Jeopardy
Delving into Israel's Diversity: A Journey Through Cultures, Faiths, and Traditions
Israel is a nation defined by its rich tapestry of cultures, ethnicities, religions, languages, and culinary traditions.This diversity reflects its history and is a driving force behind its modern identity and advancements.
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Hit 'Hint' on each page for fascinating info, then tap the icon in the Hint section to explore YouTube, articles, music, recipes, & more.
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Science
Category is...
History
Science
Question 1/9
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History
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Clue: After the 1492 Alhambra Decree expelled Jews from Spain, forcing them to either leave or convert, Sephardic Jews sought refuge in this empire, where they preserved their traditions and later contributed to the cultural landscape of modern Israel.
What is the Roman Empire
What is the Ottoman Empire
What is...
The Ottoman Empire?
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History
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Clue: The First Aliyah, the initial large-scale migration of Jews from Eastern Europe to the land of Israel, began in this year. It was primarily driven by widespread persecution in Eastern Europe, and the need and desire to go to our Jewish homeland.
What is The 1880s
What is The 1700s
What is...
The 1880s?
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History
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Clue: This group of Jews, originally from the Arabian Peninsula, made their way to Israel in a historic airlift operation "Magic Carpet" in the 1950s.
Who are the Yemenite Jews
Who are the Moroccan Jews
Who are...
The Yemenite Jews?
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History
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Clue: In Israel, this Arab group, a minority in the country, has served in the Israeli military and are known for their unique traditions, culture, and loyalty to the state.
Who are the Druze
Who are the Macedonians
Who are...
The Druze?
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Clue: This group of Jews, fleeing anti-Semitism and political turmoil in Eastern Europe, began migrating to Israel in the 1970s and 1980s. Many escaped persecution, with a large wave arriving in the 1990s after the collapse of the regime.
Who are the Poland Jews
Who are the Russian (Soviet) Jews
Who are...
Russian Jews?
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Clue: This community, originating from the Horn of Africa, experienced a mass evacuation to Israel in the 1980s and early 1990s, primarily through the "Operation Moses" and "Operation Solomon" airlifts.
Who are the Kurdistan Jews
Who are the Ethiopian Jews
Who are...
The Ethiopian Jews?
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Clue: This Jewish community, with a history in the Caucasus region dating back over 2,000 years, also known as the “Mountain Jews,” made aliyah to Israel in the 1970s and 1980s, after the collapse of the regime.
Who are the Georgian Jews
Who are the Bulgarian Jews
Who are...
The Georgian Jews?
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Clue: Since the establishment of the state of Israel, Jews from this country have immigrated to Israel in two main waves of immigration: the first, immediately after the establishment of the state of Israel, between the years 1950-1953, and the second, after the Islamic Revolution in 1979.
Who are the Persian (Iranian) Jews
Who are the Tunisian Jews
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Who are...
The Persian (Iranian) Jews?
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Clue: This operation, known as "Ali Baba" or Operation "Ezra and Nehemiah", was a covert mission during the 1950s and 1960s that facilitated the immigration of Jews from a country in Western Asia to Israel. It involved smuggling Jews out via a network of routes, as well as airlifts, and helped bring thousands of Jews to Israel during a politically sensitive period.
Who are the Iraqi Jews
Who are the Algerian Jews
Who are...
The Iraqi Jews?
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Clue: This ethnic group, originally from the Sinai Peninsula, lives primarily in Israel’s Negev Desert, and maintains a semi-nomadic lifestyle.
Who are the Nubians
Who are the Bedouins
Who are...
The Bedouins?
If your answer is correct,you win 1000pts
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History
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Traditions
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Clue:This holiday, observed by the Beta Israel community, commemorates the revelation of the Torah to Moses and includes fasting, a yearning for the rebuilding of the Temple, prayers, and a festive meal to conclude the day.
What is the First of Cheshvan
What is the Sigd
What is...
Sigd?
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Clue: This ethnic group, which lives in towns such as Daliyat al-Karmel and Usfiya, located on Mount Carmel and Majdal Shams, in the Golan Heights, blends elements of Islam, Hinduism, and ancient Greek philosophy, and has been in the region since the 11th century.
Who are the Druze
Who are the Kurds
Who are...
The Druze ?
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Clue: This traditional Jerusalem-Sephardic melody, which is recited during the Selichot prayers leading up to Rosh HaShanah, has become so iconic that it has been embraced by Jewish communities worldwide and even incorporated into pop music by artists like Hanan Ben Ari and E-Z.
The "Adon HaSlichot" melody
The "Avinu Malkweinu" melody
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What is...
The "Adon HaSlichot" melody?
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Clue: This joyous celebration, typically held at the end of Passover, marks the return to eating leavened bread and is especially popular among Moroccan Jews, with large feasts and sweets like mufleta.
Mimouna Celebration
Mofletta Moroccan Crepes
What is the Mimouna
What is the Henna
What is...
Mimouna?
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Clue: In the Sefardic and Moroccan Jewish communities, this vibrant ceremony often takes place before a wedding, where intricate designs are applied to the hands using a special dye.
What is the Henna
What is the Kubaneh
What is...
A Henna ceremony?
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Clue:This symbolic act performed by the groom at the end of a Jewish wedding ceremony commemorates the sorrow over the destruction of the ancient Temple in Jerusalem.
What is the Breaking Of The Glass
What is the Bedeken
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What is...
The breaking of the glass?
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Traditions
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Arts
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Arts
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Clue: This Israeli artist is known for his groundbreaking work in kinetic art, creating sculptures that shift in appearance depending on the viewer's perspective. His most famous work include "The Firebird", "Seven Colors Fountain", and "Peace On Earth".
Who is Nachum Gutman
Who is Yaacov Agam
Who is...
Yaacov Agam?
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Clue: Known for their elaborate silver jewelry, often incorporating symbols like the Hamsa, Star of David, and geometric patterns, this group of artisans in Israel continues a centuries-old tradition. Notable craftsmen include Ben - Zion David, Avraham Elbaz, and Yehuda Assouline.
Who are the Yemenite jewelers
Who are the Italian jewelers
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Who are...
The Yemenite jewelry artisans?
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Arts
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Clue: This famous Israeli violinist, born in Israel to parents from Eastern Europe, became one of the world’s greatest musicians, performing in concert halls around the globe.
Who is Itzhak Perlman
Who is Miri Ben - Ari
Who is...
Itzhak Perlman?
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Clue: Originally titled "October Rain" and influenced by the brutal attack on Israel by Hamas, this song was renamed "Hurricane" after the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) rejected the entry on the grounds of political content in its lyrics. The new title was chosen to reflect resilience and unity, and to avoid further political division. Performed by an Israeli artist at the 2024 Eurovision Song Contest, it was written by Avi Ohayon, Keren Peles, and Stav Beger.
Who is Eden Golan
Who is Netta Barzilai
Who is...
Eden Golan?
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Clue: The traditional music of an Israeli community from this African country includes instruments like the masenqo (a single-stringed fiddle), the krar (a five-stringed lyre), the washint (a wooden or bamboo flute), and the nagarit (a large drum).
What is Ethiopia
What is Tunisia
What is...
Ethiopia?
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Clue: This novel, chosen by the Israeli Ministry of Education for Holocaust studies for high school students, tells the story of a young Jewish woman from Benghazi, Libya, who is sent to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, based on the true life experiences of the author's family.
A Jewish couple from Libya, survivors of Bergen Belsen, wearing yellow stars. From the book "Temunot Zikaron", the Or Shalom Center for Libyan Jewish Heritage
What is Benghazi — Bergen-Belsen by Yossi Sucary
What is After Daybreak: The Liberation of Bergen - Belsen, 1945 by Ben Shephard
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What is...
Benghazi — Bergen-Belsen by Yossi Sucary?
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CULINARY
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Clue: One of the most popular hearty, tomato-based soups in Moroccan Jewish cuisine. let’s view an episode from Hananel Edri's series, Cooking with Hananel, which he made with his beloved grandmother. As a teenager, Hananel embarked on a special journey around America, where he performed with the Tzofim Friendship Caravan. This experience fostered a profound connection with the Syracuse community. Hananel’s talent extends beyond music, as he also has special culinary skills.
What is Harira Soup -מרק חרירה
What is Matbucha - מטבוחה
What is...
HARIRA - חרירה SOUP?
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Clue: Often found in Libyan Jewish cuisine, this fiery spread blends garlic and chili, and is a staple for adding heat to meals.
What is Filfel Chuma - פלפלצ'ומה
What is Sechug -סחוג
What is...
Filfel Chuma - פלפלצ'ומה?
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Clue: This traditional Jewish Iraqi dish features dumplings made from a delicate dough of bulgur, semolina, and sometimes potatoes, enclosing a spiced meat filling of beef or lamb, and is typically served in a soup.
What is Kubbeh
What is M’hasha
Who is...
Kubbeh ?
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Clue: This spongy, sour flatbread, made from Teff flour, is a staple of Ethiopian cuisine and often used to scoop up stews and salads.
What is Injera
What is Naan
What is...
Injera?
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Clue: This slow-baked Yemenite pastry, prepared overnight, is traditionally served on Shabbat morning with resek agvaniyot, hard-boiled eggs, and Zhug.
What is Lachuch
What is Jachnun - גַ'חְנוּן
What is...
Jachnun - גַ'חְנוּן ?
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Clue: This creamy, sesame-based ingredient is a key component in Israeli Halvah, giving it its rich texture and flavor.
What is Tehini Paste
What is Silan
What is...
Tehini paste ?
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Culinary
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Israel is a melting pot of different cultures and religions. This community, a minority who live mostly in villages in the Galilee and Golan, have a unique culture including a secretive religion, colorful markets and a cuisine that is to die for.
Eat in a CircleIt’s traditional to eat sitting around a low round table. Eating in a circle means that everyone sees eye to eye and feels connected, reinforcing the Jewish values of shalom bayit (peace in the home) and hachnasat orchim (welcoming guests). Seniority Matters Who’s the oldest person at your table? The rule is that no one starts eating until the oldest person says a blessing and takes the first bite. This reinforces the values of v’hadarta p’nei zaken (honoring elders) and hakarat hatov (gratitude). Take It Slow Who’s the slowest eater in your family? The rule is that no one eats faster than the slowest person. This rule reinforces the value of k’vod ha’acher (respecting the other). It also shifts the rhythm of the meal so that no one races through it, and everyone takes time to enjoy the food and the company. Hands On! A traditional Ethiopian meal is eaten without silverware. Rather, you use bread (commonly a flatbread called injera) to scoop up bites of stew, chicken, vegetables, dips, and other foods. (Talk about kid-friendly … ) The food is served in bowls in the middle of the round table — never too far away from anyone who’s hungry! — reinforcing a feeling of community or kehilla.
Photographer Zion Ozeri photo exhibition at the ANU – Museum of the Jewish People in Tel Aviv explores the rich heritage of the Jews of Yemen.
The Jews of Yemen – The Last Generation. (photo credit: ZION OZERI)
This Jewish community, known for their distinctive dress—featuring colorful, embroidered garments and ornate gold jewelry—brought unique religious customs, songs, and a rich culinary tradition, including dishes like jachnun and malawach, when they were relocated to Israel during the 1950s' Operation Magic Carpet.
Yemenite Jewish bride in traditional dress.
The Georgian Jews יהדות גאורגיה, are a community of Jews who migrated to Georgia during the Babylonian captivity in the 6th century BCE. It is one of the oldest communities in the region. They are also widely distinguished from the Ashkenazi Jews in Georgia, who arrived following the Russian annexation of Georgia. Traditionally, Georgian Jews pray in Hebrew, however their everyday language was and is Judeo-Georgian which is an interesting mix between a Turkic dialect and Hebrew. Shalom Koboshvili (1876 – 1941) was a Georgian artist who specialised in drawings and paintings of Jewish life in Georgia.
Shalom Koboshvili (1876 - 1941) self potrait
This minority in Israel performs the Dabke folk dance during festive occasions, where dancers form a line or circle, moving in synchronized steps to rhythmic music. Known for their rich cultural heritage, they use this energetic and communal dance to celebrate important events and milestones.
The dough is tightly rolled and nestled into the pot alongside uncooked eggs for a low-heat, slow-baking/cooking process, which results in a light brown color and toasty, caramelized notes. Meanwhile, the dough undergoes its own process of caramelization, entering the pot a pale tan and emerging a deep golden brown.
On a brisk winter Friday, stroll through Jerusalem’s Machaneh Yehudah or Tel Aviv’s Hatikva shuk (markets), and you’ll spot clusters of friends and families sitting down and having bowls of steaming kubbeh soup. Kubbeh, also known as kobeba, kubba, and kibbeh, is a popular dish in Israel. Believed to have originated in modern-day Iraq, its name comes from the Akkadian word "kobo," meaning "round as a dome," which is also the root of the Arabic word for dome, "kubba," and shares a connection with "kebab."
One of the most popular soups in Moroccan Jewish cuisine, Harira מרק חרירה is a hearty, tomato-based soup enjoyed year-round and often served during holidays, including the Yom Kippur break-the-fast meal. The name comes from the Arabic word harir, meaning "silk," which reflects the soup’s velvety texture. It’s traditionally made with a combination of lentils, chickpeas, and a blend of warm spices such as cinnamon, ginger, and saffron.
The Yaacov Agam Art Museum, located in the city of Rishon Lezion, Israel, is dedicated to the work of Yaacov Agam, one of the leading figures in kinetic art. The museum showcases Agam’s unique contributions to the field, including his famous moving sculptures, interactive works, and optical illusions. Visitors can explore a wide array of his creations that emphasize color, movement, and the relationship between the viewer and the artwork
Yaacov Agam Art Museum
Injera 4 cups teff flour 4 cups water 1 teaspoon salt vegetable oil Instruction: Sift flour into a large bowl. Gradually add the water, mixing gently with a wooden spoon. It should have the consistency of slightly thicker than usual crêpe batter. You may not need all the water. Cover with parchment paper and let the batter sit for 2-3 days on your kitchen counter. This is the point where the batter will ferment, and at the end of it, you'll get a sour smell, much like sourdough. Scoop out any liquid floating at the top, and any off color foam (like a little yellow). Add the salt and stir to combine. Grease your griddle or large frying pan and bring to medium heat. Using a ladle, pour a thin layer of the batter. Tilt the frying pan to allow the batter to spread and coat the bottom of the pan.. Cook until you see air pockets or holes appearing (about 30 seconds). Then cover the skillet and cook for another minute. There will be lots of steam and you’ll see that the injera is beginning to curl along the edge. Slide the Injera onto a large plate
The tradition of breaking glass at a Jewish wedding dates back to at least the fourth century CE. The earliest reference to this tradition is in the Talmud.
The Bedouins have traditionally lived a nomadic lifestyle, herding livestock such as sheep, goats, camels, and chickens. Over the years, Bedouins have used a variety of plants found in the desert, not only for medicinal purposes but also to prepare traditional dishes.Some of the common plants that Bedouins use in their cooking include: Thyme, Mallow (Egyptian Thyme), and Wild Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum)
A Bedouin feast served at Kfar Hanokdim. Photo: Joni Gritzner
At the end of 1984 and in May of 1991 the Israeli government orchestrated 2 massive covert operations to transport virtually the entire Ethiopian Jewish community to Israel. The first was codenamed Operation Moses; a six week campaign to secretly transport 8000 Ethiopian Jews to Israel. The second was Operation Solomon; an unprecedented mass evacuation by airlift of over 15000 Ethiopian Jews in less than 36 hours.
NEW OLIM rescued from Ethiopia step out of an IDF Hercules at a base in Israel, during Operation Solomon, May 1991. photo credit: Wikimedia Commons)
Lawsonia Inermis, also known as the Henna tree. It is used as a traditional medicinal plant.Henna is a tall shrub or small tree, standing 1.8 to 7.6 m tall (6 to 25 ft). Its dried leaves are the source of the dye Henna used to dye skin.
The Adon HaSelichot piyyut is sung on Yom Kippur evening. It is an alphabetic acrostic - the first line beginning with alef and the final line with tav. This melody is a traditional Mizrachi, melody from Jerusalem.Adon haselichot, bochen levavot, goleh amukot, dover tzedakot Chatanu lefaneicha, rachem aleinu (x2) Hadur benifla'ot, vatik benechamot, zocher b'rit amo, choker kelayot Chatanu lefaneicha, rachem aleinu.(x2) Male zakiyut, nora tehino, tzone'ach avonot, oneh be'etzavot Chatanu lefaneicha, rachem aleinu.(x2)
Mufleta מופלטה, also is a Jewish Moroccan crepe traditionally eaten during the Mimouna celebration, the day after Passover. Mufletta is a t h in crepe made from water, flour and oil. The dough is rolled out thinly and cooked in a frying pan. It is usually eaten warm, spread with butter, honey, maple syrup, silan,jam, walnut, pistachios or dried fruits.
Mufleta recipie
This empire, which lasted from the 14th century until World War I, became a safe haven for many Sephardic Jews fleeing Spain and helped influence the development of Jewish communities in Israel.
Bayezid II by Paolo Veronese, c. 16th century
Natan Sharansky and his fellow activists organized protests, hunger strikes, and other forms of resistance to bring attention to the plight of Soviet Jews. His resistance resulted in his being sentenced to prison for 13 years.
In 2006, US President George W. Bush awarded Natan Sharansky the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
FILFEL CHUMA פלפלצ׳ומה Ingredients: * 5 Tablespoons olive oil
* 4-5 Tablespoons crushed garlic cloves
* 2 Tablespoons lemon juice
* 3 Tablespoons hot paprika
* 1 Tablespoon sweet paprika
* 1/2 teaspoon cumin
* 1/2 teaspoon salt
* 1/2 teaspoon ground caraway
Preparation instructions:* Place the crushed garlic cloves, paprika, and spices in a blender, add the olive oil, and slowly drizzle in the lemon juice until you get a fairly smooth paste.
* Store in a glass bottle in the refrigerator.
These were two days during the Shavuot holiday in 1941 in Iraq. The 'Farhud' was a brutal massacre of Jews who were returning from their synagogues . It marked the boiling point for the persecution of Jews in Iraq, with racial laws and mass dismissals. These were also the days that marked the end of a magnificent community, the oldest outside of Israel, approximately 2,600 years old. It was an educated and thriving community, with ministers and parliament members, government officials in key positions, wealthy merchants, economists, accountants, lawyers, intellectuals, musicians, and spiritual leaders.
The tomb of Ezra in Basra Iraq
Ingredients: HALVAH 2 cups honey 1 1/2 cups tahini, well stirred to combine Up to 2 cups toasted sliced almonds or other nuts (optional) Directions: Heat honey on medium heat until your candy or instant-read thermometer reads 240˚ F. Have the tahini ready to heat in a separate small pot, and once the honey is at the appropriate temperature, set the honey aside and heat tahini to 120˚ F. Add the warmed tahini to the honey and mix with a wooden spoon to combine. At first it will look separated but after a few minutes, the mixture will come together smoothly. Add the nuts, if using. Continue to mix until the mixture starts to stiffen, for a good 6-8 minutes. Pour mixture into a well-greased loaf pan, or into a greased cake pan with a removable bottom. Let cool to room temperature and wrap tightly with plastic wrap. Leave in the refrigerator for up to 36 hours. This will allow the sugar crystals to form, which will give the halvah its distinctive texture.
Itzhak Perlman performed with every major orchestra and at concert halls around the globe. Perlman has been honored with 16 GRAMMY® Awards, four Emmy Awards, a Kennedy Center Honor, a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and a Genesis Prize. Perlman has received multiple distinctions from U.S. Presidents over the years: A Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Nation’s highest civilian honor, by President Obama in 2015, a Kennedy Center Honor in 2003, a National Medal of Arts by President Clinton in 2000, and a Medal of Liberty by President Reagan in 1986.
Itzhak Perlman
The Jewish community in Iran is attributed to the Babylonian exile period (586-597 BCE). According to tradition, the Jews who remained in Babylon after the proclamation of Cyrus and the return to Zion formed the nucleus from which the Jews who settled in Iran emerged. the story of the Book of Esther400-200 BCE took place in Persia, which became one of the best-known chapters in the history of the community. Jewish traditions mention the tombs of Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther in the city of Hamadan in Iran. During the 19th century, the Jews of Iran suffered much persecution, mainly due to the weakness of the central government at that time. In March 1839, in the city of Mashhad, a Muslim mob massacred the city's Jews.
This decade marked the beginning of a significant wave of Jewish immigration to the land of Israel, driven by a desire for Zionism and the escape from persecution in Eastern Europe.
1882 BILU AND THE FIRST ALIYAH The name Bilu stood for "Bet Ya'akov L'chu V'Nelcha"(O House of Jacob , come ye and let us go," quoted from Isaiah. The movement was founded in Kharkiv, Russia, in 1882 by Jewish students reacting to the pogroms in Russia at the time. Their goal was to resettle in the Land of Israel. The first 14 members of Bilu arrived in Palestine in July 1882.
Libya had been home to a Jewish community for thousands of years, and though the Jews had lived under Greek, Roman, Ottoman, Italian, British, and Arab rule, no trace of this once-thriving community exists anymore.
Slat Lekbira Synagogue, Lybia
Eden Golan talent and perseverance on stage and backstage at the Eurovision with song "Hurricane" were a defiant, soulful, electrifying lift for her homeland of Israel and Jewish people around the world.
Eden Golan enters the stage during the opening ceremony of The Eurovision Song Contest 2024 Grand Final at Malmö Arena on May 11, 2024 in Malmo, Sweden. (Photo: Martin Sylvest Andersen/Getty Images)
The Secret History of Ethiopian Jews via Unpacked.
From Africa to Zion: The Shepherd Boy Who Became Israel’s First Ethiopian-Born Journalist
by Danny Adeno Abebe
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Jeopardy
Delving into Israel's Diversity: A Journey Through Cultures, Faiths, and Traditions
Israel is a nation defined by its rich tapestry of cultures, ethnicities, religions, languages, and culinary traditions.This diversity reflects its history and is a driving force behind its modern identity and advancements.
start
Hit 'Hint' on each page for fascinating info, then tap the icon in the Hint section to explore YouTube, articles, music, recipes, & more.
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History
Arts
Traditions
Culinary
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Science
Category is...
History
Science
Question 1/9
Points in play
History
+100 points
Hint
Clue: After the 1492 Alhambra Decree expelled Jews from Spain, forcing them to either leave or convert, Sephardic Jews sought refuge in this empire, where they preserved their traditions and later contributed to the cultural landscape of modern Israel.
What is the Roman Empire
What is the Ottoman Empire
What is...
The Ottoman Empire?
If your answer is correct,you win 100pts
History
Question 2/9
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+200 points
Hint
Clue: The First Aliyah, the initial large-scale migration of Jews from Eastern Europe to the land of Israel, began in this year. It was primarily driven by widespread persecution in Eastern Europe, and the need and desire to go to our Jewish homeland.
What is The 1880s
What is The 1700s
What is...
The 1880s?
If your answer is correct,you win 200pts
History
Question 3/9
Points in play
+300 points
Hint
Clue: This group of Jews, originally from the Arabian Peninsula, made their way to Israel in a historic airlift operation "Magic Carpet" in the 1950s.
Who are the Yemenite Jews
Who are the Moroccan Jews
Who are...
The Yemenite Jews?
If your answer is correct,you win 300pts
solution
History
Question 4/9
Points in play
+400 points
Hint
Clue: In Israel, this Arab group, a minority in the country, has served in the Israeli military and are known for their unique traditions, culture, and loyalty to the state.
Who are the Druze
Who are the Macedonians
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The Druze?
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Clue: This group of Jews, fleeing anti-Semitism and political turmoil in Eastern Europe, began migrating to Israel in the 1970s and 1980s. Many escaped persecution, with a large wave arriving in the 1990s after the collapse of the regime.
Who are the Poland Jews
Who are the Russian (Soviet) Jews
Who are...
Russian Jews?
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Clue: This community, originating from the Horn of Africa, experienced a mass evacuation to Israel in the 1980s and early 1990s, primarily through the "Operation Moses" and "Operation Solomon" airlifts.
Who are the Kurdistan Jews
Who are the Ethiopian Jews
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The Ethiopian Jews?
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Clue: This Jewish community, with a history in the Caucasus region dating back over 2,000 years, also known as the “Mountain Jews,” made aliyah to Israel in the 1970s and 1980s, after the collapse of the regime.
Who are the Georgian Jews
Who are the Bulgarian Jews
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The Georgian Jews?
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Clue: Since the establishment of the state of Israel, Jews from this country have immigrated to Israel in two main waves of immigration: the first, immediately after the establishment of the state of Israel, between the years 1950-1953, and the second, after the Islamic Revolution in 1979.
Who are the Persian (Iranian) Jews
Who are the Tunisian Jews
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The Persian (Iranian) Jews?
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Clue: This operation, known as "Ali Baba" or Operation "Ezra and Nehemiah", was a covert mission during the 1950s and 1960s that facilitated the immigration of Jews from a country in Western Asia to Israel. It involved smuggling Jews out via a network of routes, as well as airlifts, and helped bring thousands of Jews to Israel during a politically sensitive period.
Who are the Iraqi Jews
Who are the Algerian Jews
Who are...
The Iraqi Jews?
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Clue: This ethnic group, originally from the Sinai Peninsula, lives primarily in Israel’s Negev Desert, and maintains a semi-nomadic lifestyle.
Who are the Nubians
Who are the Bedouins
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The Bedouins?
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Traditions
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Clue:This holiday, observed by the Beta Israel community, commemorates the revelation of the Torah to Moses and includes fasting, a yearning for the rebuilding of the Temple, prayers, and a festive meal to conclude the day.
What is the First of Cheshvan
What is the Sigd
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Sigd?
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Clue: This ethnic group, which lives in towns such as Daliyat al-Karmel and Usfiya, located on Mount Carmel and Majdal Shams, in the Golan Heights, blends elements of Islam, Hinduism, and ancient Greek philosophy, and has been in the region since the 11th century.
Who are the Druze
Who are the Kurds
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The Druze ?
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Clue: This traditional Jerusalem-Sephardic melody, which is recited during the Selichot prayers leading up to Rosh HaShanah, has become so iconic that it has been embraced by Jewish communities worldwide and even incorporated into pop music by artists like Hanan Ben Ari and E-Z.
The "Adon HaSlichot" melody
The "Avinu Malkweinu" melody
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The "Adon HaSlichot" melody?
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Clue: This joyous celebration, typically held at the end of Passover, marks the return to eating leavened bread and is especially popular among Moroccan Jews, with large feasts and sweets like mufleta.
Mimouna Celebration
Mofletta Moroccan Crepes
What is the Mimouna
What is the Henna
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Mimouna?
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Clue: In the Sefardic and Moroccan Jewish communities, this vibrant ceremony often takes place before a wedding, where intricate designs are applied to the hands using a special dye.
What is the Henna
What is the Kubaneh
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A Henna ceremony?
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Clue:This symbolic act performed by the groom at the end of a Jewish wedding ceremony commemorates the sorrow over the destruction of the ancient Temple in Jerusalem.
What is the Breaking Of The Glass
What is the Bedeken
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The breaking of the glass?
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Arts
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Clue: This Israeli artist is known for his groundbreaking work in kinetic art, creating sculptures that shift in appearance depending on the viewer's perspective. His most famous work include "The Firebird", "Seven Colors Fountain", and "Peace On Earth".
Who is Nachum Gutman
Who is Yaacov Agam
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Yaacov Agam?
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Clue: Known for their elaborate silver jewelry, often incorporating symbols like the Hamsa, Star of David, and geometric patterns, this group of artisans in Israel continues a centuries-old tradition. Notable craftsmen include Ben - Zion David, Avraham Elbaz, and Yehuda Assouline.
Who are the Yemenite jewelers
Who are the Italian jewelers
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The Yemenite jewelry artisans?
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Clue: This famous Israeli violinist, born in Israel to parents from Eastern Europe, became one of the world’s greatest musicians, performing in concert halls around the globe.
Who is Itzhak Perlman
Who is Miri Ben - Ari
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Itzhak Perlman?
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Clue: Originally titled "October Rain" and influenced by the brutal attack on Israel by Hamas, this song was renamed "Hurricane" after the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) rejected the entry on the grounds of political content in its lyrics. The new title was chosen to reflect resilience and unity, and to avoid further political division. Performed by an Israeli artist at the 2024 Eurovision Song Contest, it was written by Avi Ohayon, Keren Peles, and Stav Beger.
Who is Eden Golan
Who is Netta Barzilai
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Eden Golan?
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Clue: The traditional music of an Israeli community from this African country includes instruments like the masenqo (a single-stringed fiddle), the krar (a five-stringed lyre), the washint (a wooden or bamboo flute), and the nagarit (a large drum).
What is Ethiopia
What is Tunisia
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Ethiopia?
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Clue: This novel, chosen by the Israeli Ministry of Education for Holocaust studies for high school students, tells the story of a young Jewish woman from Benghazi, Libya, who is sent to the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp, based on the true life experiences of the author's family.
A Jewish couple from Libya, survivors of Bergen Belsen, wearing yellow stars. From the book "Temunot Zikaron", the Or Shalom Center for Libyan Jewish Heritage
What is Benghazi — Bergen-Belsen by Yossi Sucary
What is After Daybreak: The Liberation of Bergen - Belsen, 1945 by Ben Shephard
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Benghazi — Bergen-Belsen by Yossi Sucary?
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CULINARY
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Clue: One of the most popular hearty, tomato-based soups in Moroccan Jewish cuisine. let’s view an episode from Hananel Edri's series, Cooking with Hananel, which he made with his beloved grandmother. As a teenager, Hananel embarked on a special journey around America, where he performed with the Tzofim Friendship Caravan. This experience fostered a profound connection with the Syracuse community. Hananel’s talent extends beyond music, as he also has special culinary skills.
What is Harira Soup -מרק חרירה
What is Matbucha - מטבוחה
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HARIRA - חרירה SOUP?
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Clue: Often found in Libyan Jewish cuisine, this fiery spread blends garlic and chili, and is a staple for adding heat to meals.
What is Filfel Chuma - פלפלצ'ומה
What is Sechug -סחוג
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Filfel Chuma - פלפלצ'ומה?
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Clue: This traditional Jewish Iraqi dish features dumplings made from a delicate dough of bulgur, semolina, and sometimes potatoes, enclosing a spiced meat filling of beef or lamb, and is typically served in a soup.
What is Kubbeh
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Kubbeh ?
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Clue: This spongy, sour flatbread, made from Teff flour, is a staple of Ethiopian cuisine and often used to scoop up stews and salads.
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Injera?
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Clue: This slow-baked Yemenite pastry, prepared overnight, is traditionally served on Shabbat morning with resek agvaniyot, hard-boiled eggs, and Zhug.
What is Lachuch
What is Jachnun - גַ'חְנוּן
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Jachnun - גַ'חְנוּן ?
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Clue: This creamy, sesame-based ingredient is a key component in Israeli Halvah, giving it its rich texture and flavor.
What is Tehini Paste
What is Silan
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Tehini paste ?
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Israel is a melting pot of different cultures and religions. This community, a minority who live mostly in villages in the Galilee and Golan, have a unique culture including a secretive religion, colorful markets and a cuisine that is to die for.
Eat in a CircleIt’s traditional to eat sitting around a low round table. Eating in a circle means that everyone sees eye to eye and feels connected, reinforcing the Jewish values of shalom bayit (peace in the home) and hachnasat orchim (welcoming guests). Seniority Matters Who’s the oldest person at your table? The rule is that no one starts eating until the oldest person says a blessing and takes the first bite. This reinforces the values of v’hadarta p’nei zaken (honoring elders) and hakarat hatov (gratitude). Take It Slow Who’s the slowest eater in your family? The rule is that no one eats faster than the slowest person. This rule reinforces the value of k’vod ha’acher (respecting the other). It also shifts the rhythm of the meal so that no one races through it, and everyone takes time to enjoy the food and the company. Hands On! A traditional Ethiopian meal is eaten without silverware. Rather, you use bread (commonly a flatbread called injera) to scoop up bites of stew, chicken, vegetables, dips, and other foods. (Talk about kid-friendly … ) The food is served in bowls in the middle of the round table — never too far away from anyone who’s hungry! — reinforcing a feeling of community or kehilla.
Photographer Zion Ozeri photo exhibition at the ANU – Museum of the Jewish People in Tel Aviv explores the rich heritage of the Jews of Yemen.
The Jews of Yemen – The Last Generation. (photo credit: ZION OZERI)
This Jewish community, known for their distinctive dress—featuring colorful, embroidered garments and ornate gold jewelry—brought unique religious customs, songs, and a rich culinary tradition, including dishes like jachnun and malawach, when they were relocated to Israel during the 1950s' Operation Magic Carpet.
Yemenite Jewish bride in traditional dress.
The Georgian Jews יהדות גאורגיה, are a community of Jews who migrated to Georgia during the Babylonian captivity in the 6th century BCE. It is one of the oldest communities in the region. They are also widely distinguished from the Ashkenazi Jews in Georgia, who arrived following the Russian annexation of Georgia. Traditionally, Georgian Jews pray in Hebrew, however their everyday language was and is Judeo-Georgian which is an interesting mix between a Turkic dialect and Hebrew. Shalom Koboshvili (1876 – 1941) was a Georgian artist who specialised in drawings and paintings of Jewish life in Georgia.
Shalom Koboshvili (1876 - 1941) self potrait
This minority in Israel performs the Dabke folk dance during festive occasions, where dancers form a line or circle, moving in synchronized steps to rhythmic music. Known for their rich cultural heritage, they use this energetic and communal dance to celebrate important events and milestones.
The dough is tightly rolled and nestled into the pot alongside uncooked eggs for a low-heat, slow-baking/cooking process, which results in a light brown color and toasty, caramelized notes. Meanwhile, the dough undergoes its own process of caramelization, entering the pot a pale tan and emerging a deep golden brown.
On a brisk winter Friday, stroll through Jerusalem’s Machaneh Yehudah or Tel Aviv’s Hatikva shuk (markets), and you’ll spot clusters of friends and families sitting down and having bowls of steaming kubbeh soup. Kubbeh, also known as kobeba, kubba, and kibbeh, is a popular dish in Israel. Believed to have originated in modern-day Iraq, its name comes from the Akkadian word "kobo," meaning "round as a dome," which is also the root of the Arabic word for dome, "kubba," and shares a connection with "kebab."
One of the most popular soups in Moroccan Jewish cuisine, Harira מרק חרירה is a hearty, tomato-based soup enjoyed year-round and often served during holidays, including the Yom Kippur break-the-fast meal. The name comes from the Arabic word harir, meaning "silk," which reflects the soup’s velvety texture. It’s traditionally made with a combination of lentils, chickpeas, and a blend of warm spices such as cinnamon, ginger, and saffron.
The Yaacov Agam Art Museum, located in the city of Rishon Lezion, Israel, is dedicated to the work of Yaacov Agam, one of the leading figures in kinetic art. The museum showcases Agam’s unique contributions to the field, including his famous moving sculptures, interactive works, and optical illusions. Visitors can explore a wide array of his creations that emphasize color, movement, and the relationship between the viewer and the artwork
Yaacov Agam Art Museum
Injera 4 cups teff flour 4 cups water 1 teaspoon salt vegetable oil Instruction: Sift flour into a large bowl. Gradually add the water, mixing gently with a wooden spoon. It should have the consistency of slightly thicker than usual crêpe batter. You may not need all the water. Cover with parchment paper and let the batter sit for 2-3 days on your kitchen counter. This is the point where the batter will ferment, and at the end of it, you'll get a sour smell, much like sourdough. Scoop out any liquid floating at the top, and any off color foam (like a little yellow). Add the salt and stir to combine. Grease your griddle or large frying pan and bring to medium heat. Using a ladle, pour a thin layer of the batter. Tilt the frying pan to allow the batter to spread and coat the bottom of the pan.. Cook until you see air pockets or holes appearing (about 30 seconds). Then cover the skillet and cook for another minute. There will be lots of steam and you’ll see that the injera is beginning to curl along the edge. Slide the Injera onto a large plate
The tradition of breaking glass at a Jewish wedding dates back to at least the fourth century CE. The earliest reference to this tradition is in the Talmud.
The Bedouins have traditionally lived a nomadic lifestyle, herding livestock such as sheep, goats, camels, and chickens. Over the years, Bedouins have used a variety of plants found in the desert, not only for medicinal purposes but also to prepare traditional dishes.Some of the common plants that Bedouins use in their cooking include: Thyme, Mallow (Egyptian Thyme), and Wild Garlic (Allium ampeloprasum)
A Bedouin feast served at Kfar Hanokdim. Photo: Joni Gritzner
At the end of 1984 and in May of 1991 the Israeli government orchestrated 2 massive covert operations to transport virtually the entire Ethiopian Jewish community to Israel. The first was codenamed Operation Moses; a six week campaign to secretly transport 8000 Ethiopian Jews to Israel. The second was Operation Solomon; an unprecedented mass evacuation by airlift of over 15000 Ethiopian Jews in less than 36 hours.
NEW OLIM rescued from Ethiopia step out of an IDF Hercules at a base in Israel, during Operation Solomon, May 1991. photo credit: Wikimedia Commons)
Lawsonia Inermis, also known as the Henna tree. It is used as a traditional medicinal plant.Henna is a tall shrub or small tree, standing 1.8 to 7.6 m tall (6 to 25 ft). Its dried leaves are the source of the dye Henna used to dye skin.
The Adon HaSelichot piyyut is sung on Yom Kippur evening. It is an alphabetic acrostic - the first line beginning with alef and the final line with tav. This melody is a traditional Mizrachi, melody from Jerusalem.Adon haselichot, bochen levavot, goleh amukot, dover tzedakot Chatanu lefaneicha, rachem aleinu (x2) Hadur benifla'ot, vatik benechamot, zocher b'rit amo, choker kelayot Chatanu lefaneicha, rachem aleinu.(x2) Male zakiyut, nora tehino, tzone'ach avonot, oneh be'etzavot Chatanu lefaneicha, rachem aleinu.(x2)
Mufleta מופלטה, also is a Jewish Moroccan crepe traditionally eaten during the Mimouna celebration, the day after Passover. Mufletta is a t h in crepe made from water, flour and oil. The dough is rolled out thinly and cooked in a frying pan. It is usually eaten warm, spread with butter, honey, maple syrup, silan,jam, walnut, pistachios or dried fruits.
Mufleta recipie
This empire, which lasted from the 14th century until World War I, became a safe haven for many Sephardic Jews fleeing Spain and helped influence the development of Jewish communities in Israel.
Bayezid II by Paolo Veronese, c. 16th century
Natan Sharansky and his fellow activists organized protests, hunger strikes, and other forms of resistance to bring attention to the plight of Soviet Jews. His resistance resulted in his being sentenced to prison for 13 years.
In 2006, US President George W. Bush awarded Natan Sharansky the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
FILFEL CHUMA פלפלצ׳ומה Ingredients: * 5 Tablespoons olive oil * 4-5 Tablespoons crushed garlic cloves * 2 Tablespoons lemon juice * 3 Tablespoons hot paprika * 1 Tablespoon sweet paprika * 1/2 teaspoon cumin * 1/2 teaspoon salt * 1/2 teaspoon ground caraway
Preparation instructions:* Place the crushed garlic cloves, paprika, and spices in a blender, add the olive oil, and slowly drizzle in the lemon juice until you get a fairly smooth paste. * Store in a glass bottle in the refrigerator.
These were two days during the Shavuot holiday in 1941 in Iraq. The 'Farhud' was a brutal massacre of Jews who were returning from their synagogues . It marked the boiling point for the persecution of Jews in Iraq, with racial laws and mass dismissals. These were also the days that marked the end of a magnificent community, the oldest outside of Israel, approximately 2,600 years old. It was an educated and thriving community, with ministers and parliament members, government officials in key positions, wealthy merchants, economists, accountants, lawyers, intellectuals, musicians, and spiritual leaders.
The tomb of Ezra in Basra Iraq
Ingredients: HALVAH 2 cups honey 1 1/2 cups tahini, well stirred to combine Up to 2 cups toasted sliced almonds or other nuts (optional) Directions: Heat honey on medium heat until your candy or instant-read thermometer reads 240˚ F. Have the tahini ready to heat in a separate small pot, and once the honey is at the appropriate temperature, set the honey aside and heat tahini to 120˚ F. Add the warmed tahini to the honey and mix with a wooden spoon to combine. At first it will look separated but after a few minutes, the mixture will come together smoothly. Add the nuts, if using. Continue to mix until the mixture starts to stiffen, for a good 6-8 minutes. Pour mixture into a well-greased loaf pan, or into a greased cake pan with a removable bottom. Let cool to room temperature and wrap tightly with plastic wrap. Leave in the refrigerator for up to 36 hours. This will allow the sugar crystals to form, which will give the halvah its distinctive texture.
Itzhak Perlman performed with every major orchestra and at concert halls around the globe. Perlman has been honored with 16 GRAMMY® Awards, four Emmy Awards, a Kennedy Center Honor, a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and a Genesis Prize. Perlman has received multiple distinctions from U.S. Presidents over the years: A Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Nation’s highest civilian honor, by President Obama in 2015, a Kennedy Center Honor in 2003, a National Medal of Arts by President Clinton in 2000, and a Medal of Liberty by President Reagan in 1986.
Itzhak Perlman
The Jewish community in Iran is attributed to the Babylonian exile period (586-597 BCE). According to tradition, the Jews who remained in Babylon after the proclamation of Cyrus and the return to Zion formed the nucleus from which the Jews who settled in Iran emerged. the story of the Book of Esther400-200 BCE took place in Persia, which became one of the best-known chapters in the history of the community. Jewish traditions mention the tombs of Mordecai the Jew and Queen Esther in the city of Hamadan in Iran. During the 19th century, the Jews of Iran suffered much persecution, mainly due to the weakness of the central government at that time. In March 1839, in the city of Mashhad, a Muslim mob massacred the city's Jews.
This decade marked the beginning of a significant wave of Jewish immigration to the land of Israel, driven by a desire for Zionism and the escape from persecution in Eastern Europe.
1882 BILU AND THE FIRST ALIYAH The name Bilu stood for "Bet Ya'akov L'chu V'Nelcha"(O House of Jacob , come ye and let us go," quoted from Isaiah. The movement was founded in Kharkiv, Russia, in 1882 by Jewish students reacting to the pogroms in Russia at the time. Their goal was to resettle in the Land of Israel. The first 14 members of Bilu arrived in Palestine in July 1882.
Libya had been home to a Jewish community for thousands of years, and though the Jews had lived under Greek, Roman, Ottoman, Italian, British, and Arab rule, no trace of this once-thriving community exists anymore.
Slat Lekbira Synagogue, Lybia
Eden Golan talent and perseverance on stage and backstage at the Eurovision with song "Hurricane" were a defiant, soulful, electrifying lift for her homeland of Israel and Jewish people around the world.
Eden Golan enters the stage during the opening ceremony of The Eurovision Song Contest 2024 Grand Final at Malmö Arena on May 11, 2024 in Malmo, Sweden. (Photo: Martin Sylvest Andersen/Getty Images)
The Secret History of Ethiopian Jews via Unpacked.
From Africa to Zion: The Shepherd Boy Who Became Israel’s First Ethiopian-Born Journalist by Danny Adeno Abebe