Behaviorism and Language Learning

Behaviourism in Foreign Language Teaching Methodology

Índice

Definition

Understanding Behaviourism Theory

Pavlov's Theory of Classical Conditioning

Watson's Conditioning Theory

Thorndike's Theory of Connectivism

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Skinner's Theory of Operant Conditioning

Behaviorism and Foreign Language Theory

Implications

Behaviorist say

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Teaching Writing as a Product

Definition

Behaviorism is one of the 4 theories of language acquisition and language learning:

1. Cognitivism,
2. Humanism,
3. Constructivism

Key Figures: B.F. Skinner, John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov and Edward Thorndike. Learning is shaped through stimulus and response. Behavior is observable

Understanding Behaviorism Theory

Repetition

Stimulus is all that is given by the teacher to the learner.

Training

Response is accepted by the student.

Habit

Student is a passive learner, but the behaviour should be observed and measured

Desired Behavior The emergence of behaviour will be stronger when given reinforcement and will disappear when senctenced.

Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning

Two types of simulus:

1. Unconditioned stimulus: automatically generates a stimulus that preceded the response without any learning. E.g. food.
2. Contioned stimulus: brings a conditioned response after being associated with the unconditioned stimulus. E.g. food comes before the bell

Watson's Conditioning Theory

Watson is a purely behaviorist.

Learning is a process of interaction between stimulus and response. This relationship is established from the behaviors and can be observed and can be measured. More complex behaviors are learned by building up a series of responses.

Thorndike's Theory of Connectivism

Learning is the process of forming associations. Classifies the laws of learning:

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02

01

Law of Excercise Drill and practice. This law shows that the main principle of learning is repetition.

Law of Effect The relationship tends to be reinforced if the stimulus response and to be weakened as a result pleasant if the reult is not satisfactory.

Law of Readiness Points out that organism will learn only when it is physically and mentally ready for it.

Skinner's Theory of Operant Conditioning

To understand a person's behavior is absolutely necessary to first understand the relationship between the stimulus to each other, and to understand the response may be raised and the consequences that may arise as a result of the response.

Stimulus- Response. To support behaviorism the Skinner's theory is the most influence

To reinforce the behavior or confirm the behaviour, we require reinforcement. Types of reinforcement: Positive and Negative.

Behaviorism and Foreign Language Teaching Methodology

The application of behaviorism in ALM

1. The organism - The learner
2. The behavior as verbal behavior
3. The stimulus as what is presented of FL
4. The response as the learners' reaction to the stimulus, and
5. The reinforcement, the extrinsic approval and praise of the teacher, fellow sts and self-satisfaction of target language use.

(Fauzati, 2016)

• Grammar translation Method
• Situational Language Teaching and
• Audiolingual Method

ALM is marked by the following characteristics:

1. New L should always be dealt within the sequence of listening, speaking, reading and writing - emphasis on receptive skills before productive.
2. Habit formation
3. Errors avoided
4. Use of dialogues
5. Mimicry, memorization and drill techniques
6. Discouraging the use of mother tongue.
7. The use of language lab

Language is seen as a behavior that can be acquired through conditioning. Emphasis on repetition, drills, and reinforcement.

Foreign Teaching Methodology Behaviorism Implications

In the language learning process I. Shaping - Terminal behavior is reinforced 1. Come on time in the class 2. Active learning process 3. Show the good results of the test 4. Doing their homework (Blankship, 1981) II. Modelling - Teacher is the model for students III. Rewarding and punishing - proposed mainly by Skinner IV. Programmed learning - Principles of Operant Conditioning. V. Assigning - Task components a. Purposes and study in behavioral b. Divides task into sub task c. Determine the relation between sub task d. Determine material and procedures of sub task e. Giving feeddbak in the end of sub task. VI. The language acquisition theories- applied til today.

Behaviorists say....

Thorndike says there are two implications of B in the L L: Theoretical and Practical.

Human born without any perception of language.

Theoretical: Based on the theory of L in B

Human learns language from the environments

Practical: Importance of habits and procedures in LLP

Language is form of culture and human uses the L to communicate.

Teaching Writing as Product

Product Approach Imitating and Transforming models provided by the teacher. Behaviorism theory supports the product approach in teaching writing.

Human Behavior is the result of learning. It can be changed by manipulating and creating learning conditions. Behaviorism theory strongly emphasizes:

• the behavior that can be observed.
• Students behavior is a reaction to the environment.

Conclusions

Referencias

Bibliografía

• Budiman, A. (2017). Behaviorism and Foreign Language Teaching Methodology. ENGLISH FRANCA : Academic Journal of English Language and Education, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.29240/ef.v1i2.171

Paso 2

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