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Mandarin Pinyin 1
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Created on February 20, 2025
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Transcript
Beginner Level
Lesson 1
Mandarin Pinyin
06/10/18
Romanized system for standard Mandarin
And why
What is Pinyin
Tone Change Rules
Tones
Finals
Initials
Spelling Rules
Structure
Basics
Objectives
Pronounciation, reading and writing
Structure
Vowel or vowel combinations at the end
36
Finals
Consonants at the beginning of a syllable
21
Initials
Consonants at the beginning of a syllable
Initials
Y W
B P M F D T N L G K H J Q X Zh Ch Sh R Z C S
Placeholder for a missing initial
"Initials"
Consonants at the beginning of a syllable
Formal Initials
Vowel or vowel combinations at the end
Finals
ua uo
üe
ia ie
i u ü
iao iou/iu uai uei/ui
ai ei ao ou
a o e
Compound Finals
Simple Finals
Finals
er
Special Final
iang iong uang ueng
ian üan uan uen/un
ang eng ong ing
an en in ün
Nasal Finals
Vowel or vowel combinations at the end
Finals
Pronounciation of charakters
Tones
01
Tones
Falling
Fourth
Dipping
Third
Rising
Second
High
First
Tones
Light
Neutral
Tone Change Rules
- When two third-tone syllables appear together, the first one changes to the second tone
- When followed by a fourth tone, 不 (bù) changes to the second tone (bú)
- When followed by a 4th tone, 一 (yī) changes to 2nd tone (yí). When followed by any other tone, 一 (yī) changes to 4th tone (yì)
Tone Sandhi
Spelling Rules
Syllables with two or three vowel letters: (i) If the first vowel letter is "i", "u", or "ü", the tone mark is on the vowel letter immediately following these letters (ii) If the first vowel letter is not "i", "u", or "ü", the tone mark is always on the first vowel letter (iii) If the tone mark is on "i", the dot is removed
Syllables with one vowel letter: The tone mark is always on the vowel letter
Tone Marks
Exceptions: (i) If and only if "uo" follows "b", "p", "m", or "f", "u" is dropped, resulting in "bo", "po", "mo", or "fo" (ii) If and only if "ü" follows "j", "q", "x", the umlaut is dropped
Write down the initial, and the final ("i", "u", or "ü", if there is one, followed by the base) with no space in between
Syllables With an Initial
Syllables Without an Initial
(i) For the single vowel "i", and the nasals "in" and "ing", "y" is added before "i", resulting in "yi", "yin", and "ying" (ii) Spell "you" for "iu"
Write down the final
Syllables starting with "i"
Syllables starting with "a", "o" or "e"
Syllables Without an Initial
Replace "ü" with "yu"
Replace "u" with "w" (i) For the single vowel "u", "w" is added before "u", resulting in "wu" (ii) Spell "wen" for "un" (iii) Spell "wei" for "ui"
Syllables starting with "ü"
Syllables starting with "u"
In order for others to understand more easily, most people write the two pinyin syllables with no space in between if there are two characters in a word And the first letter of a sentence, and the first letters of proper nouns should be capitalized
Characters vs. Words
The "er" (儿) sound can follow finals to from retroflections. Add "r" at the end of the syllable in this case