Timeline Diagram

Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas Team 3 Group AP 2162933 ALANIS LERMA EMMA SHALOM 2088899 ESCUDERO DELGADO DIEGO ESTEBAN 2227147 LUNA VAZQUEZ ALAN FERNANDO 2152268 SILVA COVARRUBIAS AMY CONSTANZA 2227191 VALLEJO PALACIOS CAMILA NICOLE Structural Biology Professor: CARMONA GOMEZ ELIPHALETH November 29, 2024

13.4 billion years ago

13.76 billion years ago

13.8 billion years ago

13.8 billion years ago

First Light

First Stars

Human appearance Timeline

Creation of the Universe

Cosmic Inflation

13.8 billion years ago

Nucleosynthesis

First Particles

4.5 billion years ago

4.4 billion years ago

4.55 billion years ago

4.6 billion years ago

Terrestrial Planets

Gas Giants

Solar Nebula

human appearance Timeline

Creation of the solar system

4.6 billion years ago

Planetesimals

The Sun

Earth’s crust cools down

Early atmosphere

Earth’s crust cools down

Collision with Theia

Creation of the solar system Timeline

Creation of planet Earth

4.3 billion years ago

4.2 billion years ago

4.1 billion years ago

4 billion years ago

3.5 billion years ago

3.8 billion years ago

3.9 billion years ago

4 billion years ago

4 billion years ago

Photosynthesis

First life

creation of oceans

formation of basic organic molecules.

Human appearance Timeline

Starting life on Earth

Protocells

Homo Erectus

Homo sapiens

Early hominins

human appearance Timeline

Modern Human’s history

7 million years ago

Genus "Homo"

4 million years ago

2.5 million years ago

1.8 million years ago

Bipedalism

300,00 years ago

First human ancestor to leave africa

The extinct ancient human Homo erectus is a species of firsts. It was the first of our relatives to have human-like body proportions, with shorter arms and longer legs relative to its torso. It was also the first known hominin to migrate out of Africa, and possibly the first to cook food.

The Sun

The pressure caused by the material in the nebula made the hydrogen atoms to fuse into helium, releasing huge amounts of energy. That way our Sun was born. However there was some material left.

Protocells, emerged when lipids and other molecules spontaneously formed bilayer membranes, creating structures that could encapsulate other molecules. These primitive compartments provided a stable environment for chemical reactions and protected the molecules inside from the harsh external environment. Protocells represent a critical step in the origin of life, bridging the gap between simple chemistry and organized, self-replicating systems.

Transition from Simple Molecules to Protocells

Early humans using tools

Homo habilis used simple stone tools made from chipped pebbles and flakes of stone. They’re often called Oldowan tools because the first such artefacts came from Olduvai Gorge.

Cosmic Microwave Background

The Cosmic Microwave Background is the cooled remnant of the first light that could ever travel freely throughout the Universe. It is leftover radiation from the Big Bang.

Solar nebula

About 4.6 billion years ago a cloud of stellar dust collapsed on itself,creating a disk of material known as the Solar Nebula. Initiating the creation of our solar system.

Terrestrial planets

This planetesimals collided witch each other, creating bigger and bigger objects that eventually turned into planets and dwarf planets. This kind of planets formed near the Sun because icy and gaseous planets can't survive near the heat of the Sun.

Elements and nuclei

Nucleosynthesis is the creation of new atomic nuclei, the centers of atoms that are made up of protons and neutrons. After the universe cooled slightly, the neutrons fused with protons to make nuclei of deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen, which then combined to make helium. These elements proceeded to create the first stars.

Creation of the First Oceans

As the Earth's surface cooled, water vapor in the atmosphere condensed to form liquid water, resulting in the first oceans. These oceans served as a cradle for chemical reactions that eventually led to the emergence of life. The water acted as a solvent, allowing organic molecules to interact and combine. Hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor may have provided the heat and energy needed for these early reactions.

Quarks and Electrons

As the universe cooled, conditions became just right to give rise to the building blocks of matter: quarks and electrons. These started to then quarks slowly aggregated to produce protons and neutrons, which combined to produce nuclei, and so on.

Basic organic molecules, such as amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids, began forming from simpler chemical compounds. This process was likely facilitated by conditions on early Earth, including volcanic activity, lightning, and the presence of water. Experiments, such as the Miller-Urey experiment, suggest that such molecules could form in a "primordial soup."

Formation of basic organic molecules

The new atmosphere allowed heat from the sun to be trapped forming life and ecosystems as we know it.

The beginning

With condensation, the Earth formed the atmosphere, but it lacked oxygen and was full of volcanic gasses, CO2 nitrogen and vapor.

The high volcanic activity Earth had made it full of gasses that when cooled off formed condensation and the oceans and rivers began forming.

Modern Earth

The formation of Earth made it be highly hot and lifeless, with time it cooled off allowing it to sustain life as we know it now.

First appearance in africa

Sahelanthropus tchadensis is one of the oldest known species in the human family tree. This species lived sometime between 7 and 6 million years ago in West-Central Africa (Chad)

Planetesimals

This leftover material create new objects called planetesimals , wich form when clumps of interstellar matter in the solar nebula clump together. They are like the building blocks of planets.

Starting to walk in two legs

Fossils from around this time period come from early human species that lived near open areas and dense woods. Their bodies had evolved in ways that enabled them to walk upright most of the time, but still climb trees

First stars to ever be created

Formed only a few hundred million years after the big bang, they heated and ionized the pristine intergalactic medium, and their supernova explosions enriched the primordial gas with the first heavy elements, thus altering in a fundamental way the chemical and thermal state of the gas from which the first galaxies then formed, in turn triggering the first self-sustaining cycle of star formation, feedback, and chemical enrichment.

Expansion of the Universe

The universe was born with the Big Bang as an extremely hot, dense point. bursting, it experienced an incredible burst of expansion known as inflation, in which space itself expanded faster than the speed of light. During this period, the universe doubled in size at least 90 times, going from subatomic-sized to golf-ball-sized almost instantaneously.

Modern humans

All people living today belong to the species Homo sapiens. We evolved only relatively recently but with complex culture and technology have been able to spread throughout the world and occupy a range of different environments.

This heat led to the planet's differentiation into layers (core, mantle, crust).

Formation of Earth

Earth's early history was marked by intense heat, caused by the energy from collisions, radioactive decay, and gravitational compression.

Gas Giants

Gas and icy stuff collected far away from the Sun. This eventually lead to the creation of gas giants and ice giants.

Formation of Single-Celled Organisms

The first true living organisms, likely resembling modern bacteria, appeared around 3.8 billion years ago. These single-celled organisms had the ability to grow, reproduce, and respond to their environment. They were likely anaerobic (did not require oxygen) and relied on chemical energy from their surroundings, as the Earth's atmosphere at the time was low in oxygen. Their emergence marked the beginning of biological evolution.

Photosynthesis and the Release of Oxygen

Some of the first microorganisms, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), developed the ability to perform photosynthesis, using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce energy. A byproduct of this process was oxygen, which began accumulating in the atmosphere. This event, known as the Great Oxygenation Event (though it took hundreds of millions of years to fully manifest), drastically changed Earth's environment, paving the way for more complex life forms by enabling aerobic respiration.

The moon formed over a few hundred million years of the impact. Has orbited the Earth since.

A cellestial body collapsed with Earth splitting many debris around Earth. Through the years, the debris started gradually coalescing through a process known as accretion.

Formation of moon