PREINT. 4 RICHMOND

ID LEVEL 2

UNIT 8, 9, 10.

PRE INTERMEDIATE 4

ABOUT YOUR TEACHER

We have got to introduce ourselves all the time in lots of different contexts. But, today we are meeting for the first time. I am writing because I want you to take notes by looking, reading, and listening to your teacher. I am Kodeiska Kimberly Romero Torres. You can tell me "miss Romero" or "teacher." I studied philosophy at San Agustin University, and I also prepared to obtain my certificate in second language from Michigan University by taking the ECCE exam. Currently, I teach both, but these months only English. The most important reason is my 2-year-old little baby. I am a single mother, and I take care of him all day. On one hand, I am affectionate and playful with my students, and on the other hand, demanding. About my personal life: I leave with my mom and two pets. I enjoy my free time practicing occultism and, indeed, reading tarot and pendulum too.

FIRST ACTIVITY: INTRODUCE YOURSELF

* This is your first point of class participation. * Consider the teacher introducing. * Include the things that you learn in las months. * Do not forget feel confortable. Start really simply and casually like your name.

LET'S GET STARED WITH YOUR INTRODUCTION TODAY

LEAD-IN ACTIVITY

UNIT 8 - VOCABULARY: TECHNOLOGY

a active contact lenses

b face recognition device

c speakers

d surveillance camera

e press a button

f vending machine

HOW MUCH TECHNOLOGY DO YOU USE?

8.1. READING

8.1 LISTEN, READ AND COMPLETE

9 A.M. Thursday's finally here, after arelatively busy working week. So, somebody tell me, why on Earth did the home enterteinment system she sould wake me up at 9? __Why are the speakers playing Justin Bieber's old songs? __(a) I specifically requested Mozart.

5 Why are the speakers playing Justin Bieber's old songs?

9.30 A.M. TSmart bathroom seems worried about my health. Apparently, I've gained two punds in the past week. So, here's waht it does: __It sends this information the surveillance camera in the kitchen, and now the smart fridge has locked its doors._(b) No breakfast for me today, thans to the bathroom-fridge conspiracy. How about that?

3 It sends this information to the surveillance camera in the kitchen, and now the smart fridge has locked its doors.

10 A.M. Kitchen appliances still refusing to cooperate, so on my way to mcDonald's now. Yes, McDonald's, of all places. ____(c) I never thought I'd say this, but sometimes I miss human attendants and all their inefficiency.

4 Hope their vending machine's not broken again.

11 A.M. Get into the car ____(d) Third time this week. Could it be the two extra pounds? Guess I have no choice but to answer the same old security wuestions and try to find his sarcasm funny.

1 The face recognition device doesn't know who I am again.

2 P.M. After three hours stuck in the car, trying to prove that I was not an impostor, I get home, sit down and tell the TV I want to watch football. Guess what, it looks like she has decided that I'm in the mood for classical ballet today. ____(e)

6 Oh, I miss the days when I could simply press a button and decide what to watch.

6 P.M. Having a great time at my mohter-in-law 102nd birthday party, especially with the sound cancellation ear plugs I bought last week. What a fantastic device! It makes her voice sound much nicer. ____(f)

2 And her skin looks better too, thanks to the active contact lenses that came as a free gift.

MAKE IT PERSONAL

PRACTICE IN PAIRS

Look at this video and then create a funny conversation with your partner.

8.2 HOW OFTEN DO YOU CHARGE UP YOUR MOBILE PHONE?

VOCABULARY

CONVERSATION 1 - PICTURE 4

f Woul you li ke me to print it out?

g Don't switch on the printer!

CONVERSATION 2 - PICTURE 2

b Let me plug you in.

c You forgot to charge me up this morning.

8.2 HOW OFTEN DO YOU CHARGE UP YOUR MOBILE PHONE?

VOCABULARY

CONVERSATION 3 - PICTURE 3

d Turn the radio up!

e Please turn down the volume.

CONVERSATION 4 - PICTURE 2

a You know you can't sitch me off!

PHRASAL VERBS: FRASE IDIOMÁTICA

GRAMMAR

EXPRESIÓN IDIOMÁTICA QUE SE COMPONE DEUN VERBO + UNA PROPOSICIÓNO UN ADVERBIO JUNTOS ADQUIEREN UN NUEVO SIGNIFICADO. E.G.

* BREAK: romper - I broke my leg yesterday. * BREAK DOWN: descomponer, derribar - He broke dowm the wall. * BREAK UP: romper relación romántica - Eugene broke up whit her boyfriend.

PHRASAL VERBS: FRASE IDIOMÁTICA

GRAMMAR

EXPRESIÓN IDIOMÁTICA QUE SE COMPONE DE UN VERBO + UNA PROPOSICIÓNO UN ADVERBIO JUNTOS ADQUIEREN UN NUEVO SIGNIFICADO. E.G. * TURN UP: subir, aumentar * GIVE BACK: devolver * LOOK (sth) UP: buscar información * SWITCH ON: prender * FIND OUT: darse cuenta, enterarse que * LOOK UP: mira para arriba * SWITCH OFF: apagar * LOOK DOWN: mira para abajo. * LOOK AT: presta atención, mirar *PLUG IN: conectar * CHARGE UP: cargar (battery) * LOOK FOR: buscar * GET IN: llegar a casa * DROP OUT: abandonar, desertar la escuela * PUT IN: insertar en, poner en * TAKE OFF: quitar, sacar (prenda de vestir)

GRAMMAR

EXERCISES

1 A Complete 1-5 with the prepositions from the box. DOWN IN (X2) OFF OUT UP 1. Please switch ________ the lights when you leave. 2. Where can I plug ________ my mobile phone? I need to charge it ________ . 3. Can you turn tha aur conditioning ________ a little? It's really cold in here. 4. When you buy a plane ticket, the ocmpany emails it to you so you can print it ________ at home. 5. Get ________ the car and I'll take you to the bus station.

GRAMMAR

EXERCISES

1 B Order the words in 1-5 to make sentences and questions. 1. Horror / you / films / are / into / ? Are you into horror films? (¿Te gustan las películas de terror?) 2. she / her / looking / glasses / for / is / . _______________________________________________________ 3. many / of / have / uni / dropped / year / how / out / people / this / ? _______________________________________________________ 4. money / did / put / much / the / vending / in / machine / he / how / ? _______________________________________________________ 5. off / before / shoes / take / in / your / you / come / . _______________________________________________________

GRAMMAR

ON/OFF/DOWN/ UP

8.3. IN THE FUTURE, WILL SPACE HOLIDAYS WILL BE POPULAR?

HARRY REID AND PENNY DUFF

1 Will we be able to communicate through thought transmission?

2 Will computers have emotions or some sort of consciousness?

3 Are we going to travel through time?

4 Are computers going to be more intelligent than us?

Paragraph 1 - .......................

Paragraph 2 - .......................

Paragraph 3 - .......................

GRAMMAR

FUTURE TENSE

IS IT A PLAN OR A PROBABILITY?

WILL OR BE GOINT TO?

GRAMMAR

FUTURE TENSE

ALGO QUE PUEDE PASAR,SE TE ACABA DE OCURRIR

ALGO QUE PASARÁ, ES UN PLAN, TIENES INTENCIÓN

ALGO QUE PASARÁ HORARIOS PARA EVENTOS

WILL / WON'T BE

BE GOING TO

BE (PRESENT)

GRAMMAR

EXERCISES

FUTURE PERFECT

GRAMMAR

ALGO QUE PASARÁ PERO HAY UNA FECHA EN LA QUE TIENE QUE OCURRIR.

WILL HAVE (HABER) + PAST PARTICIPLE

MIS ESTUDIANTES HABRAN DESAPROBADO EL INGLÉS AL FINAL DEL MES. MY STUDENTS WILL HAVE FAILED ENGLISH AT THE END OF THE MONTH.

IN - ON - AT

TIME

MORE SPECIFIC

VERY SPECIFIC

GENERAL

(BIGGER)

• centuries
• decades
• years
• months
• weeks
• seasons
• parts of the day

• hours
• holidays
• weekend
• some parts of the day

• days
• day + specific part of the day

• specific date

AT

ON

IN

Examples:

Examples:

• at 2 p.m., at 6 o'clock
• at lunchtime
• at breakfast, at dinner
• at the weekend
• at Halloween
• at noon, at midday
• at night, at midnight
• at dawn (amanecer)

Examples:

• on Tuesday
• on August first
• on Christmas day
• on Wednesday afternoon
• on Tuesday evening

• in the 21st century
• in 1980
• in July
• in 2 weeks
• in (the) sping
• in the afternoon

GRAMMAR

EXERCISES

PHONETIC CHART

There are eleven vowel sounds in English.

[ i: ] (í)(ii) e.g. need - feet - see - eat - sea

[ I ] e.g. hit - this - sit - ship - thin

[Ʊ] (u) e.g. good - book - took - put

[Ʊ:] (uu) e.g. new - few - shoes - cool - shoot

[e] (e) e.g. bed - went - let - head

[ə] e.g. the - about - again - teacher (UK)

There are eleven vowel sounds in English.

[ ʌ ] (a) e.g. bus - run - mother - up

[ər] e.g. her - work - sure

[ɔ:] (oo) e.g. all - law - tough

[ɑ] (o) e.g. hot - lock - want

[æ] e.g. hat - bad - answer - cat

Phonetic of these four consonants

e.g.

dog, drum, add

(sonido de la'd' en español)

('d' con la lengua entre los dientes)

e.g.

mother, father, this

(sonido de la 'z' en español)

think, teeth, healthy

e.g.

sonido de la 't' en español)

e.g.

table, tea, tourist

VERBS TENSES

PRESENT

VERBALTENSE

CHARACTERISTIC

They are the structured way to communicate the past, present or future of actions and life situations.

- Rutinas, hechos generales o verdades universales

SIMPLE

- Acciones que están ocurriendo en este momento.

CONTINUOUS

- Empezó en el pasado y continúa o tiene relevancia en el presente.

PERFECT

- Empezó en el pasado, continua en el presente + el tiempo en el que se esta haciendo esa actividad.

PROGRESSIVE PERFECT

PRESENT

VERBALTENSE

CHARACTERISTIC

- I work every day.

SIMPLE

NOUN + VERB + COMPLEMENT.

NOUN + VERB TO BE + VERB- ING + COMPLEMENT.

- I am working right now.

CONTINUOUS

- I have worked here since 2010.

NOUN + HAVE/HAS + VERB PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT.

PERFECT

PROGRESSIVE PERFECT

- I have been working for three hours.

NOUN + HAVE/HAS + BEEN + VERB -ING + COMPLEMENT.

- I would work here.

NOUN + WOUL + VERB + COMPLEMENT.

CONDICIONAL SIMPLE

PAST

SUBDIVISIÓN

EJEMPLO

SIMPLE

I learned English.

Aprendí inglés.

I was learning English.

Estaba aprendiendo inglés.

CONTINUO

I had learned English.

PERFECTO

Había aprendido inglés.

I had been learning English.

PERFECTOPROGRESIVO

Habría estado aprendiendo inglés.

I would have learned English.

CONDICIONALPERFECTO SIMPLE

Habría aprendido inglés.

CONDICIONALPERFECTO CONTINUO

I would have been learning English.

Habría estado aprendiendo inglés

FUTURE

SUBDIVISIÓN

EJEMPLO

SIMPLE

I will learn English.

Aprenderé inglés. (predicción, decisión)

SIMPLE (GOING TO)

I am going to learn English.

Voy aprender inglés. (plan, intención)

I will be learning English.

CONTINUO

Estaré aprendiendo inglés.

PERFECTO

I will have learned Englishbefore I travel to the U.S.

Habré aprendido inglés antes de viajar a los Estados Unidos.(se habrá completado antes de un punto futuro).

By next year, I will have been learning English for three years.

PERFECTO CONTINUO

Para el próximo año, habré estado aprendiendo inglés por tres años.Enfatiza la duración de una acción que habrá estado ocurriendo hasta cierto momento en el futuro).

Each verb tense has an auxiliary. The auxiliary expresses what we want in different tenses, modes or voices.

AUXILIAR VERBS

* EMPHASIS (énfasis en una actividad "...sí que...")

WHAT ARE THEY FOR?

e.g. I do like dance. Sí que me gusta danzar.

EXPRESS:

Auxiliary verbs are essential for forming correct grammar in English, especially in making questions, negatives, and compound tenses.

* TENSE

* PASSIVE VOICE

* ASPECT (compound times)

Sometimes, they have translation as verbs: - DO, DOES: hacer - CAN: poder - MUST: deber

e.g. has been

* MODALITY

e.g. can, may, shall

AUXILIAR VERBS

(3) Verb "to do". 3.1. Preguntas y negaciones en presente y pasado simple. e.g. * Do you like coffee? * She doesn't like play soccer. * Did you watch this movie?

PRIMARIOS O PRINCIPALES

(1) Verb "to be" 1.1. Continuo 1.2. Voz pasiva

para el presente y pasado

SECUNDARIOS O MODALES

e.g. * She is playing now. * Tha book was written by him.

Expresan posibilidad, capacidad, permiso, obligación, sugerencia. Siempre van seguidos de un verbo en su forma base (infinitivo sin "to").

(1) will (6) shall(2) may (7) should(3) might (8) would(4) can (9) must(5) could (10) ought to

(2) Verb "have" , "has" 2.1. Perfecto e.g. * They have finished their homework.

MODAL VERBS

posibilidad (menos probable)

MIGHT

e.g. * It might rain. Podría llover.

capacidad / permiso

CAN

MUST

obligación fuerte / deducción

e.g. * I can swim Puedo nadar.

e.g. * You must wear a seatbelt. Debes usar cinturón.

capacidad en el pasado/posibilidad / cortesía

COULD

SHALL

(UK) ofrecimientos / sugerencias

e.g. * Could you help me? ¿Podrías ayudarme?

e.g. * Shall we dance? ¿Bailamos?

permiso formal / posibilidad

MAY

SHOULD

consejo / recomendación

e.g. * May I leave early? ¿Puedo salir temprano?

e.g. * You should study more. Deberías estudiar más

MODAL VERBS

posibilidad pasada

COULD HAVE

futuro / voluntad

WILL

e.g. * I could have won. Podría haber ganado.

e.g. * I will call you tomorrow. Te llamaré mañana.

condicional pasado

WOULD HAVE

WOULD

condicional / cortesía

e.g. * I would go if I could. Irñia si pudiera.

e.g. * She would have come. Ella habría venido.

MODAL compuesto

posibilidad pasda incierta

MIGHT HAVE

reproche / lo correcto que no se hizo

SHOULD HAVE

e.g. * He might have left already. Quizás ya se fue.

e.g. * You should have called me. Deberías haberme llamado.

GRAMMAR

ZERO AND FIRST CONDITIONAL

e.g. * If you mix red and yellow, you get orange. (Si mezclas rojo y amarillo, obtienes anaranjado.) ( Siempre sucederá así) * If you cut yourself, you bleed. (Si te cortas, sangras.) * When you live in a small place, you don't need so much furniture. (Cuando vives en un lugar pequeño, no necesitas tantos muebles.)

ZERO AND FIRST CONDITIONAL

GRAMMAR

e.g. with the first conditional (stay at home tonight or win the lottery) (como hay mayor probabilidad de quedarme en casa, uso el primer condicional) * If I stay at home today, I will watch doramas. * You won't have so many rooms if you go small.

GRAMMAR exercises

ZERO AND FIRST CONDITIONAL

COMPLETE THE EMAIL WITH THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERBS IN BRACKETS

Hi Mickey, Thanks for your email. It's good to hear that you finally found a place to live. You've been looking for ages! The studio you found sounds perfect for one person. When you 1 ______ (live) alone, you 2 ______ (not need) a lot of space. Mark and I moved into our cottage last month. I can't believe we finally own our own home. The house is beautiful and we love living in the country. It has a large back garden with a lot of flowers. When we 3 ______ (have) more time, we 4 ______ (build) a patio to have barbecues in the summer. If you 5 ______ (come) to see it, you 6 ______ (not be) disappointed. Good luck with the move, it can be quite stressful! If you 7 ______ (be) organised, I'm sure you 8 ______ (be) fine. My advice is to do it at the weekend and make sure you have enough boxes! I have a rule. Every time I 9 ______ (get) stressed out when I'm moving house, I 10 ______ (take) a break for ten minutes. Try and do the same! Write soon, Laura

VOCABULARY

Surveillance: vigilancia Device: artefacto Vending: para las ventas

GRAMMAR

-ING OR -ED?

I FEEL

I THINK

SHE IS EXCITED / EXCITING TO EAT HER ICE CREAM.

GRAMMAR

I AM CONFUSED / CONFUSING ABOUT ENGLISH GRAMMAR.

BEING ON VACATION IS RELAXED / RELAXING.

I DON'T FEEL RELAXED / RELAXING ON MY VACATIONS.

SAM THOUGHT THE MARATHON WAS CHALLENGED / CHALLENGING.

ARE YOU CONFUSED / CONFUSING? DON'T WORRY, I'LL EXPLAIN.

PRACTICE OF GRAMMAR

READ JEN'S DIARY

PRACTICE OF GRAMMAR

READ JEN'S DIARY

PRACTICE OF GRAMMAR

READ JEN'S DIARY

PRACTICE OF GRAMMAR

READ JEN'S DIARY

GRAMMAR

COMPLETE THE ADVERBS & PRACTICE YOUR PRONUNTATION

EASTERN DAY!

READ ABOUT THIS ENGLAND TRADITION!

The Easter Bunny is one of the most famous symbols of Easter in England. The tradition of the Easter Bunny dates back to the 1700s. It is believed that the idea of a rabbit delivering eggs came from the idea of fertility, as rabbits are known to have many babies. In the past, eggs were painted and decorated in many countries, and they were used as a symbol of new life. In Germany, children would make nests in the garden for the Easter Bunny to lay its eggs. The tradition spread to England, and soon children began to expect the Easter Bunny to deliver eggs to them on Easter Sunday.

Today, in England, the Easter Bunny is often seen in parks, shopping centers, and schools. Children look for chocolate eggs and other treats that the bunny leaves behind. This tradition brings excitement and joy to the Easter celebrations, and many families enjoy taking part in Easter egg hunts. The Easter Bunny has become a symbol of fun and renewal, celebrating the arrival of spring and the joy of Easter.

WRITING!

An essay expressing an opinion.

This essay is thematically linked to a given prompt and requires you to discuss an issue from your point of view. Below is a general plan of this type of essay with questions to help you when planning one.

INTRODUCTION: *Introduce the subject of the essay. * What are you going to discuss. * State your opinion. * How do you feel about it? MAIN PART: * Choose two main aspects of the * What points/aspects of the problem (2- 3 paragraphs) problem/situation. / situation are you going to discuss? * Group related ideas in two para- * What kind of evidence are you going graphs and suppot them with to include? justification / examples. CONCLUSION: * Summerize your points * What is your overall opinion of the * Restate (reexpresa) your opinion. issue?

GUIDE TO WRITING * Try to bae your points on facts or use an example to justify them. * Suggest one or two solutions and elaborate on the rather than simply listing different solutions. * Use a wide range of vocabulary and a variety of grammatical structures. * Use linking word/ phrases to join your sentences /paragraphs and make to essay easier to follow. Look at the table on the next slide for ideas.

LINKING WORDS / PHRASES

LISTING POINTS: Initially, first (of all), at first, to begin/ start with, second, secondly, then, next, finally, eventually, lastly, last but not least, to conclude, in conclusion. ADDING MORE POINTS: In addition (to this), furthermore, morover, apart from, besides, what is more, as well as, not only...but also EMPHASIZING: In fact, as a matter of fact, no matter how, however (+ adjective), even, indeed, actually, instead GIVING EXAMPLES: For example, for instance, such as, like EXPRESSING RESULTS So, therefore, as a result/consequence, consequently, in this case, for this OR CONSEQUENCE: reason, otherwise, or, so/ such...that EXPRESSING CONTRAST: But, however, nevertheless, on the other hand, contrary to, in contrast, regardless of, in comparison to, although, even though, despite, in spite of EXPRESSING REASON: Because (of), since, as, due to, owing to EXPRESSING PORPUSE: In order to, so as to, so that, in case, for, to CLARIFYING MEANING: specifacally, to be more specific/precise, in other words, that is to say SUMMERIZING: To sum up, to summarize, all in all, on the whole, in short

GUIDE TO WRITING * In our case, WHAT IS OUR SUBJECT? * Here yu have an example of "introduction" that you can include in your own esssay. "Easter Day, or Easter Sunday, is one of the most important celebrations for many people around the world. It marks the resurrection of Jesus Christ in Christian tradition, but over time, it has also become a day of fun and family activities. In this essay, ......." * You can discuss: 1. What do you think is the most important part of Easter Day? 2. Is it the religious significance or the fun traditions like the Easter Bunny and egg hunts? 3. How do you celebrate Easter? Do you think these traditions are important for family bonding? 4. In your opinion, is Easter a holiday that people from different cultures or religions can enjoy? Why or why not? 5. What do you think is the role of the Easter Bunny in the modern celebration of Easter? Is it just for children, or do adults enjoy it too? 6. How do you think Easter has changed over the years? Has its meaning or the way it is celebrated evolved in your country?

WHO - WHICH - THAT

RELATIVE CLAUSES

WHICH

THAT

WHO

• EL/ LA CUAL
• LOS/ LAS CUALES

• QUIÉN, QUIENES

• QUE

• PEOPLE
• CAN BE USED TO ASK A QUESTIONS

• PEOPLE
• THINGS

• ANIMAL
• THINGS
• CAN BE USED TO ASK A QUESTIONS

Examples:

Examples:

Examples:

• WWI was a war that began in 1914.

• Martin was the man who was injured.

• Who was responsible for the damage?

• The carpet which you bought is ugly.

• Which animal in the book is the cutest?

Hi Mickey, Thanks for your email. It's good to hear that you finally found a place to live. You've been looking for ages! The studio you found sounds perfect for one person. When you 1 live alone, you 2 don't need a lot of space.Mark and I moved into our cottage last month. I can't believe we finally own our own home. The house is beautiful and we love living in the country. It has a large back garden with a lot of flowers. When we 3 have more time, we 4 will build a patio to have barbecues in the summer. If you 5 come to see it, you 6 will be disappointed.Good luck with the move, it can be quite stressful! If you 7 are organised, I'm sure you 8 will be fine. My advice is to do it at the weekend and make sure you have enough boxes!I have a rule. Every time I 9 get stressed out when I'm moving house, I 10 take a break for ten minutes. Try and do the same!Write soon, Laura