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Transcript

Start

Piers Ludlow, "From deadlock dynamism: The EC in the 1990s and the Treaty of Maastricht"

The irresistible rise of belief in treaty change

The desirability of tidying up informal change

The need for institutional innovation

Policy spill-over

Could the EU pursue more agile, "intra-treaty" solutions to respond to these issues without resorting to another major treaty overhaul?

Can Europe adapt and respond to new challenges without resorting to major treaty changes?

ISSUES

The irrestible rise of belief in treaty change

1986 : Single European Act1991 : Maastricht Treaty 2007 : Lisbon Treaty

The desirability of tyding up informal change

“the intra-European politics of 1989-91 were crucial in determining the exact shape and timing of the Treaty, and such politics could not but be influenced by the end of the Cold War and the transformation of Germany” Informal changes : - Growth of Council power, - Emergence of the European Council as the Community’s most senior decision making body, - Direct election of the European Parliament

The need for institutional innovation:

During the 80s, the cooperation between member states intensified → desire to deepen integration. The institutions in place (Council of Ministers and the European Commission) were perceived as inadequate to manage more complex common policies. Member states’ goal: more integrated and democratic Europe Single European Act (SEA) of 1986 Good example of this effective institutional innovation: the Delors Commission

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Thanks for your attention

CRITICS

- These reforms risked weakening national sovereignty by transferring more powers to Community institutions- Innovations could drive a wedge between the more enthusiastic member states and those more reluctant to accelerate integration.