SDGs Guide

6

Clean Waterand Sanitation

DI STEFANO ALESSIA 5B LSA ANNO SCOLASTICO 2024\25

This is the six goal in the united nations' agenda 2030, this goal focus on ensuring that everyone in the world has access to safe drinking water, these are essential for health, dignity and development.

DRINKING WATER

IIn 2020, 74% of the global population had access to safely managed drinking water. This means one in four people still lack access. Progress is slow-current rates suggest only 82% will have access by 2030 mising the universal target.

In 2020, 54% of the world had safely managed sanitation. This leaves nearly half of the population without safe facilities, and 6% of people still practice open defecation.

Sanitation

Hygiene

About 71% had access to basic handwashing facilities, but 29% lacked soap and water .

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Italy’s Situation:

Italy has universal access to clean drinking water and sanitation for nearly 100% of its population. However, water wastage and pollution from agriculture and industry are significant concerns. • Italy uses about 9.2 billion cubic meters of freshwater yearly, with a high per capita consumption compared to global averages.

Key Challenges:

In many developing countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, progress is very slow due to poverty, lack of infrastructure, and climate challenges. • Water pollution and untreated wastewater remain major issues. Around 42% of household wastewater globally is not treated .

One country facing severe challenges in clean water and sanitation is Haiti, where a significant portion of the population lacks access to these essential resources. Around 9 million people in Haiti do not have reliable access to clean drinking water, and the country’s sanitation infrastructure is among the least developed globally. This situation has been exacerbated by natural disasters like the 2010 earthquake, which destroyed much of Port-au-Prince’s water systems, and ongoing political instability.

Key Facts and Figures: 1. Clean Water Access: Only a small percentage of Haitians have consistent access to safe drinking water. The water sources that are available are often contaminated, leading to outbreaks of diseases such as cholera. 2. Sanitation: The country also struggles with inadequate sanitation facilities, with the majority of waste not being properly treated, posing significant health risks . 3. Health Impacts: Lack of clean water and proper sanitation contributes to high rates of diarrheal diseases, particularly affecting children under five, and increases mortality rates .

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contrasts with Italy

In contrast, Italy has universal access to clean drinking water and well-developed sanitation infrastructure. The Italian water supply system is supported by advanced purification and treatment facilities, ensuring high water quality and widespread coverage. This stark disparity highlights the challenges faced by less developed nations like Haiti in meeting basic water and sanitation needs.

Link to Agenda 2030:

Haiti’s situation underscores the urgency of SDG 6, which aims to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all by 2030. However, significant investments and international collaboration are required to make progress in countries like Haiti. Global water sector investments need to increase sixfold to meet the SDG targets . Efforts like those by the Andrea Bocelli Foundation, which delivers drinking water to underserved areas in Haiti, showcase how targeted projects can make a difference. Yet, large-scale infrastructure development remains critical to long-term solutions.