Famous Scientists

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ibn-i sina

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Ibn Sina or Abu Ali Sina or Avicenna as he is known in the Western world, was born in 980 in the village of Efşene near Bukhara, in what is now Uzbekistan, and is one of the most important scientists of the Golden Age of Islam. Ibn Sina, who produced works in the fields of medicine, astronomy and philosophy, is known as the “father of early medicine” and the “prince of philosophers”. A brief biography of Ibn Sina Originally from Balkh and settled in Bukhara, which rivaled Baghdad as the cultural capital of the Islamic world during the Samanid dynasty, Ibn Sina’s father Abdullah received a good education and his house was a center where topics related to philosophy, geometry and Indian mathematics were discussed and where scholars of the period gathered to chat. Ibn Sina became familiar with science and philosophy during his childhood.

alan turing

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Alan Turing: The man who laid the foundations of computing Alan Turing (1912-1954) was a British mathematician, logician and cryptographer. He is considered the 'father of computer science' and his work laid the foundations for modern computers and artificial intelligence.

Biography

Turing grew up in a relatively wealthy family and showed exceptional abilities in mathematics from an early age. He studied at Cambridge University (one of the oldest and most prestigious universities in Europe along with Oxford University).

Biography - Birth: 23 June 1912, London, United Kingdom - Death: 7 June 1954, Wilmslow, England

What did he contribute to science? 1. The Turing machine (1936) 2. Breaking the Enigma in World War II 3. Artificial Intelligence and the Turing Test (1950)

The Turing machine (1936) and breaking the Enigma in World War II

The Turing machine (1936) and breaking the Enigma in World War II When World War II broke out, Turing was recruited at Bletchley Park, a secret decryption centre. The Nazis used a complex machine called Enigma to send coded messages. Turing, with his team, managed to break the Enigma code, building a machine that could decrypt enemy messages much faster. This success hastened the end of the war and saved millions of lives

AI and the Turing Test (1950)

After the war, Turing continued his research into computers. He proposed the Turing Test, an experiment to test whether a computer could imitate human intelligence. This test is still used today in AI research.

A tragic end!!!!

Despite his tremendous commitment to humanity, his life had a tragic end. In 1952, the police discovered that he was a homosexual, which was illegal in Britain at the time. He was convicted and subjected to torture and abuse. Two years later, in 1954, he was found dead of cyanide poisoning. Many believe he committed suicide, although there are other theories. What is most curious of all is that he was pardoned in 2013 (59 years after his death) in recognition of the unfair treatment he had suffered at the hands of the British government.

The legacy of

Today, Turing is recognised as one of the most important scientists of all time.In 2019, his face appeared on the £50 note. Also, the Turing Prize is considered the "Nobel Prize in Computing" and is awarded to scientists who have made significant contributions to computers. Thanks to Turing, the world of computing and artificial intelligence took its first steps.If you like computers, logic and mathematics, his story may inspire you

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ALBERT EINSTEIN

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Albert Einstein was one of the most important physicists of all time. He was born in 1879 in Germany and became famous for the theory of relativity. His discoveries deeply influenced science and philosophy. In addition to being a brilliant scientist, he was also a supporter of peace and human rights. His legacy remains alive to this day.

Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879, in Ulm, Germany, and is considered one of the greatest scientists in history. He developed the theory of relativity, which revolutionized our understanding of space, time, and gravity. In 1921, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. Throughout his life, Einstein was also known for his humanitarian efforts and advocacy for peace, especially during times of war and political unrest. He spent the later years of his life in the United States, where he worked at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton until his death in 1955.

Albert Einstein made several groundbreaking discoveries that changed the course of modern physics. His most famous contribution is the theory of relativity, including the equation **E=mc²**, which shows the relationship between mass and energy. He also explained the **photoelectric effect**, proving that light behaves as both a wave and a particle—an idea that laid the foundation for quantum physics. Einstein's work on **Brownian motion** provided strong evidence for the existence of atoms. Additionally, he contributed to the development of **general relativity**, a theory that redefined gravity as the curvature of space-time caused by mass.

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Archimedes (287–212 BCE)

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Archimedes was a Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer from Syracuse, a city on the island of Sicily (then part of ancient Greece).

Archimedes' other mathematical achievements include deriving an approximation of pi (π), defining and investigating the Archimedean spiral, and devising a system using exponentiation for expressing very large numbers. He was also one of the first to apply mathematics to physical phenomena, working on statics and hydrostatics. Archimedes' achievements in this area include a proof of the law of the lever, the widespread use of the concept of center of gravity, and the enunciation of the law of buoyancy known as Archimedes' principle. In astronomy, he made measurements of the apparent diameter of the Sun and the size of the universe. He is also said to have built a planetarium device that demonstrated the movements of the known celestial bodies, and may have been a precursor to the Antikythera mechanism. He is also credited with designing innovative machines, such as his screw pump, compound pulleys, and defensive war machines to protect his native Syracuse from invasion.

Archimedes died during the siege of Syracuse, when he was killed by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed. Cicero describes visiting Archimedes' tomb, which was surmounted by a sphere and a cylinder that Archimedes requested be placed there to represent his most valued mathematical discovery.

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Marie Curie (1867 - 1934)

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Maria Skłodowska-Curie, one of the most groundbreaking scientists of all time! She was born in 1867, in Warsaw, Poland, Maria was the youngest of five children in a family of poor school teachers. After her mother died and her father could no longer support her she became a governess, reading and studying in her own time to quench her thirst for knowledge. She never lost this passion. In 1891, she went to Paris and start her studies at the Sorbonne. She met Pierre Curie, Professor in the School of Physics in 1894 and in the following year they were married. The discovery of radioactivity by Henri Becquerel in 1896 inspired the Curies in their brilliant researches and analyses which led to the isolation of polonium, named after the country of Marie’s birth, and radium. Curie developed methods for the separation of radium from radioactive residues in sufficient quantities to allow for its characterization and the careful study of its properties, therapeutic properties in particular.

Together with her husband, she was awarded half of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. After becoming the first woman to be granted a Nobel Prize, In 1911 she received a second Nobel Prize, this time in Chemistry, in recognition of her work in radioactivity. Curie was a world-famous scientist. Curie developed a mobile X-ray station together with Irène Among her writing, Curie left behind this thought: “Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Now is the time to understand more, so that we may fear less.

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Isaac Newton (1643–1727)

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Major Contributions 1. ⚖️ Laws of Motion (1687) Published in his book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), also known as the Principia, these laws laid the foundation for classical mechanics: First Law (Inertia): An object will remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by an external force. Second Law (F=ma): The force acting on an object equals its mass times acceleration. Third Law (Action-Reaction): For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Universal GravitationNewton proposed that gravity is a universal force acting between all matter. He demonstrated that the same force that causes an apple to fall to the ground also governs the motion of planets.

Optics Conducted experiments with light and prisms, showing that white light is composed of a spectrum of colors. Invented the reflecting telescope (now called the Newtonian telescope) using mirrors instead of lenses.

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