Sequência Didática História

English apresentation

Celtics

Work realized by Cassandra Ribeiro and Emanuel Torralvo Class 12A1

Introduction:

Celtics

Today, we’ll be presenting on the Celts, a group of people whose culture and influence shaped much of Europe during the Iron Age. Our presentation will cover various aspects of their lives, such as their diet, clothing, and art. We’ll also look at how modern research has changed our understanding of who the Celts were and how they lived.

Who were the Celts?

Celtics

The Celts were a group of tribes in central Europe that shared similar culture, traditions, beliefs, and language, but they were not united as one people.The Greeks first mentioned the Celts between five hundred forty and four hundred twenty-four BC, calling them Keltoi or Keltai, and the Romans later used names like Celti or Galli. These names came from outsiders, not the Celts themselves. Most of what we know about the Celts comes from Roman writings, but these accounts were written long after the events, so they aren't always fully accurate. Although the Celts were separate tribes, they had many things in common, such as language and traditions. Most of our knowledge comes from Greek and Roman sources.

We don’t really know what the Celts called themselves. The term "Celts" is a modern name used to describe many different tribes from the Iron Age. In ancient times, the people of Britain and Ireland weren’t called Celts in any of the classical texts. Instead, they were usually referred to by the names of their individual tribes or societies. The Celts were a collection of different tribes, so they didn’t see themselves as one united nation or empire.

What did the Celts call themselves?

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Celtics

Where did the Celts come from?

Early records show that the Celts lived in western Europe and also near the headwaters of the Danube River. Their main territories were often located in central and eastern France, extending through southern Germany and into the Czech Republic. In two hundred seventy-nine BC, the Celts are known to have raided Delphi, a sacred site in Greece. The geographer Strabo also wrote about a meeting between the Celts and Alexander the Great in three hundred thirty-five BC in the Balkans. Other classical writers mention a large migration of Celts around four hundred BC. This migration took the Celts from central Europe to places like northern Italy and eastern Europe.

Today, Wales is considered a Celtic nation, and the Welsh Celtic identity plays an important role in modern national pride. However, during the 1st centuries BC and AD, it was the specific tribes and their leaders that were mentioned, rather than a unified Celtic identity. By the time of the Roman invasion of Britain, four main tribes lived in areas that are now part of Wales: -Ordovices (in the north-west) -Deceangli (in the north-east) -Demetae (in the south-west) -Silures (in the south-east)

Welsh Celts

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What did the Celts wear?

Looking again at the recordings by Roman literature, the Celts were described as wearing brightly coloured clothes, with some having used blue dye from the woad plant to paint patterns on their bodies. The Celts wore colorful wool clothes, and later, Scottish tartan. What they wore showed their importance in the tribe. They usually wore a tunic with a belt, a long cloak, and trousers. Their trousers were held up by a clasp called a fibula. Historians say the Celts were some of the first people in Europe to wear trousers. The fibula was used to fasten their trousers.

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What did the Celts eat?

The Celts didn't have supermarkets, so they grew food, farmed animals, and hunted for meat. They ate wild foods like mushrooms, berries, and apples, as well as vegetables like carrots, onions, and leeks. They also ate nuts, grains for bread and porridge, and fruits like blackberries. For meat, they hunted animals like deer, boars, and bears. They also farmed chickens, goats, sheep, pigs, and cattle, and fished for salmon and trout. They ate eggs, insects, and honey too.

Celtic Art and Archaeology

In the 5th century BC, a new style of art appeared, which spread across Europe. Archaeologists once thought this showed a common Celtic culture. British scholars named this art La Tène culture after discovering decorated metalwork in Switzerland. For a long time, it was believed that the spread of this art meant the Celts invaded Europe, including Britain. However, recent studies suggest there’s little evidence of large-scale invasions. Instead, Britain had different societies with their own identities, not one uniform Celtic culture. Now, archaeologists think the art might have spread through trade or fashion, not invasion. Also, later La Tène art is more common in Britain than in Europe. The idea of the Celts is still debated, and future studies may provide more answers.

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WHERE DID THE CELTS LIVE?

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It is believed that the Celts arrived at the shores of Britain at approximately one thousandth BC and lived there during the Iron Age, the Roman Age and the post Roman era. Their legacy continues today where examples of the language, culture and traditions continue to exist.

Influence of the Celts on the English language?

When we speak in traditional English it is common to think of British English. But the English language comes from much earlier and has undergone several modifications, after all, as much as we know Romeo and Juliet, we no longer speak the same English that Shakespeare spoke. The Celts influenced the formation of English, but not much, as the great marks of the Celtic language remained in Scottish and Irish (but don't forget that in Ireland and Scotland the most spoken language is English with its characteristic accents).

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Influence of the Celts on the English language?

The Celts wore colorful wool clothes, and later, Scottish tartan. What they wore showed their importance in the tribe. They usually wore a tunic with a belt, a long cloak, and trousers. Their trousers were held up by a clasp called a *fibula*. Historians say the Celts were some of the first people in Europe to wear trousers. The *fibula* was used to fasten their trousers.

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Origins of Celtic languages

The origins of Celtic languages are unclear, but they likely came from an ancient language called *proto-Indo-European*, spreading through Europe between six thousand and two thousand BC. The first Celtic writings date back to the 6th century BC in Northern Italy. In the 16th century, George Buchanan suggested that ancient Europeans spoke related languages, called Gallic. He thought people from Britain came from France and Spain because Welsh, Irish, and Scots Gaelic are similar to these old languages. In one thousand seven hundred seven, Edward Lhuyd split Celtic languages into two groups: **P-Celtic** (Welsh, Breton, Cornish) and **Q-Celtic** (Irish, Scots Gaelic, Manx). He believed Brythonic (P-Celtic) came from France and Goidelic (Q-Celtic) from Spain.

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Celtic Languages

By the 18th century, people who spoke these languages were called Celts, so the people of Wales were seen as Celts. ### Celtic Languages Today **Welsh** (Cymraeg) is still spoken in Wales. A few people in Cornwall speak **Cornish**, which is like Welsh. In Scotland, **Scots Gaelic** is still spoken, though fewer people use it. The famous **bagpipes** also have Celtic origins.

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End!

Thanks for your attention and see you next time!