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the liberation movement
Eva Konzikoli
Created on February 6, 2025
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The Gay Liberation Movement
1960-70
A surgeon drilling into a patient's skull before performing a lobotomy at a hospital in England, 1946.
oct. 31 1969
Cover of the Time Magazine issue entitled "The Homosexual in America"
1960s
Lobotomies have been used as a radical therapeutic measure intended to calm patients with mental illnesses, in the sixties, it was used to "cure" homosexuality.
1960
August 5 1961
Wally, Owner of the Black Nite, with Josie Carter, 1966 (photo courtesy of Josie Carter)
1961
The Homophile Movement
Homophile activists protest at the the annual Fourth of July (1967-1969) "Reminder Day Picket", Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The ladder : a lesbian review from June 1966 featuring Ernestine Eckstein, leader of the New York chapter of daughters of bilitis.
The Daughters of Bilitis
The Mattachine Society
Members of the Mattachine Society in a rare group photograph. Pictured are Harry Hay (upper left), then (l–r) Konrad Stevens, Dale Jennings, Rudi Gernreich, Stan Witt, Bob Hull, Chuck Rowland (in glasses), Paul Bernard. Photo by James Gruber.
SMITHSINIAN.This Lesbian Group Started In Secret and Changed History [online video]. Youtube, Feb 14 2023 [seen on march 18 2025] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VUFdI7fw4_s&t=40s IDA YALZADEH. Harry Hay [online]. Britannica. [seen on Feb 23 2025] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harry-Hay-Jr BONNIE J. MORRIS. A brief history of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender social movements [online]. American Psychological Association, July 21 2017, March 16 2023. https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/history Barbara Gittings Helps Lead First 'Annual Reminder' Protests [online]. LGBTQ+ Victory Institute. https://www.prideandprogress.org/years/1960s Gay Liberation [online]. Wikipedia, Nov 7 2006, March 12 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gay_liberation&action=history MAIKEN SOLLI. Reading Bisexually Acknowledging a Bisexual Perspective in Giovanni's Room, The Color Purple, and Brokeback Mountain [online] Semantic Scholar, 2012. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Reading-Bisexually-Acknowledging-a-Bisexual-in-The-Solli/9f8bf9b8ce454524e713a965c6bd2335de4f1c8a Homophile movement [online]. Wikipedia, March 22 2006, March 10 2025. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homophile_movement&action=history MICHAEL LEVY. gay rights movement [online]. Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/gay-rights-movement