Zero and first conditional

Zero and first conditionalS

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Introduction

Zero Conditionals

First Conditionals

Index

Imperative Conditionals

Unless

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Introduction

Conditional sentences have two parts: the if-clause describes a possible event (condition) and the main clause describes the result of that event. (result) The if-clause can come before or after the main clause. When the if clause is first, put a comma between the two parts: If the lizard gets scared, it hides. The lizard hides if it gets scared.

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Zero Conditionals

Zero conditionals describe events and results that happen regularly or are always true. They are often used to report facts. We use the present tense in both the if-clause and the main clause: If you heat ice, it melts. Anyone can succeed if they work hard. Butter doesn't burn in the pan if you add a little oil to it.

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First Conditionals

First conditionals describe possible future events and the expected results of those events. We use the present tense in the if-clause (condition) and a future form in the main clause (result): If the scientists succeed, many people will live longer. If I don't work hard, I won't be successful. Will you have to commute if you get the job? He'll cook you an amazing meal if you ask him to do it.

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Imperative Conditionals

We can use imperatives in the main clause (result). The meaning can be present or future: If you're tired (now), go to bed (now). If you're tired when you arrive (this evening), go to bed (then).

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Unless

Unless means 'if not'. We can use it in zero or first conditionals and with imperatives: We play every Saturday unless it rains. It won't hurt you unless you run away.

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Tip

First conditionals are used to talk about future events where we are unsure if the result will happen. If the government changes the law, this area will become a national park. However, if we are sure the result will happen, we change if to when: When the government changes the law, this area will become a national park.

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