Mapa Mental esquema Vertical

THE PRESENT PERFECT

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Alba P. Rodrigo C. Rodrigo F. y Laura

Form

Typical rephrasings or rewritings

Differences with the past simple.

Uses

Time expressions and adverbs

Present Perfect vs Past Simple

We use the past simple for the completed actions which took place at a specific time in the past and for actions which took place during a completed period of time in the past. We use the present perfect simple for events that took place at unspecified time in the past and events that started in the past and continue now

Time expressions (Present perfect)

We use the present perfect simple with today, tonight, this morning / afternoon / evening / month / year, etc. when these periods have not finished at the time of speaking. I haven't been able to answer my emails today. I have had to help my parents. Ihaen't sen my dad this week - He's working abroad!

Form of the present perfect: affirmative, interrogative and negative.

The present perfect simple is formed with have/has + the past participle form of the main verb. Regular verbs generally form their past participles by adding -d, -ed, -ied.However, many of the verbs we use most frequently are irregular and have irregular participles.

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Examples:

5.1 I played this game last week and I played it again today. - This is the second time I have played this game. I ate pizza on monday and i ate it again tonight.- This is the second time I have eaten pizza. 5.2 It's ages since we talked.- We haven't talked for ages. It's a long time since I saw my friend.- I haven't seen my friend for a long time. 5.3 5.4: The last time I met him, he was perfect- 5.5: I have never seen more a beautiful goal in my life. It is the most beautiful goal I have ever seen

USE OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

1- To relate the past with the present:Lauren's gone out. (she isn't ay home now)2-To talk about events that took place at an unspecified time in the past:Have you ever changed a nappy?3- To give new information or to announce a recent event:Ouch! A mosquito has bitten me.4-When we are talking about the fist, second, ect. Time something has hapenned:It's the second time you have told me that.

Adverbs (Present perfect)

- We can use the adverbs ever, already, never and just with the present perfect and the past perfect. They go before the main verb. - We only use yet with present perfect questions and negative statements. It gos at the end of the sentence. If we say yet, we are expecting something to happen.