Female Marine Scientists

Female Marine Scientists

Marie Tharp

Sylvia Earle

Dr. Nancy Foster

Dawn Jeannine Wright

Pamela Chelgren-Koterba

Maria Mitchell

Eugenie Clark

Dr Sarah Nelms

Asha de Vos

Katsuko Saruhashi

Captain Maureen Kenny

Alessandra Giannascoli

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Let’s Dive into the BLUE!

Sylvia Earle

1935 - ...

Marine biologist, oceanographer, environmental advocate, author, and explorer

AwardS

Work

Born: August 30, 1935

Studies

Achievements

a renowned scientist and explorer still today - a living legend.

Marie Tharp

1920-2006

American geologist and oceanographic cartographer

AwardS

Work

birth/Death

Studies

Achievements

one of the four greatest cartographers of the 20th century

Dr. Nancy Foster

1937-2000

1941/2000

Marine Biology

AwardS

Work

Studies

Achievements

Champion of Ocean Conservation

DAWN JEANNINE WRIGHT

April 15, 1961 (age 64)

Professor of the year

AwardS

Work

Born/Death

Studies

Achievements

NCSE Friend

Pamela Chelgren-Koterba

1950

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AwardS

Work

birth/Death

Studies

Achievements

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Maria Mitchell

1818-1889

1 AUGUST 1818 - 28 june 1889

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Work

1818/1889

Studies

Achievements

The first female astronomer in the United States

Katsuko Saruhashi

1920-2007

Japanese geochemisT

AwardS

Work

1920/2007

Studies

Achievements

Miyake Prize for Geochemistry (1985) Tanaka Prize of the Society of Sea Water Sciences (1993)

Captain Maureen Kenny

1938-2020

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AwardS

Work

Born in 1953

Studies

Achievements

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Eugenie Clark

1922-2015

Eugenie Clark (May 4, 1922 – February 25, 2015), popularly known as The Shark Lady, was an American ichthyologist.

AwardS

Work

birth/Death

Clark was popularly recognized and used her fame to promote marine conservation.

Studies

Achievements

Alessandra Giannascoli

1983 - ...

marine biologistRESEARCHER

born in 1983

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Work

Studies

Achievements

Master Reef Guide

Asha de Vos

1979 - ....

marine and environmental biologist

born in 1979 in Sri Lanka and she is still alive to this day

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Work

Studies

Achievements

Sri Lankan marine biologist, ocean educator and pioneer of blue whale research

Dr Sarah Nelms

Lecturer in Marine Vertebrate Ecology and Conservation at the University of Exeter from 12 October 2021 to present

Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography

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Work

birth

Studies

Achievements

PhD Researcher at the University of Exeter and Plymouth Marine Laboratory

Female Marine Scientists

COLLABORATIVE PRESENTATION created by PARTNERS eTwinning project "Let’s Dive into the BLUE!" Collaborating schools SCHOOL - COUNTRY - TEACHER 1st Arsakeio Senior High School of Psychico - Greece - Katerina Glezou Institut Escola Daniel Mangrané, Tortosa, Catalonia - Spain - Sara Llésera Ortega 1st EPAL of Eleftheroupoli - Greece - Ioanna Gkolia GEL Naxou Manolis Glezos - Greece - Elisabeth Rota Instituto Nossa Senhora da Encarnação, Cooperativa de Ensino - Portugal - CArla Dias & Samuel Branco Szkoła Podstawowa im. Orła Białego w Sokołowicach - Poland - Justyna Plota 1st Arsakeio Junior High School of Psychico - Greece - Mary Marin Model Senior High School of Zosimaia, Ioannina, Greece - Katerina Tachmatzidou Liceo Classico Virgilio Marone, Avellino Italy - Gabriella Pecora Ibn Sina Secondary School - Tunisia - Aicha Benslimen Johannes-Brahms-Schule Pinneberg - Germany - Cristina Costa Thiele

eTwinningProject2024-2025

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1835

In 1835, she opened her own school, allowing non-white students to attend -- a controversial decision in a community where the public school was segregated. In 1836, she took a job as the first librarian of the Nantucket Atheneum, a position she held for 20 years..

Birth

1953

Captain Maureen Kenny was born in 1953 in Richmond, California.

Dr Sarah Nelms has grown up near the coast and the sea has always been an important part of her life. As she learnt more about the marine environment at school and college, she realised just how valuable and interesting it is. She also learnt how human actions are threatening the oceans and she just felt that she needed to help protect them

Early life and education

Both her parents, Alice Freas (Richie) Earle and Lewis Reade Earle, were enthusiastic about the outdoors and supportive of their daughter's early interests in the natural world. The family moved to Dunedin on the western coast of Florida during Earle's childhood. Earle received an associate degree from St. Petersburg Jr. College (1952), a Bachelor of Science degree from Florida State UniverHersity (1955), a Master of Science (1956) and a Doctorate of Phycology (1966) from Duke University.

Here you can put a highlighted title

When giving a presentation, you should pursue two objectives: to convey information and to avoid yawns. To achieve this, it may be good practice to create an outline and use words that will stick in your audience's mind.

1876

She gave an important speech during the nation’s centennial year in 1876 entitled “The Need for Women in Science.”.

Her experience at the University of Ancona was disappointing: she found an anonymous environment, with little meritocracy and few career opportunities. After graduation, a negative experience during a university competition, where she was told that the position had already been assigned to someone else, pushed her to leave Italy. Today she has realized her dream in Cairns, Australia.

1994

She also completed an interdisciplinary PhD in Physical Geography and Marine Geology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, in 1994

mITCHELL'S A MEMBER OF THE American Academy of Arts and Sciences

On October 1, 1847, at age 29, Maria Mitchell discovered the comet that would be named "Miss Mitchell's Comet," using a two-inch telescope. She was awarded a gold medal from King Frederick VI of Denmark and became the first woman elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1848.

Artificial radioisotopes in seawater

In response to the influx of nuclear testing occurring in the Pacific, the Japanese Government requested that Saruhashi – along with Yasuo Miyake - lead a research project into the long-term and global effects of such activities.Saruhashi worked at the Central Meteorological Observatory in Tokyo to find a new method for measuring radioactive fallout.Saruhashi and Miyake concluded that the differing quantities of artificial radioisotopes found in the Pacific was a direct consequence of the nuclear testing occurring in the Pacific Tropics.

AWARDS

• 1958 - established the Society of Japanese Women Scientists to promote women in the sciences and contribute to world peace.[10]
• 1979 - named executive director of the Geochemical Laboratory.
• 1980 - first woman elected to the Science Council of Japan.
• 1981 - won the Avon Special Prize for Women, for researching peaceful uses of nuclear power and raising the status of women scientists.
• 1981 - established the Saruhashi Prize, given yearly to a female scientist who serves as a role model for younger women scientists.[2]
• 1985 - first woman to win the Miyake Prize for geochemistry.
• 1993 - won the Tanaka Prize from the Society of Sea Water Sciences.

Awards and Honors:

• Department of Commerce Gold Medal (1993): Recognized for her exceptional contributions to marine conservation.
• Presidential Rank Award for Meritorious Service (1999): Honored for her outstanding leadership and dedication to environmental management.
• Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship Program (2000): Established posthumously by NOAA to support graduate students, particularly women and minorities, pursuing degrees in oceanography, marine biology, or maritime archaeology.
• FOSTERSCHOLARS.NOAA.GOV
• NOAA Research Vessel "Nancy Foster": Commissioned in 2004, this vessel was named in her honor to continue marine research and conservation efforts.
• Dr. Foster's legacy continues to inspire and support advancements in marine science and conservation.

Master Reef Guide

Master Reef Guide is an accreditation bestowed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority. Alessandra is one of them, and there are only about 60 others along the whole Queensland coast. They’re chosen not just for their detailed knowledge of the reef and marine biology, but for their storytelling ability – and that’s so important right now when almost all visitors are Australian. We need to see the reef as more than just colourful fish and pretty coral, and more than just ‘threatened’. We need to understand its story so that we can be a part of it.

Born

1961

Dawn Jeannine Wright, born on 15 April 1961, is an American geographer and oceanographer, recognised as a world reference in the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to ocean and coastal science.

Jun 2025

"A global assessment of microplastic abundance and characteristics on marine turtle nesting beaches""Monitoring plastic pollution using bioindicators: a global review and recommendations for marine environments"JOURNAL ARTICLES, Dr Sarah Nelms

1966

In 1966, Clark left Cape Haze for a faculty position at the City University of New York. In 1968, she became an instructor at the University of Maryland, College Park. While at the University of Maryland, Clark received many accolades, including three fellowships, five scholarships, and six medals. Clark officially retired from the University of Maryland in 1999 but taught one class in the zoology department each semester for several years.

Qualifications:

• 2015 - 2019 PhD Biological Sciences, Plymouth Marine Labatory and University of Exeter
• 2014 MSc Conservation and Biodiversity, University of Exeter (Penryn campus)
• 2007 BSc (Hons) Environmental Biology, Universty of Plymouth

One of the visiting researchers at Cape Haze Laboratory was Sylvia Earle, who was then working on her dissertation research on algae at Duke University. Earle assisted Clark in creating a herbarium by depositing duplicate specimens into the laboratory's reference collection.

2022

She was the first black woman to dive to the ocean floor in the deep submersible ALVIN and, in 2022, she became the first and only black person to explore the Challenger Deep, the deepest point on Earth.

Studies and education

Pamela Chelgren-Koterba was born in 1950 in Annapolis, Maryland, and raised at various locations in the United States.[1] She was the third of seven children of Captain John Chelgren, a career U.S. Navy officer who served as the technical director of the anti-air warfare ship acquisition project (1969–1972), and Ruth Henderson, an opera singer.[1][2] As a child she learned piano and flute and excelled at mathematics; while attending high school in 1967 in Bremerton, Washington, she was selected to attend the competitive summer mathematics institute at Western Washington State College.[1] She finished her high school studies in Point Mugu, California, and enrolled as an undergraduate at the University of California at Berkeley, where she studied bioengineering and received a Bachelor's of Science in 1972.[1][3][4] At Berkeley, she worked at the Space Sciences Laboratory, where she was responsible for checking data tapes for the OGO 5 satellite.[1]

to make a difference

“To make a difference, you actually had to go to the same place all the time,” she explains to me. “If you move around, then your data collection is not accurate, so you have to look over and over and over at the same patch.”

https://docs2.cer-rec.gc.ca/ll-eng/llisapi.dll/fetch/2000/90464/90552/548311/956726/2392873/2451003/2482816/B151%2D8_%2D_Trans_Mountain_Response_to_Raincoast_IR_No.1.01a%2DChelgren%2DKoterba%2DResume_%2D_A3Y3C7.pdf?nodeid=2482298&vernum=-2

Diving

Earle first learned to dive with SCUBA gear while attending Florida State University. She majored in botany and graduated in 1955. Later that year she enrolled in the master’s program in botany at Duke University, graduating in 1956. She completed her thesis work on algae in the Gulf of Mexico. Earle married American zoologist John Taylor in 1957 and started a family. (She and Taylor later divorced.) She completed a Ph.D. in 1966, publishing her dissertation Phaeophyta of the Eastern Gulf of Mexico in 1969. For this project she collected over 20,000 samples of algae.

discoveries

Tharp's work revealed the presence of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which caused a paradigm shift in Earth sciences that led to the acceptance of the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift.

INTRODUCTION

Full Name: Sylvia Alice Earle Born: August 30, 1935, in Gibbstown, New Jersey, USASylvia Earle is an American oceanographer, aquanaut, former chief National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) chief scientist, and author of over 180 marine science and technology publications. She has led over 100 expeditions, logging more than 7,000 hours underwater. She has received more than 100 national and international honors. Sylvia Earle is often affectionately referred to as “Her Deepness.”

1949

In 1949, under an Office of Naval Research program to undertake scientific research in Micronesia, Clark carried out fish population studies in Guam, the Marshall Islands, the Palau islands, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Caroline Islands. After completing doctoral research, Clark received a Fulbright Scholarship to pursue ichthyological studies at the Marine Biological Station in Hurghada, on the northern Red Sea Coast of Egypt. These experiences were discussed in Clark's first book, Lady with a Spear (1953), the writing of which was supported in part by a Eugenie Saxton Memorial Fellowship and a Breadloaf Writers' Fellowship. The book was a popular success.

Educational Background

She earned her undergraduate degree from Texas Woman's University, followed by a master's degree in marine biology from Texas Christian University. In 1969, she completed her Ph.D. in marine biology at George Washington University, focusing her dissertation on the Spionidae (Polychaeta) of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea.

She is a marine and environmental biologist. De Vos's primary education was at Ladies colege Colombo and after completing her primary education followed by the Colombo International school, she moved to Scotland for her undergraduate studies in marine and environmental biology at the University of st Andrews. She went on to gain her master's in integratiri Lankan government on whale ship strikes. De Vos is an invited member of the IUCN Species Survival Commission's Cetaceave bio-sciences at the University of Oxford and a PhD from the University of western Australia. De Vos is the first and only Sri Lankan to gain a PhD in marine mammal research.

Expeditions

Earle led numerous undersea expeditions over her career. Her oceanographic research took her to such places as the Galapagos Islands, China, and the Bahamas. In the 1970s she began an association with the National Geographic Society to produce books and films on life in Earth’s oceans. In 1976 she became a curator and a research biologist at the California Academy of Sciences. In 1979 she became curator of phycology at the California Academy of Sciences. On September 19, 1979, she set the world untethered diving record, descending 381 meters (1,250 feet) beneath the surface of the Pacific Ocean in a JIM diving suit, a special diving apparatus that maintains an interior pressure of 1 standard atmosphere (14.70 pounds per square inch). During the early 1980s Earle founded Deep Ocean Engineering and Deep Ocean Technology with British engineer Graham Hawkes, her third husband. Together they designed the submersible Deep Rover, a vehicle capable of reaching depths of 914 meters (3,000 feet) beneath the surface of the ocean.

Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship

The Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship Program recognizes outstanding scholarship and encourages independent graduate level research in oceanography, marine biology, maritime archaeology—these may include but are not limited to ocean and/or coastal: engineering, social science, marine education, marine stewardship, cultural anthropology, and resource management disciplines.

In 1972, Chelgren joined the NOAA Corps and completed the NOAA Basic Officer Training Course in Kings Point, New York, thereafter being commissioned an ensign, the first woman to receive an officer commission in the service's history.[1][3][5] At the time of joining the NOAA Corps, she was unaware there were no women members. In an interview, she stated that – while she agreed with the elimination of discrimination against women in the workplace – she did not belong to any women's liberation organizations and felt that "some of the real radicals seem to hate men, and I don't go along with that".[1]

De Vos is a TED Senior Fellow, a Duke University Global Fellow in Marine Conservation and has been selected as a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum. In 2013, she received the President's Award for Scientific Publications. In 2015, she was a Marine Conservation Action Fund Fellow and in 2016 she became a Pew Marine Fellow. In 2018, she received the WINGS WorldQuest Women of Discovery Sea Award. On 26 May 2018, she was awarded the Golden alumni award in the Professional Achievement category at the first edition of the British Council Golden Alumni Awards. Later in the year she joined the BBC 100 Women list. On 27 March 2019, de Vos was celebrated as one 12 Women Changemakers by the Sri Lanka parliament. In 2020, de Vos was named Sea Hero of the Year by Scuba Diving magazine.

Presented in her 1955 paper ‘On the Equilibrium Concentration Ratio of Carbonic Acid Substances Dissolved in Natural Waters: A study on the Metabolism in Natural Waterways’ Saruhashi's table provided oceanographers with a method for determining the composition of three carbonic acid substances based on water temperature, pH, and salinity.

Pamela Chelgren-Koterba

1950

Pamela Chelgren-Koterba (née Chelgren; born 1950) is a former officer of the United States' National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Commissioned Officer Corps. The daughter of a career naval officer, she was the first woman to receive a commission in the history of the NOAA Corps and, in 1977, was appointed to what was then the highest shipboard posting ever held by a woman in the Uniformed Services of the United States.

At the age of 21, Saruhsashi quit her secure job at an insurance firm to attend the Imperial Women's College of Science, now known as Toho University, where she earned a degree in chemistry. After graduating in 1943 with an undergraduate degree in chemistry, Saruhashi took a position at the Meteorological Research Institute where she worked with her mentor Miyake Yasuo, and her scientific career took off. Saruhashi went back to school to get her PhD in chemistry at the University of Tokyo in 1957, where she was the first woman to graduate with a PhD in science. Her dissertation was on "The Behavior of Carbonic Matter in Natural Water".

1836-1856

From 1836 to 1856 she worked as a librarian in the Nantucket Atheneum during the day (often acting as an informal teacher) and became a regular observer of the skies at night

Studies

She graduated from Michigan State University in 1975 with a degree in Mathematics, and immediately joined the NOAA Corps when she was twenty-two. After training at Kings Point Maritime Academy, Captain Kenny reported to the NOAA Ship Davidson in Anchorage, Alaska. Her assignments took her all over the country throughout her career. She also attended Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California, and earned her master's in Oceanography/Hydrography. She retired from the Corps in 2002 and joined NOAA as a federal employee, serving as Deputy Chief of the Coast Survey Development Laboratory in the Office of Coast Survey. Since retiring from federal service, Maureen has worked as a part-time consultant with LynkerTech in the Hydrographic Surveys Division.

AWARDS

Outstanding Achievement Award from the Women’s Committee of the Geographical Society of America (1978) – For her contributions to oceanographic cartography.Hubbard Medal from the National Geographic Society (1978) – Shared with Bruce Heezen, recognizing their work in mapping the ocean floor. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Award (1996) – For her lifetime achievements in geological research. Marie Tharp Medal (2009, posthumous) – Established in her honor by Columbia University to recognize outstanding women in geosciences. She also received numerous posthumous tributes, including a research vessel named after her and induction into the Science Hall of Fame.

Dr Sarah Nelms studied for an undergraduate degree at the University of Plymouth (2007) and did a lot of volunteering. After working for a few different NGOs, Dr Sarah Nelms went and worked on a sea turtle project in Costa Rica and absolutely loved the data collection and research side of things. WhenDr Sarah Nelms came back to the UK, she decided to go back to university and she did a masters in Conservation and Biodiversity at the University of Exeter’s Penryn campus in Cornwall. This led her to do a PhD

phd -dissertation

In 1966 Sylvia Earle received her Ph.D. from Duke University. Her dissertation, “Phaeophyta of the Eastern Gulf of Mexico,” created a sensation in the oceanographic community. Never before had a marine scientist made such a long and detailed first-hand study of aquatic plant life. Since then she has made a lifelong project of cataloging every species of plant that can be found in the Gulf of Mexico.

1888-1889

Retiring from Vassar in 1888, Mitchell continued her research in Lynn, Massachusetts, where her sister lived. She died a year later in June 1889.

BIRTH & DEATH

1920 - 2006

Marie Tharp was born the 30th of July of 1920 in Michigan, USA. She died the 23th of August of 2006 in New York, USA

1970: U.S. Department of Interior Conservation Service Award and Los Angeles Times Woman of the Year 1976: NOGI Award for Science 1980: Explorers Club Lowell Thomas Award 1981: Ordained as a Knight of the Order of the Golden Ark by the Prince of the Netherlands 1986: Set the women's record for a world solo dive depth and tie the overall record with Graham Hawkes 1990: Society of Women Geographers gold medal 1991: American Academy of Achievement Golden Plate Award 1996: Lindbergh Foundation award,[59] the Explorers Club Medal[53] and Zonta International Honorary Member 1997: SeaKeeper Award at The International SeaKeepers Society's Bal de la Mer 1998: UN Global 500 Laureate and National Wildlife Federation Conservationist of the Year 2000: National Women's Hall of Fame, Library of Congress Living Legend, Women Divers Hall of Fame 2001: Robin W. Winks Award For Enhancing Public Understanding of National Parks 2004: International Banksia Award,[68] the Richard Hopper Day Memorial Medal from the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences, and the Barnard College medal[69] 2005: John P. McGovern Science and Society Award from Sigma Xi 2009: Artiglio Award (Premio Artiglio 2009)[71] and TED Prize 2009: The National Audubon Society's prestigious Rachel Carson Award, a premier award honoring distinguished American women environmentalists. 2010: The Roy Chapman Andrews Distinguished Explorer Award from the Roy Chapman Andrews Society in Beloit, WI. 2010: Carl Sagan Award for Public Understanding of Science 2011: Honorary doctorate from Smith College[74] and commencement address at Warren Wilson College, Medal of Honor from the Dominican Republic[75] 2013: Honorary doctorate from the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University[76] and the Hubbard Medal, the National Geographic Society's highest honor, "for distinction in exploration, discovery and research" 2014: Walter Cronkite Award, UN Lifetime Achievement Award (Champions of the Earth),[79] Glamour Woman of the Year,[80] and the first woman to be celebrated at an Explorers Club Tribute Ceremony 2017: Rachel Carson Prize, Lewis Thomas Prize 2017: The Perfect World Foundation Award The Conservationist of the year 2017 & the Prize "The Fragile Rhino" 2018: Seattle Aquarium Lifetime Achievement Award 2018: Princess of Asturias Award of Concord (Concordia) 2018: Doctor of Science from the University of Edinburgh 2020: Aurora Expeditions announced their expedition ship would be named the Sylvia Earle. 2023: Stibitz-Wilson Award from the American Computer & Robotics Museum

PROFESSOR

1865-1888

In 1865, Vassar College in Poughkeepsie, New York hired Maria Mitchell as faculty and as Director of the Vassar College Observatory (the oldest building on Vassar’s campus). She discovered during her teaching career that, despite her qualifications, she was making less money than many younger, male professors. She insisted on an increase, and received it. She taught at Vassar College until she retired in 1888.

Cape Haze Marine Laboratory

At the Cape Haze Marine Laboratory, Clark worked with a local fisherman named Beryl Chadwick, who was experienced in catching sharks. Chadwick was Clark's only assistant at the time of the lab's founding. The lab's first request for shark research came from John H. Hellen, director of the New England Institute for Medical Research.As the laboratory's activities began to be published in scientific journals, requests from other researchers began to pour into the lab. Researchers from around the world came to study in Cape Haze.

20xx

When giving a presentation, there are two objectives to pursue: convey information and avoid yawns. To achieve this, it can be good practice to create an outline and use words that will be etched in the minds of your audience.

Birth/Death

1937/2000

Dr. Nancy Foster was born in Electra, Texas, and passed away on June 27, 2000 in Baltimore, Maryland.

A life among corals

Her passion for the sea and corals was born in her hometown of Pescara, but Alessandra Giannascoli found her dream job in northern Queensland. After graduating in Marine Biology in Ancona, a master's degree at James Cook University led her to work for the Great Barrier Reef Park, a 2,300-kilometre stretch constantly monitored by the sea and the sky. A double job, Master Reef Guide, to raise awareness among tourists about the need to protect marine ecosystems, and a researcher engaged in monitoring.

IN EUROPE

FROM 1856

After leaving the Atheneum in 1856, Mitchell traveled throughout Europe, meeting with astronomers. Over the years, she became involved in the anti-slavery movement and suffrage movements. After the Civil War, Vassar College founder Matthew Vassar recruited Mitchell to join the faculty, where she had access to a twelve-inch telescope, the third largest in the United States, and began to specialize in the surfaces of Jupiter and Saturn. She defied social conventions by having her female students come out at night for class work and celestial observations, and she brought noted feminists to her observatory to speak on political issues, among them Julia Ward Howe.

STUDIES

She first studied English Philology and Music at Ohio University in 1943. Then completed a master’s degree in Geology at the University of Michigan and another in Mathematics at The University of Tulsa.

It all started when she was little. "My father loved scuba diving and often took me with him - she says -, and one day I asked him: 'What do I have to study to be able to stay close to corals?', he replied: 'Marine biology'. And so it was".

While at Cape Haze, Clark conducted a number of behavioral, reproductive, and anatomical experiments on sharks and other fish. She frequently scuba dived in the local waters, studying various organisms. On these dives, Clark often utilized the glass jar catching technique popularized by Connie Limbaugh, then the Chief Diver at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. These jars allowed Clark to transport unknown specimens back to the lab for further study. The Cape Haze Laboratory moved to Siesta Key, Florida, in 1960. Scientists continued to visit the laboratory, including chemists from the Dow Chemical Company.

Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Achievements

Earle served on the National Advisory Committee on Oceans and Atmosphere between 1980 and 1984. Between 1990 and 1992 Earle was the chief scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the first woman to serve in that position. In 1998 she became the National Geographic Society’s first female explorer in residence. Throughout her career she published over 100 scientific papers. Her other works include Sea Change: A Message of the Oceans (1994), Wild Ocean: America’s Parks Under the Sea (1999) with American author Wolcott Henry, and The World Is Blue: How Our Fate and the Ocean’s Are One (2009).

Personal life

While a Smithsonian associate in the 1960s, Foster met and married Roger Cressey. They later divorced. Foster's later marriage to Jerry Cramer also ended in divorce. She married Joseph R. Geraci in May 2000.

ACHIEVEMENTS

First locating sunken bars during World War II and then in what would be his greatest contribution to science: the development of maps of the seabed relief.

Career

Sylvia Alice Earle is a renowned American marine biologist and oceanographer, known for her pioneering work in ocean conservation. Born on August 30, 1935, in Gibbstown, New Jersey, Earle earned a Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She became the first woman to serve as chief scientist of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and has set multiple records for deep-sea exploration. Earle is the founder of Mission Blue, an organization dedicated to creating marine protected areas called "Hope Spots." Her advocacy for ocean preservation has earned her several prestigious awards, including being named a Time Magazine Hero for the Planet. Earle's contributions to marine science and conservation continue to inspire future generations.

early life and education

Nancy Foster was born in Electra, Texas, received her undergraduate degree from Texas Woman's College, and went on to earn a master's degree in marine biology from Texas Christian University.She earned her Ph.D. in marine biology from George Washington University in 1969.A Smithsonian associate in the late 1960s while at George Washington, she conducted a portion of her dissertation research with Meredith Leam Jones and Marian H. Pettibone at the Smithsonian Institution. She wrote several papers on polychaetes at George Washington.

Captain Maureen Kenny knows what it’s like to be a “first” at NOAA. She joined the NOAA Corps after college in 1975 and was one of the few female commissioned officers at the time. She became the first female officer on the NOAA Ship Davidson in Alaska and at one point was the only female aboard - an experience that shaped her early years in the Corps. Capt. Kenny has no shortage of stories from that time, including lowering her voice an octave to be taken more seriously by an all-male crew. She continued to climb the ranks, and in 1995, became commanding officer of the NOAA Ship Whiting doing surveys along the East Coast.

Clark received three honorary D.Sc. degrees from the University of Massachusetts, Long Island University, and the University of Guelph. She has been inducted into both the Florida Women's Hall of Fame and the Maryland Women's Hall of Fame.[19] She was the 1987 recipient in the Science category of a NOGI, which is awarded annually by the Academy of Underwater Arts and Sciences and is the oldest, and considered to be the most prestigious award in the diving world.[according to whom?] Clark has also received accolades from the National Geographic Society, the Explorers Club, the Underwater Society of America, the American Littoral Society, the Women Divers Hall of Fame, the American Society of Oceanographers. In 1975, she received the Gold Medal of the international Society of Woman Geographers for her studies of shark reproduction and behavior. She has been written about in many books, including The Shark Lady, by Ann McGovern. Several species of fish have been named in her honor: Callogobius clarki (Goren), Sticharium clarkae (George and Springer), Enneapterygius clarkae (Holleman), Atrobucca geniae (Ben-Tuvia and Trewavas), and Squalus clarkae, also known as Genie's dogfish.

The Maria Mitchell Association Aquarium (MMA Aquarium), also known as the Nantucket Aquarium, is a small, local, seasonal aquarium in Nantucket, Massachusetts. It serves as the island's only marine science center and resource. The Aquarium is one of the many resources offered by the Maria Mitchell Association, a local non-profit organization that promotes scientific education and research in service to the legacy of Maria Mitchell (1818-1889), America's first female astronomer and Nantucket native.

Work

Maureen Kenny recounts her NOAA career, experiences as a woman in a predominantly male field, and insights into the organization's future. Her career with NOAA started in 1978 as a member of the NOAA Corps. She reflects on those early days at sea, engaging in oceanographic surveys and operating scientific instruments. Maureen describes encountering severe storms and navigating icy waters, emphasizing the significance of accurate navigation and NOAA's role in supplying critical maritime data. She also talks about the potential privatization of the Weather Service, emphasizing the importance of accessible weather services for all.

Frankland Islands Reef Cruises

Alessandra leads tours for Frankland Islands Reef Cruises, the only operator that comes to this part of the Great Barrier Reef. Usually she would be out here almost every day but Cairns, a city that is heavily reliant on international tourists, has been doing it tough since the start of the pandemic. Thankfully, there are still quite a lot of Australian visitors who realise the reef is not something you just see once and cross off your list – it’s animate and each visit is new and different.

WRITE A TITLE HERE

Asha de Vos was born in 1979 in Sri Lanka and she is still alive to this day.

20xx

When giving a presentation, there are two objectives to pursue: convey information and avoid yawns. To achieve this, it can be good practice to create an outline and use words that will be etched in the minds of your audience.

Education

Pamela Chelgren-Koterba was born in 1950 in Annapolis, Maryland, and raised at various locations in the United States.[1] She was the third of seven children of Captain John Chelgren, a career U.S. Navy officer who served as the technical director of the anti-air warfare ship acquisition project (1969–1972), and Ruth Henderson, an opera singer.

"Dr Sarah Nelms found microplastics in the guts of every marine mammal sampled around the UK."

2019

As one of the few women in the NOAA Corps at the time, Maureen discusses the evolving opportunities for women in the organization. She recounts her various positions within NOAA, including her time as the deputy director of the Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS).

She was a Senior Lecturer within the University of Exeter’s Centre for Ecology and Conservation. Her research focuses on the issue of plastic pollution within marine and coastal environments, and its impacts on marine vertebrates such as turtles, seabirds and marine mammals. Broad research specialisms: Marine conservation Marine vertebrate ecology, Microplastics and marine litter Trophic interactions, Ecotoxicology

Education

Plymouth Marine Lab and University of Exeter Doctor of Philosophy - PhD, Marine Biology and Biological Oceanography Oct 2015 - May 2019 University of Exeter MSc Conservation and Biodiversity 2013 - 2014 Grade: Distinction

EARLY YEARS

1818-1830

Maria Mitchell was born on August 1, 1818 in Nantucket, Massachusetts. Her parents were Quakers, and gave her an education of the same quality that boys got at that time. Early on, Maria taught in her father’s school. At home, he taught her astronomy. At only twelve years old, Maria helped her father calculate exactly when a solar eclipse would occur.

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Pamela Chelgren-Koterba made history as the first woman admitted to The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps in 1972. The NOAA Corps primary mission is to monitor oceanic conditions, support major waterways, and monitor atmospheric conditions. Pamela was the only woman at the time, but just 3 years later 18 female officers had already followed her lead! 💪

Nuclear tests

Katsuko Saruhashi made several discoveries in both geochemistry and, most notably, oceanography. The most salient of these are: Saruhashi's Table her novel method for measuring the amounts of caesium-137 and strontium-90 in seawater and her research concerning the environmental impact of the US bomb test site, Bikini Atoll, which ultimately provided justification for the prohibition of above-ground nuclear testing. She also made important contributions to the study of the carbon dioxide system in the oceans, finding that the Pacific Ocean emits more CO2 than it absorbs

Early life

Eugenie Clark was born May 4, 1922, and raised in New York City. Her father, Charles Clark, died when Eugenie was almost two years old, and her mother, Yumico Motomi, later married Japanese restaurant owner Masatomo Nobu.

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Katsuko Saruhashi was a Japanese geochemist who developed tools to measure carbon dioxide levels in seawater.She also highlighted the dangers of radioactive fallout and how far it can spread. In addition to her research on safety, she studied the peaceful uses of nuclear power. Saruhashi conducted research with Teruko Kanzawa from 1973 to 1978. They began their research by measuring the pH of every rainfall event over the five-year period at the Meteorological Research Institute in Tokyo.

NCSE Friend of the Planet Award (2024)

Career

Dr. Nancy Foster began her career at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 1977, where she focused on marine conservation and habitat protection. In 1986, she joined NOAA Fisheries, where she played a key role in establishing the Office of Habitat Conservation, the NOAA Restoration Center, and the NOAA Chesapeake Bay Office. Her leadership in habitat conservation helped shape NOAA’s approach to restoring and protecting marine ecosystems. She later served as the Deputy Assistant Administrator and Acting Assistant Administrator for NOAA Fisheries, overseeing national efforts in marine resource management. In 1997, she was appointed Assistant Administrator of NOAA’s Ocean Service, where she led initiatives related to ocean and coastal environmental programs. She remained in this role until her passing in 2000, leaving behind a lasting impact on marine conservation, policy, and education.

WORK

She began working as a geologist for the oil company Stanolind Oil and soon moved to New York, where she was hired by Maurice Ewing at the Lamont Geological Laboratory at Columbia University, initially as a general draftswoman. Together with Heezen, they began working together to map the topography of the ocean floor, developing maps of the seabed relief.

42 years ago

Born in Pescara 42 years ago, since she was a child she has cultivated a passion for the underwater world. A passion that brought her to Cairns, on the north-eastern coast of Australia, where she realized her dream.

links

https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/7910627/great-barrier-reef-adventures-to-feed-the-soul/ https://www2.gbrmpa.gov.au/learn/master-reef-guides/cairns-and-reef-wide https://drifttravel.com/great-barrier-reefs-stories-revealed/ https://www.iodonna.it/attualita/storie-e-reportage/2022/06/11/scienziate-marine-italiane-estero/

Women of Discovery Lifetime Achievement Award

2023

Challenger Deep

2022

She was the first black woman to dive to the ocean floor in the deep submersible ALVIN and, in 2022, she became the first and only black person to explore the Challenger Deep, the deepest point on Earth.

Great Barrier Reef

After Cyclone Yasi in 2011, she came to the Frankland Islands to assess the damage to the marine life. She’s been studying – and caring for – her little patch of the Great Barrier Reef ever since.

Later Years and Legacy

Earle broke down barriers during a time when women did not usually work in science. In 1990, she became the first female chief scientist of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). She served in this position until 1992. She is founder of Mission Blue and the SEAlliance, Chair of Deep Ocean Exploration and Research (DOER). She has also been an Explorer-in-Residence at the National Geographic Society since 1998. Her honors and awards number in the hundreds. She remains a champion and defender of the ocean, writing books on what we can do to continue preserving the life within them.

Oregon Professor of the Year

Since 1995, she has been a professor of Geography and Oceanography at Oregon State University and has been honoured as ´Oregon Professor of the Year`. She is currently chief scientist at Esri.

Saruhashi was committed to increasing the number and status of women scientists, especially in Japan. She founded both the Society of Japanese Women Scientists and the Saruhashi Prize, which is awarded annually to a female scientist who serves as a role model for younger women. She was the first woman elected to the Science Council of Japan, earned a doctorate in chemistry from the University of Tokyo, and won the Miyake Prize for GeochemistryIn 1958, Saruhashi established the Society of Japanese Women Scientists to promote Japanese women in science.In 1967, she attended the second International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists with a group of Japanese women scientists and engineers, speaking on the Importance of Fishery in Food Problems.In 1981, she established the Saruhashi Prize, a $2400 cash award given to a Japanese woman fifty years old or younger who has made considerable contributions in the physical sciences.

Upon her death Senator Fritz Hollings published a tribute in the Congressional Record to honor Foster's contributions to marine science.

Achievements

• Department of Commerce Gold Medal (1993) for contributions to marine conservation.
• Presidential Rank Award (1999) for leadership in environmental management.
• Dr. Nancy Foster Scholarship Program (2000) established by NOAA to support women and minorities in marine sciences.
• Research Vessel "Nancy Foster" (2004) named in her honor for continued marine research.

As a child she learned piano and flute and excelled at mathematics; while attending high school in 1967 in Bremerton, Washington, she was selected to attend the competitive summer mathematics institute at Western Washington State College.[1] She finished her high school studies in Point Mugu, California, and enrolled as an undergraduate at the University of California at Berkeley, where she studied bioengineering and received a Bachelor's of Science in 1972.[1][3][4] At Berkeley, she worked at the Space Sciences Laboratory, where she was responsible for checking data tapes for the OGO 5 satellite.[1]

Clark attended elementary school in Woodside, Queens, and graduated from Bryant High School in Queens, New York. She was the only student of Japanese descent in her schools. From an early age, Clark was passionate about marine science, with many of her school reports covering topics in marine biology. An initial visit to the New York Aquarium at Battery Park inspired Clark to return to the aquarium every Saturday thereafter, fascinated by marine animals. The work of naturalist William Beebe further inspired Clark to become an oceanographer.

Dr. Katsuko Saruhashi studied the radioactive isotopes produced in nuclear blast, which are unstable, dangerous atoms. Dr. Saruhashi looked at the concentration of these radioactive isotopes in rainfall, dust, and the ocean around Tokyo after nuclear testing in the Pacific Ocean

1960

As a woman in a male-dominated field during the mid-20th century, Tharp faced significant sexism. For example, she was initially barred from going on oceanographic research voyages and her early findings were dismissed by some male colleagues as “girl talk.” However, her conclusions were later confirmed and embraced.

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Heritage

Her telescope is in the collections of the Smithsonian Museum of American History in Washington, DC. Friends and supporters founded the Maria Mitchell Association on Nantucket in 1902; they preserved her home, which is open to visitors. Mitchell was one of three women elected to the Hall of Fame of Great Americans in 1905, and was an inductee into the National Women's Hall of Fame in Seneca Falls, New York. Later astronomers honored her by naming lunar crater on the moon for Maria Mitchell.

Work

In 1972, Chelgren joined the NOAA Corps and completed the NOAA Basic Officer Training Course in Kings Point, New York, thereafter being commissioned an ensign, the first woman to receive an officer commission in the service's history.[1][3][5] At the time of joining the NOAA Corps, she was unaware there were no women members. In an interview, she stated that – while she agreed with the elimination of discrimination against women in the workplace – she did not belong to any women's liberation organizations and felt that "some of the real radicals seem to hate men, and I don't go along with that".[1]

Early years

Saruhashi was born in Tokyo in 1920. At a very young age, Saruhashi wanted to know what made it rain. This fascination was derived from watching raindrops slide down windows one day during primary school. Kuniharu and Kuno Saruhashi both saw the importance of education and supported their daughter after their shared experience during World War 2, where many women struggled to support themselves without husbands or fathers. Saruhashi and her mother understood that there was a lack of women with technical knowledge and figured that it could be useful to gain financial independence.

1983/1984

She graduated in Geology from Wheaton College in 1983. She obtained a master's degree in Oceanography from Texas A&M University in 1986.

2015

Leptoukh Lecture Award, American Geophysical Union

Pamela Chelgren-Koterba made history by being the first woman admitted to the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps in June 1972. The work of NOAA Corps officers is critical to acquiring scientific data and delivering information and products to the public. Chelgren-Koterba was commissioned along with 17 other officers, and was the only woman in an organization of 345 members. She paved the way for other women to join the NOAA Corps. By 1975, 18 woman officers had followed her lead. She rose to the rank of commander and retired from service in May 1995. Rear Admiral Harley D. Nygren (ret.) made the decision to admit women to the NOAA Corps. He was quoted as saying, “We did not have ‘men jobs’ and ‘women jobs.’ Anything women wanted to try they could, and more power to them.”

She discovered through her research that an unrecognized unique population of blue whales, previously thought to migrate every year, stayed in waters near Sri Lanka year-round. Due to de Vos's research, the International Whaling Commission has designated Sri Lankan blue whales as a species in urgent need of conservation research and has started collaborating with the Sri Lankan government on whale ship strikes. De Vos is an invited member of the IUCN Species Survival Commission's Cetacean Specialist Group. She was a post-doctoral scholar at the University of California Santa Cruz and a guest blogger for National Geographic. She is the founder and director of the non-profit Oceanswell, Sri Lanka's first marine conservation research and education organization.

Sarah Nelms is a PhD researcher at the University of Exeter and Plymouth Marine Laboratory interested in understanding the pathways by which anthropogenic activities may affect marine megafauna. Her work focuses on the interactions between plastic pollution and marine mammals, turtles and sea birds.

Academic and scientific life

Eugenie Clark received a Bachelor of Arts in zoology from Hunter College (1942). During summers, she studied at the University of Michigan Biological Station, and before graduate school, she worked for Celanese Corporation as a chemist. Eugenie initially sought to attend graduate school at Columbia University, but her application was rejected out of fear that she would eventually choose to leave her scientific career to focus on raising children. Undaunted, Clark went on to earn both a Master of Arts (1946) and Doctorate of Zoology (1950) from New York University. During her years of graduate study, Clark carried out research at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, the American Museum of Natural History in New York, the Woods Hole Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts, and at the Lerner Marine Laboratory in Bimini.

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De Vos had served as a senior programme officer in the marine and coastal unit of the International Union for Conservation of Nature. She founded the Sri Lankan Blue Whale Project in 2008, which forms the first long-term study on blue whales within the northern Indian Ocean.

1977

Tharp and Heezen published a world map of the ocean floor in collaboration with artist Heinrich Berann, whose painted illustrations helped bring their discoveries to life. The result is a breathtaking blend of science and art, still widely admired today.

Early childhood

Marie’s father was a soil surveyor for the U.S. Department of Agriculture. His job involved mapping soil types across the country, and he often took Marie along on his fieldwork trips. This early exposure to fieldwork and cartography through her father’s work instilled in her an appreciation for scientific observation and mapmaking. Although she didn’t initially plan to become a geologist, these experiences planted the seeds that would grow into a remarkable scientific career.

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