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WIKIPEDIA'S INCOME: IS THE WEBSITE BIASED BY ITS SOURCES OF INCOME?
WIKIPEDIA
How reliable Wikipedia really is?
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Wikipedia's history: creation and evolution
An encyclopedia written by everyone: influence on its reliability?
Wikipedia's funding: is the website biased by its sources of income?
What do experts have to say about Wikipedia's reliability?
WIKIPEDIA'S HISTORY
CREATION AND EVOLUTION
FIRST STEP : NUPEDIA, an online encyclopedia written by experts
JIMMY WALES
THE INVENTORS
LARRY SANGER
"Imagine a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge. That's what we're doing."
TODAY
2024
THRIVE OF WIKIPEDIA
CRash OF NUPEDIA
2007
CREATION OF WIKIPEDIA
2000
CREATION OF NUPEDIA
2001
2003
TOP 10
OF THE MOST VISITED WEBSITES
33rd in 2007
2024
WIKIPEDIA TODAY
+6,9 M
ARTICLES
+500 M
VISITORS A MONTH
How reliable wikipedia really is?
2024
NEVERTHELESS, DOUBTS REMAIN
AN ENCYCLOPEDIA WRITTEN BY EVERYONE: INFLUENCE ON ITS RELIABILITY?
...by editing on visual mode or source mode
Wikipedia insiders VS Wikipedia outsiders
EVERYONE
CAN CONTRIBUTE
Everyone can create or modify an article anonymously...
Visual Editor
10
Wikicode
Source Editor
EDITING AN ARTICLE
BUT IS EVERYONE TRUSTWORTHY?
- sponsored content- self-published content - personal blogs - tweets
- academic and peer-reviewed publications- news coverage- university textbooks
VS
RELIABLE SOURCES
11
SOURCES
QUESTIONABLE SOURCES
WHAT IS DONE TO ENSURE WIKIPEDIA'S RELIABILITY?
Wikipedia insiders
12
VANDALISM
Wikipedia bots
13
WIKIPEDIA'S FUNDING: IS THE WEBSITE BIASED BY ITS SOURCES OF INCOME?
Non-profit organisation 2003
and others...
14
Wikiquote
Wiktionnary
Wikipedia
WIKIMEDIA FOUNDATION
15
≈ 15M a year
≈ $10M a year
EMPLOYEES' SALARIES
COMPUTING POWER
WhAT DOES THE FOUNDATION NEED THE money FOR?
16
MERCHANDISING
WIKIMEDIA Enterprise
INVESTMENTS
DONATIONS
the wikimedia foundation's SOURCES OF INCOME
bias ?
wikimedia DONors
BIG COMPANIES
PERSONALITIES
ASSOCIATIONS AND FOUNDATIONS
How this profit can have an impact on wikipedia's reliability
18
All the benefits are to be re-invested in other projects
FOR-PROFIT FOUNDATION?
The foundation promised there wouldn't be any sort of editorial control granted to its clients
CLIENTS' ADVANTAGES?
WIKIMEDIA ENTERPRISE
How this profit can have an impact on wikipedia's reliability
19
20
WHAT DO EXPERTS HAVE TO SAY ABOUT WIKIPEDIA'S RELIABILITY?
JOURNALISTS' AND SCIENTISTS' OPINIONS
21
MOTIVES
ACCURACY
true?
contributor's agenda ?
independent sources?
SOURCES
Journalists' fears
Skeptical early critics
22
N. J. Reavley & all
Quality of information sources about mental disorders: a comparison of Wikipedia with centrally controlled web and printed sources
- better source than books on certain topics (e.g. depression and schizophrenia)
Don Fallis
Toward an epistemiology of Wikipedia
- compare with traditional encyclopedias - far better than where users would go if it did not exist
- Accuracy
- Sources
STUDIES' INSIGHTS
23
Benjamin Collier & Julia Bear
Conflict, criticism, or confidence: an empirical examination of the gender gap in wikipedia contributions
Shane Greenstein & Feng Zhu
Do Experts or Crowd-Based Models Produce More Bias? Evidence from Encyclopedia Britannica and Wikipedia
- ethnicity bias: omission of Black and Indigenous figures (less studied)
<15% of conntributors are women
- gender bias: omission of famous women (well studied)
- political bias: more Democratic then traditional encyclopedias
- Motives: a bias problem
Wikipedia's Race and Ethnicity Gap and the Unverifiability of Whitenes s
Michael Mandiberg
STUDIES' INSIGHTS
24
WHO/Wikipedia collaboration during the Covid pandemic
AGAINST FAKE NEWS
- Strangely enough, wikipedia is fairly accurate and can be a good source
- However, biases remain
- It ended up reaching its goal : to give everyone free access to knowledge
25
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
26
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
Lack of transparency which leads to a lack of trust
won in 2013 by donations only
needed in 2013
$10 M
$49 M
Are they really that rare and needed?
DONATIONS :
How this profit can have an impact on wikipedia's transparency, and then, reliability
17
Wikipedia donations campaign
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