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WIKIPEDIA
WIKIPEDIA'S INCOME: IS THE WEBSITE BIASED BY ITS SOURCES OF INCOME?
How reliable Wikipedia really is?
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Wikipedia's history: creation and evolution
An encyclopedia written by everyone: influence on its reliability?
Wikipedia's funding: is the website biased by its sources of income?
What do experts have to say about Wikipedia's reliability?
WIKIPEDIA'S HISTORY
CREATION AND EVOLUTION
THE INVENTORS
"Imagine a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge. That's what we're doing."
JIMMY WALES
LARRY SANGER
FIRST STEP : NUPEDIA, an online encyclopedia written by experts
CRash OF NUPEDIA
CREATION OF NUPEDIA
TODAY
2003
2000
2024
2001
2007
THRIVE OF WIKIPEDIA
CREATION OF WIKIPEDIA
2024
WIKIPEDIA TODAY
TOP 10
+500 M
+6,9 M
OF THE MOST VISITED WEBSITES
VISITORS A MONTH
ARTICLES
33rd in 2007
2024
NEVERTHELESS, DOUBTS REMAIN
How reliable wikipedia really is?
AN ENCYCLOPEDIA WRITTEN BY EVERYONE: INFLUENCE ON ITS RELIABILITY?
EVERYONE
CAN CONTRIBUTE
Everyone can create or modify an article anonymously...
...by editing on visual mode or source mode
Wikipedia insiders VS Wikipedia outsiders
EDITING AN ARTICLE
Visual Editor
Source Editor
Wikicode
10
BUT IS EVERYONE TRUSTWORTHY?
SOURCES
VS
QUESTIONABLE SOURCES
RELIABLE SOURCES
- academic and peer-reviewed publications- news coverage- university textbooks
- sponsored content- self-published content - personal blogs - tweets
11
WHAT IS DONE TO ENSURE WIKIPEDIA'S RELIABILITY?
Wikipedia bots
Wikipedia insiders
VANDALISM
12
WIKIPEDIA'S FUNDING: IS THE WEBSITE BIASED BY ITS SOURCES OF INCOME?
13
Wiktionnary
Wikipedia
WIKIMEDIA FOUNDATION
Wikiquote
Non-profit organisation 2003
and others...
14
WhAT DOES THE FOUNDATION NEED THE money FOR?
EMPLOYEES' SALARIES
COMPUTING POWER
≈ 15M a year
≈ $10M a year
15
the wikimedia foundation's SOURCES OF INCOME
MERCHANDISING
WIKIMEDIA Enterprise
INVESTMENTS
DONATIONS
16
How this profit can have an impact on wikipedia's reliability
ASSOCIATIONS AND FOUNDATIONS
PERSONALITIES
wikimedia DONors
BIG COMPANIES
18
bias ?
How this profit can have an impact on wikipedia's reliability
WIKIMEDIA ENTERPRISE
CLIENTS' ADVANTAGES?
FOR-PROFIT FOUNDATION?
The foundation promised there wouldn't be any sort of editorial control granted to its clients
All the benefits are to be re-invested in other projects
19
WHAT DO EXPERTS HAVE TO SAY ABOUT WIKIPEDIA'S RELIABILITY?
JOURNALISTS' AND SCIENTISTS' OPINIONS
20
Journalists' fears
Skeptical early critics
ACCURACY
MOTIVES
true?
contributor's agenda ?
SOURCES
independent sources?
21
STUDIES' INSIGHTS
- Sources
- Accuracy
- better source than books on certain topics (e.g. depression and schizophrenia)
- compare with traditional encyclopedias - far better than where users would go if it did not exist
Don Fallis
N. J. Reavley & all
Toward an epistemiology of Wikipedia
Quality of information sources about mental disorders: a comparison of Wikipedia with centrally controlled web and printed sources
22
STUDIES' INSIGHTS
- Motives: a bias problem
<15% of conntributors are women
- political bias: more Democratic then traditional encyclopedias
- gender bias: omission of famous women (well studied)
- ethnicity bias: omission of Black and Indigenous figures (less studied)
Shane Greenstein & Feng Zhu
Benjamin Collier & Julia Bear
Michael Mandiberg
Do Experts or Crowd-Based Models Produce More Bias? Evidence from Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia
Wikipedia's Race and Ethnicity Gap and the Unverifiability of Whitenes s
Conflict, criticism, or confidence: an empirical examination of the gender gap in wikipedia contributions
23
AGAINST FAKE NEWS
WHO/Wikipedia collaboration during the Covid pandemic
24
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
- Strangely enough, wikipedia is fairly accurate and can be a good source
- However, biases remain
- It ended up reaching its goal : to give everyone free access to knowledge
25
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
26
How this profit can have an impact on wikipedia's transparency, and then, reliability
DONATIONS :
Are they really that rare and needed?
Wikipedia donations campaign
$49 M
$10 M
won in 2013 by donations only
needed in 2013
Lack of transparency which leads to a lack of trust
17
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