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ECONOMY AND HISTORY OF IRELAND
Riccardo Ialacci
Created on March 3, 2025
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Transcript
THE REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
economy and history
- Agricolture 0.94%
- Industry 39.09%
- Services 54.38%
ECONOMY
ECONOMY
Ireland transitioned from an agriculture-based economy to one dominated by industry and services. The country experienced rapid growth from the 1990s to 2007, followed by a financial crisis in 2008. Government interventions, including EU-IMF loans, led to economic recovery. Despite the 2020 pandemic, Ireland maintained economic growth, driven by foreign investment and multinational corporations.
THE BIRTH OF THE REPUBLIC
Between 1919 and 1921, Ireland fought a War of Independence, leading to the division of the island into Northern Ireland (6 counties) and the Irish Free State (26 counties) in 1922. This treaty caused a Civil War (1922–1923) between pro- and anti-treaty forces. Political stability followed, and in 1948, Ireland was officially declared a republic. Ireland joined the European Economic Community (now the EU) in 1973.
THE TROUBLES
The 1920 Ireland Act created a separate Northern Ireland government with a Protestant majority. Decades of Catholic discrimination led to the 1968 Civil Rights Movement, triggering violent clashes. The conflict, known as The Troubles, intensified after Bloody Sunday in 1972. The violence ended with the Good Friday Agreement in 1998, which established a local government. In 2007, historic cooperation between rival parties, the DUP and Sinn Féin, marked a new era of governance.
Ireland is a parliamentary democracy with a President as Head of State, elected for a seven-year term. The National Parliament consists of the Dáil Éireann (House of Representatives) and Seanad Éireann (Senate), operating under the 1937 Constitution. Major political parties include Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, Labour, and Sinn Féin.