materials for technical use

materials for technical use

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TYPES OF MATERIALS:

RAW MATERIALS

PROCESSED MATERIALS:

finished materials

Raw materials

Materials we take directly from nature.

Three groups:

• Animal-based raw materials -> silk, hides...
• Plant-based raw materials -> wood, cork..
• Mineral-based raw materials -> marble, sand...

Processed materials

Processed materials are those wich are created by humans from the raw materials, but we can still use them to create more products.

Finished materials

Object created by humans to satisfy our needs and improve our life quality.

When making them, we follow a process

1. Extract raw materials.
2. Transform raw material in processed materials.
3. Use processed materials to make finished materials.

Materials used in technology

Metal

Plastic

Wood

Textile

Stone and glass

Ceramics

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Wood

Wood is extracted from the tree´s trunk and brunchies. It's used to make forniture, paper, decorative objects, handles for tools and constructions and to cover walls and floors. Some properties of wood are: Malleability Ductility Mechanical resistance Toughness Permeability Thermal expansion Acustic conductor Thermal aislant

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Wood

Cutting wood:

Generally, we use saws to cut wood, but depending on the cut and the type of wood we use specifics saws. Some of them are mitre saw, scroll saw, table saw, band saw, circular saw, reciprocating saw, scroll saw or jig saw

Pasting wood:

You can paste wood to almost every surface with a small amount of wood glue.

Metal

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We extract metal from minerals, these, in turn, are parts of rocks. Some examples are iron, steel or copper. Metals are used in plenty of things, such as parts of machines, tools, furniture, cables, pipes... The properties of metal are: Thermal, electric and acoustic conductivity Thermal expansion Fusibility, malleability and ductility Mechanical resistance Toughness Oxidation

What is the difference between corrosion and oxidation?

Metal

Cutting metal:

Pasting metal:

To paste or join together metal, the most useful method is to weld. But, if you can't weld you can use a very strong glue.

Using shears is the most traditional system to cut metal.

Difference between corrosion and oxidation:

Oxidation is a superficial change that occurs because of the exposure to oxygen. Corrosion affects the properties of the material and occurs because of the exposure to enviroment.

Plastic

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It´s gotten from oil, coal, natural gas, vegetable materials and animal protein.Cellophane, metacrylate and rubber are plastic materials. It´s used to make pipes, packaging, toys, containers and covers for cables. Some properties of plastic are: Thermal expansion Some fusibility Malleability Ductiliuty Mechanical resistance Toughness

What is PVC plastic?

Plastic

Cutting plastic:

Pasting plastic:

Depending on the type of plastic it´s easier or more difficult to cut. To cut hard plastic it´s recomendable to use a hot knife To cut softer plastics scisors are a good option.

Although plastic is a very easy material to glue things to, a recomended glue brand is Pattex wich has a very resistant glue for plastics.

PVC PLASTIC

The common denominator of these materials is that they are made up of macromolecules called monomers. Through a chemical process called polymerization, these molecules align into long chains, giving rise to a new material called a polymer. Is used to make toys, cover cables make pipes among other uses.

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Textile

Textile is got from raw materials such as wool, cotton and silk. Others are synthetic materials such as nylon and lycra. In the form of threats, they´re used to make fabrics for different puposes. Some of the main propertis of textile are:Color Brightness Fineness Elasticity Resistance Heat resistance Light resistance

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Textile

Pasting textile

Cutting textile

Textile is such an easy material to cut because with just a pair of scissors is enough.

To glue something to a textile piece, an especialised in textile glue is the better optionTextil can also get atached to something by using needle and thread.

Glass and stone

Extracted from rocks and used in construction and for decorations.

GLASS

STONe

The properties of glass are: Thermic and luminous conductivity Thermal expansion hardness Resistance under presure Thermic resistance Transparency

The properties of stone are: Density Porosity Permeability Calorific expansion onductivity

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Glass and stone

STONe

GLASS

Cutting glass:

Cutting stone:

Glass cutters and sharp knives are popular tools to cut or score glass.

The best tool to cut stone is a tile saw, it can cut variety of types of stone.

Pasting glass:

Pasting stone:

Normally, glass can be easily paste by using a strong glue. One of the most used is Loctite Super Glue Glass.

To paste stone you can use a thick paste made from mixing cement, water, and sand. It's primarily used as a sort of glue when building structures with stone.

Ceramics

Is get from moulding clay and baking it at high temperatures. China, terracotta, and porcelain are some examples.They´re used to make bricks, tiles, dishes, decorative objects...Some of the properties of ceramics are:Electric insulator Impermeability HardnessCorrosion and compresion resistance Good insulator

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Ceramics

Cutting ceramics:

Pasting ceramics:

The item used to cut ceramics is a saw because is very fragile so it can not be cut by any other item.

Ceramics can be glued to things by using a special glue for ceramics or by other epoxy adhesive.

Thank you!