem. (Sono stato in grado di risolvere il problema.) Form: Affirmative: Subject + be (conjugated) + able to + base verb Negative: Subject + be (conjugated) + not + able to + base verb Question: Be (conjugated) + subject + able to + base verb?
CLEAN
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Transcript
English lesson about:
MODAL VERBS pt. 2
we will give some further analysis to some others modal verbs
CAN
Function: Expresses ability, possibility, permission, or requests. Examples: Ability: I can swim. (Io so nuotare.) Possibility: It can be cold in winter. (Può fare freddo in inverno.) Permission: You can use my pen. (Puoi usare la mia penna.) Request: Can you help me? (Puoi aiutarmi?)
Form: Affirmative: Subject + can + base verb Negative: Subject + cannot/can't + base verb Question: Can + subject + base verb?
COULD
Function: Past form of can, or more polite/tentative than can. Examples: Past ability: I could swim when I was a child. (Sapevo nuotare quando ero bambino.) Polite request: Could you open the window? (Potresti aprire la finestra?) Suggestion: We could go to the cinema. (Potremmo andare al cinema.) Possibility: It could rain tomorrow. (Potrebbe piovere domani.)
Form: Affirmative: Subject + could + base verb Negative: Subject + could not/couldn't + base verb Question: Could + subject + base verb?
MAY
MIGHT
Function: Expresses permission, possibility, or wishes. Examples: Permission (formal): May I come in? (Posso entrare?) Possibility: It may rain later. (Potrebbe piovere più tardi.) Wishes: May you have a wonderful day! (Ti auguro una splendida giornata!) Form: Affirmative: Subject + may + base verb Negative: Subject + may not + base verb Question: May + subject + base verb?
Function: Expresses possibility (with less certainty than may). Examples: Possibility: She might be at home. (Potrebbe essere a casa.) Suggestion: You might want to call first. (Potresti voler chiamare prima.) Tentative request: I might ask for your help later. (Potrei chiederti aiuto più tardi.) Form: Affirmative: Subject + might + base verb Negative: Subject + might not + base verb Question: Might + subject + base verb? (rare)
MANAGE TO
Function: Expresses success in doing something difficult. Examples: Past success: I managed to pass the exam despite being ill. (Sono riuscito a passare l'esame nonostante fossi malato.) Present: She always manages to solve difficult problems. (Riesce sempre a risolvere problemi difficili.) Future: We'll manage to complete it on time. (Riusciremo a completarlo in tempo.) Form: Affirmative: Subject + manage/managed/will manage + to + base verb Negative: Subject + do/did/will + not + manage + to + base verb Question: Do/Did/Will + subject + manage + to + base verb?
Comparison Table
BE ABLE TO
Function: Alternative to "can" that can be used in all tenses. Examples: Present: I am able to speak three languages. (Sono capace di parlare tre lingue.) Past: She was able to finish the project on time. (È stata in grado di finire il progetto in tempo.) Future: They will be able to attend tomorrow. (Saranno in grado di partecipare domani.) Perfect: I have been able to solve the problem. (Sono stato in grado di risolvere il problema.) Form: Affirmative: Subject + be (conjugated) + able to + base verb Negative: Subject + be (conjugated) + not + able to + base verb Question: Be (conjugated) + subject + able to + base verb?