ORDER FROM DISORDER

Towards disruption: Charles I

• son of James I
• fond of art
• married to Henrietta Maria - Catholic
• believed in the Divine right of Kings

Parliament

Disruption: Charles I and Parliament

Divine right of Kings

• ruled mostly without Parliament
• summoned for money - dismissed
• entered the House of Commons

Charles:

Petition of rights, 1628

Long Parliament

Civil War, 1642

Disorder: Civil war, 1642 ...

Parlamentarians/Roundheads

Royalists/Cavaliers

• two opposite sides:
• Charles I defeated and executed
• Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector England Republic, Commonwealth
• Cromwell's son appointed
• discontent

Charles II

... and Order: Restoration of the monarchy, 1660

Individualism, intellectual spirtual crisis and rebellion

The Restoration

William and Mary of Orange

Court of pleasure

James IIfear of Catholic ruler

The great fire of London, Samuel Pepys' Diary

Bubonic plague

Bill of rights, 1689

Queen Anne

Commonwealth

philosophycal or real partnership?

Commonwealth of Nations

Thomas Hobbes

John Locke

The scientific revolution

The enjoyment of the senses

• reorganised the Navy
• resumed Navigation Acts:all English imports in English ships
• defeated the Dutch and Spain:gained Dutch and Caribbean trade routes

Oliver Cromwell

• practical man
• mercantilist policy
• unpopular domestic policy

• raised heavy taxes (war)
• strict reforms on oppressive puritan beliefs
• severe miltary control

Henrietta Maria:

• daughter of the King of France

• Catholic: Protestant England was afraid of the Catholic influence the king could receive from France.

Charles I and Art

• Created one of Europe's greatest art collections
• Patron of painters like Peter Paul Rubens and Sir Anthony Van Dick

Charles I, triple portrait, Van Dyck

Maria de' Medici, portrait, Rubens