Rape as a tactic of war

Current political issues

Rape as a tactic of war : geopolitical stakes, international responsibility and judicial responses

Summary

rape as a tactic of war

Introduction

1. Strategic Objectives of Rape in Conflict

2. Case Studies

3. International Law and the Limits of Justice

Conclusion

Strategic Objectives of Rape in Conflict

How does it works ?

"Sexual violence is often ordered, tolerated, or strategically deployed." Elisabeth Jean Wood

- Terror and humiliation- Ethnic cleansing and forced pregnancies - Forced displacement - Weapon of domination and psychological warfare

Case Studies

1. Rwanda – Genocide of 1994 2. Yugoslavia – Bosnian War (1992–1995) 3. Democratic Republic of Congo (1998–present) 4. Ukraine (2022–present) 5. Palestine, Lebanon, Yemen 6. Afghanistan

International Law and the Limits of Justice

- A war crime (Geneva Conventions) - A crime against humanity (Rome Statute of the ICC) - A means of genocide

- Stigma - Weak infrastructures - Political interests - Courts are too slow

Conclusion and sources

- UN Women: https://www.unwomen.org/.../EVAWkit_06_Factsheet_ConflictAndPostConflict_en.pdf - EEAS: https://www.eeas.europa.eu/.../sexual-violence-most-despicable-weapon-conflicts_en - UN Protocol: https://www.un.org/.../International_Protocol_2017_2nd_Edition.pdf