Mind Map

Key Features of Elizabethan Theatre:

The English Renaissance

Historical and social background

The Elizabethan Theatre

Important Theatres

Mystery plays

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Life

William Shakespeare

Mind Map

Miracle Plays

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Works

Where they were built

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Construction of Theatres in London

How they where built

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Comedies Shakespeare's comedies feature witty dialogue, mistaken identities, and happy endings. Some of the most famous are: • A Midsummer Night's Dream (1595) - A magical mix of love and confusion. • Much Ado About Nothing (1598) - A comedy filled with misunderstandings and clever wordplay. • Twelfth Night (1601) - A story of disguise and mistaken identity. • As You Like It (1599) - A romantic comedy set in the Forest of Arden. • The Merchant of Venice (1596) - A mix of comedy and drama, featuring the complex character Shylock.

TragediesThese plays explore themes of fate, ambition, power, and betrayal. Famous tragedies include: • Hamlet (1601) - A prince seeks revenge for his father's murder. • Macbeth (1606) - A nobleman is consumed by ambition and guilt. • Othello (1604) - A story of jealousy, deception, and tragedy. • King Lear (1606) - A king's descent into madness after dividing his kingdom. • Romeo and Juliet (1595) - A tragic love story of two young lovers.

1. Overcrowding Prevention - If theatres were inside the city, they would attract large crowds, which could lead to congestion in the narrow streets. The authorities wanted to avoid disturbances and maintain order.2. Plague Control - Large gatherings increased the risk of spreading diseases, especially the bubonic plague. By keeping theatres outside, they hoped to reduce the impact on the city's population. 3. Access to the River Thames - Many theatres were built near the River Thames, allowing people to wash in the river after attending performances. At the time, personal hygiene was limited, and the authorities encouraged river washing to maintain some level of cleanliness. 4. Moral and Religious Concerns - Theatres were seen as places of vice, attracting pickpockets, gamblers, and even prostitutes. Keeping them outside city limits made them easier to control.

William Shakespeare was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the English language and world literature.Early Life and Education Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. His father, John Shakespeare, was a glove maker and local official, while his mother, Mary Arden, came from a wealthy family. He likely attended the King's New School, where he studied Latin, grammar, and classical literature. However, there is no record of him attending university. Marriage and Family At 18 years old, Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway (1582), who was eight years older than him. They had three children: Susanna (1583) and twins Hamnet and Judith (1585). Unfortunately, Hamnet died at the age of 11.

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• The Globe Theatre: Founded in 1599, it is the most famous theatre associated with Shakespeare. It was an open-air theatre with a capacity of about 3,000 spectators.The Globe was rebuilt in 1997 and is now a major tourist attraction. • The Rose Theatre and The Curtain Theatre are also significant venues that hosted Elizabethan plays.

Henry VII ascended the throne of England in 1485. His coronation marked the end of the War of the Roses and the beginning of the Tudor dynasty. His reign (1485-1509) was characterized by economic and political stability thanks to:> a policy aiming at holding feuding noblemen at bay; > laws which improved and protected domestic industry and opened new markets for the commerce of English wool; > the creation of a mercantile fleet; › the improvement of the royal navy to protect English commerce from pirates. Henry VIII became King of England after the death of his father Henry VII. He embodied the ideal Renaissance monarch, as he was not only a good governor but also a very cultured man. His reign (1509-1547) was marked by the English Reformation (1534), an event which led to the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church, thus making England a Protestant nation. Henry VIII broke with Rome because of personal and political reasons: › the Pope's refusal to annul his marriage with Catherine of Aragon who had born him a daughter, Mary, instead of a male heir; › the king's intolerance towards the Pope's authority.

Mystery Plays

• mainly dealt with Biblical stories, from the Day of Judgement• were performed on decorated, movable stage wagons called PAGEANTS • were staged by trade guilds • were mainly performed during the Feast of Corpus Christi • were performed by amateur actors

THE GLOBE

The Globe's History • In 1613, The Globe burned down during a performance of Henry VIll due to a cannon misfire. • It was rebuilt in 1614, but in 1642, Puritans closed all theatres, and The Globe was later demolished. • In 1997, Shakespeare's Globe, a faithful reconstruction, was opened near the original site and is now one of London's top attractions. The Globe remains a symbol of Elizabethan theatre and Shakespeare's legacy, showcasing how theatre was a major part of both entertainment and society at the time.

Construction and Structure• The Globe was a large, open-air theatre shaped like a circular or octagonal structure. • It had a thrust stage that extended into the audience, allowing actors to be surrounded on three sides. • The theatre could hold around 3,000 people in different sections: • The Pit (Yard) - The cheapest area where "groundlings" stood to watch the performance. • The Galleries - Tiered seating areas for wealthier audience members. • The "Heavens" - A roofed area above the stage, decorated with stars and used for special effects like flying actors. • The Trapdoor - Used for dramatic entrances and exits, especially for ghosts or supernatural elements.

1. Theatre Architecture: Theatres were typically circular or polygonal in shape, with a central stage that extended into the audience. Most performances took place outdoors, with open roofs allowing for natural light. The Globe Theatre, where Shakespeare's plays were frequently performed, is the most iconic example of Elizabethan theatre.2. The Audience: The audience was diverse, including both the upper classes and commoners. The "groundlings" (those who stood in front of the stage) paid a small fee to watch the performances, while the wealthier audience members sat in elevated galleries for a better view and comfort. 3. Actors: At this time, only male actors were allowed to perform, as it was illegal for women to act. Female roles were played by young boys or young men. Actors were considered professionals and often belonged to permanent acting companies that had a repertory of plays. 4. The Plays: Elizabethan plays covered a wide range of genres, including tragedies, comedies, history plays, and even farces. The works were known for their rich dialogue, poetic language, and strong emphasis on action. Shakespeare, in particular, is famous for his plays such as "Romeo and Juliet", "Macbeth", "Julius Caesar", which are still performed worldwide today. 5. Themes and Styles: The plays often reflected the political, social, and religious concerns of the time. Themes such as love, revenge, ambition, corruption, and fate were explored. The writing style varied, with intense soliloquies, witty dialogues, and the use of symbolism and metaphor.