LANDMARKS (KNOWING ME, KNOWING YOU PROJECT)

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eTwinning project: KNOWING ME, KNOWING YOU

LANDMARKS

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EIFFEL TOWER

2. Architectural and Technical Features

1. General Information

• The Eiffel Tower is located in Paris, the capital of France.
• It was built between 1887-1889.
• It was designed by engineer Gustave Eiffel and his team.

• Its height is 330 meters including the antenna.
• It was built using 10,100 tons of iron.
• It has 3 floors and each floor has different activities and restaurants.
• Wind Resistance: The tower is designed to withstand strong winds. Its flexible structure prevents it from collapsing by swaying slightly even in strong winds
• Maintenance and Painting: The Eiffel Tower is repainted every 7 years with approximately 60 tons of paint to prevent rust and protect the structure. The painting process takes 18 months and is done by 25 workers.

3. Construction Process and History

• It was built for the Paris World Fair in 1889.
• It was initially considered temporary, but was made permanent due to great interest.
• It was also used for radio and television broadcasting for a period.

5.The Eiffel Tower and Its Cultural Impact

4. Touristic Importance

• Place in Art and Literature: The Eiffel Tower has been a source of inspiration for many painters, photographers and writers. It has become an important symbol in art movements such as Cubism, Futurism and Surrealism.
• Place in Popular Culture: It has been used as an iconic figure in many areas, from movies to books, from advertising to the fashion world. It is especially considered the symbol of romance and Paris.

• It is visited by approximately 7 million people every year.
• It is one of the most important symbols of Paris and France.
• It is famous for its light shows at night.

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TAJ MAHAL

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GREAT WALL OF CHINA

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COLOSSEUM

STATUE OF LIBERTY

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The Statue of Liberty is one of the most iconic symbols of the United States and represents freedom and hospitality. It is located in New York, on Liberty Island, and is one of the most visited monuments in the world. Physical description • The statue depicts a standing woman, wrapped in a long tunic, representing the goddess Libertas of Roman mythology. • In his right hand he holds a torch raised towards the sky, symbol of the light of freedom. • In his left hand he holds a stone table with the date July 4, 1776, the day of the Declaration of Independence of the United States. • At its feet are broken chains, symbolizing liberation from oppression. • The head of the statue is crowned by a diadem with seven points, representing the seven continents and the seven seas, to signify the universality of freedom. The statue was a gift from France to the United States in 1886, to celebrate the centenary of American independence and the friendship between the two countries. The monument was dismantled in France, transported to the USA in 350 pieces and then reassembled. It can be visited by climbing 354 steps to the crown, from which you can enjoy a spectacular view of New York.

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MACHU PICCHU

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BIG BEN

Big Ben was designed by Edmund Beckett Denison and Sir George Airy, the Astronomer Royal, and was constructed by Edward John Dent and Frederick Dent. The Palace of Westminster was destroyed by fire in 1834. In 1844, it was decided the new buildings for the Houses of Parliament should include a tower and a clock. A massive bell was required and the first attempt (made by John Warner & Sons at Stockton-on-Tees) cracked irreparably. The metal was melted down and the bell recast in Whitechapel in 1858.Big Ben first rang across Westminster on 31 May 1859. A short time later, in September 1859, Big Ben cracked. A lighter hammer was fitted and the bell rotated to present an undamaged section to the hammer. This is the bell as we hear it today.

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PYRAMIDS

The pyramids of ancient Egypt were tombs. Egyptian kings had themselves buried with gold and other treasure. They had pyramids built partly to keep out people who would steal the treasure. However, robbers broke into most, if not all, of the Egyptian pyramids in ancient times. About 80 pyramids have been found in Egypt, but some are now only rubble.

The Great Pyramid was built for King Khufu in about 2550 bce. It sits in a group with two smaller pyramids in Giza, Egypt. About 100,000 workers spent about 20 years building the Great Pyramid. They stacked about 2.3 million blocks of stone to a height of 471 feet (143 meters). Each of the blocks weighed about 2.5 tons. The workers probably hauled them up a long dirt ramp.

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SAGRADA FAMILIA

The Sagrada Família is a one-of-a-kind temple, for its origins, foundation and purpose. Fruit of the work of genius architect Antoni Gaudí, the project was promoted by the people for the people. Five generations now have watched the Temple progress in Barcelona. Today, more than 140 years after the laying of the cornerstone, construction continues on the Basilica. On 19 March 1882, construction of Sagrada Família began under architect Francisco de Paula del Villar. In 1883, when Villar resigned, Gaudí took over as chief architect, transforming the project with his architectural and engineering style, combining Gothic and curvilinear Art Nouveau forms. Gaudí devoted the remainder of his life to the project, and he is buried in the church's crypt. At the time of his death in 1926, less than a quarter of the project was complete.

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EMPIRE STATE BUILDING

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STONEHENGE

2- Mysteries and Theories of Stonehenge

1- History and Construction Process

• It is thought to be a kind of calendar because it was built in harmony with the movements of the sun and the moon.
• There are various theories such as it was built by Druids, Neolithic societies or aliens.
• There are claims that it may have been used in human sacrifice ritual

• It is estimated that it was built between 3000-2000 BC.
• It is still not known exactly how the giant stones (sarsen and bluestone) were transported.
• It is thought that the structure had a religious, astronomical or cultural purpose.

3- Economic and Tourism Importance

4- Touristic and Cultural Importance

• Stonehenge is an important source of income for UK tourism.
• Visitors spend in hotels, restaurants and souvenir shops in the area, boosting the local economy.
• Events and special tours organized every year increase interest in the Wiltshire region.
• Stonehenge has inspired many films, documentaries and literary works.
• It has been featured in popular productions such as Harry Potter, Doctor Who and Marvel.

• One of the most popular tourist spots in England.It is visited by many people during the summer solstice (June 21) and winter solstice (December 21).It is frequently featured in popular culture in movies, books and documentaries.

5-Sustainable Tourism and Conservation Efforts

• Due to the human traffic and tourist density in the region, various measures are being taken to protect Stonehenge.
• The Archaeological Site Conservation Program aims to prevent damage to the area around the monument.
• New walking paths are being created to prevent visitors from damaging the monument.

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THE ACROPOLIS

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GRAND CANYON

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MONT SAINT-MICHELLE

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Mont Saint-Michel is a tidal island located in Normandy, France. It is famous for its spectacular medieval abbey and its unique location, which makes it accessible only at low tide. It takes its name from the Archangel Michael, who according to legend appeared in a dream to Bishop Aubert of Avranches in 708, asking him to build a sanctuary on the island.

The tides around the island are among the highest in Europe and can vary up to 14 metres, causing the island to appear and disappear from the water and during the Hundred Years' War, Mont Saint-Michel resisted English attacks, thanks to its walls.

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NOTRE DAME

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PETRA

Inhabited since prehistoric times, this Nabataean caravan-city, situated between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea, was an important crossroads between Arabia, Egypt and Syria-Phoenicia. Petra is half-built, half-carved into the rock, and is surrounded by mountains riddled with passages and gorges. It is one of the world's most famous archaeological sites, where ancient Eastern traditions blend with Hellenistic architecture. Situated between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea and inhabited since prehistoric times, the rock-cut capital city of the Nabateans, became during Hellenistic and Roman times a major caravan centre for the incense of Arabia, the silks of China and the spices of India, a crossroads between Arabia, Egypt and Syria-Phoenicia. Petra is half-built, half-carved into the rock, and is surrounded by mountains riddled with passages and gorges. An ingenious water management system allowed extensive settlement of an essentially arid area during the Nabataean, Roman and Byzantine periods. It is one of the world's richest and largest archaeological sites set in a dominating red sandstone landscape.

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ANGKOR WAT

Angkor is one of the most important archaeological sites in South-East Asia. Stretching over some 400 km2, including forested area, Angkor Archaeological Park contains the magnificent remains of the different capitals of the Khmer Empire, from the 9th to the 15th century. They include the famous Temple of Angkor Wat and, at Angkor Thom, the Bayon Temple with its countless sculptural decorations. UNESCO has set up a wide-ranging programme to safeguard this symbolic site and its surroundings.

Angkor is one of the largest archaeological sites in operation in the world. Tourism represents an enormous economic potential but it can also generate irreparable destructions of the tangible as well as intangible cultural heritage. Many research projects have been undertaken, since the international safeguarding program was first launched in 1993.

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LEANING TOWER OF PISA

The Tower of Pisa in Italian “Torre Pendente di Pisa” is located in the city of Pisa, exactly in the Piazza del Duomo of Pisa known as “Piazza dei Miracoli” (Cathedral Square). This famous tower began to tilt when its construction began in 1173. The Tower of Pisa measures 55.86 meters of height with an estimated weight of 14,700 tons and an inclination of about 4 ° extending 3.9 m of the vertical. In 1964 the Italian government asked for help to prevent the Tower of Pisa from collapsing.In 1987, UNESCO declared Patrimony of the Humanity to the whole patrimonial group of the Cathedral Square. In 1990 it closed its doors to the public as a security measure and after several works of restructuring, on June 16th 2001 opened its doors again.

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GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE

Golden Gate Bridge, suspension bridge spanning the Golden Gate in California to link San Francisco with Marin county to the north. Upon its completion in 1937, it was the tallest and longest suspension bridge in the world. The Golden Gate Bridge came to be recognized as a symbol of the power and progress of the United States, and it set a precedent for suspension-bridge design around the world The bridge’s orange vermilion color, suggested by consulting architect Irving Morrow, has a dual function, both fitting in with the surrounding natural scenery and being clearly visible to ships in fog. At night the bridge is floodlit and shines with a golden luminescence that reflects off the waters of the bay and creates a magical effect.. The bridge opened to vehicular traffic on May 28, 1937, under budget and ahead of schedule.

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SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE

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BELEM TOWER

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BRANDENBURG GATE

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DRACULA´S CASTLE

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BLUE MOSQUE

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The Sultanahmet camii or Sultan Ahmet camii, better known as the Blue Mosque, is one of the most important mosques in Istanbul, built by the Ottoman architect of Albanian origin Sedefkar Mehmed Agha. This magnificent mosque is located in the Fatih district, in the heart of the historic Sultanahmet district, and is a testimony to the artistic and architectural achievements of the Ottoman Empire. After the Peace of Zsitvatorok and the unfortunate results of the war with Persia, Sultan Ahmed I decided to build a large mosque in Istanbul to reaffirm Ottoman power.

After the Peace of Zsitvatorok and the unfortunate results of the war with Persia, Sultan Ahmed I decided to build a large mosque in Istanbul to reaffirm Ottoman power. Ahmed I used public money, since he had not achieved consistent military victories, causing popular dissent. The construction of the mosque began in 1609 and ended in 1617, being started by the sultan himself. It is universally known as the Blue Mosque. Its name comes from the 21,043 turquoise ceramic tiles inserted into the walls and dome. Turquoise is in fact the dominant color in the temple. Walls, columns and arches are covered with İznik (ancient Nicaea) tiles, decorated in shades ranging from blue to green. Illuminated by the light that filters through 260 small windows, they give the large prayer hall an evocative and surreal atmosphere.

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THE END