ENGLISH II. U28

TECHNOLOGY IN ENTERTAINMENT

Connecting Information with Prepositions and Transitions

UNIT 28

CONTENTS

Connecting Information with Prepositions and Transitions

Connecting Information with Transition Words

Connecting Information with Prepositions and Transitions

Using Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases to Connect Ideas

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02

One-word prepositions

Prepositional phrases

One-word prepositions, such as besides and despite, and multi-word prepositions, such as as well as, because of, in addition to, and in spite of, are followed by nouns, noun phrases, or gerunds.

Prepositional phrases, like adverb clauses, can come before or after the main clause. Use a comma when the prepositional phrase comes first.

Meanings of Prepositions Used to Connect Ideas

To show contrasting ideas

To emphasize another idea

To give reasons

To give alternatives

To give exceptions

as a result of because of due to

instead of

except except for *Negative main clause= use besides (except for)

despite in spite of

as well as besides in addition to

Connecting Information with Transition Words

Transition words are words or phrases that connect ideas between sentences. They are frequently used in academic writing and formal situations.

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Using Transition Words

Different position, different punctuation

To join the ideas in two sentences

Short transition words: so, then, also

at the beginning of the second sentence = followed by a comma. You can also use a semicolon between the two sentences that you combine. Many - but not all - in the middle of the sentence or at the end. When the transition word comes at the end, it is preceded by a comma.

Coordinating conjunctions (but, etc.), subordinators (although, etc.), and prepositions (in spite of, etc.) combine two different sentences into one new sentence.

often without a comma So - at the beginning of a sentence - in informal writing More formal transition words with the same meanings in academic writing; afterward, in addition, therefore.

Meanings of Transition Words

01

03

02

04

To show a sequence or the order of events or ideas

To summarize ideas

To give additional information

To give alternatives

first, second, then, next, after that, and finally.

in conclusion, to conclude, and to summarize

also, furthermore, in addition, and moreover

instead

Meanings of Transition Words

05

07

06

To give contrasting ideas

To give a result

To give examples

use as a result consequently therefore thus

use for example for instance

on the other hand in contrast

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Data from the Real World The most common transition words in writing are: • however, so, then, therefore, thus The most common transition words in conversation are: • anyway, so, then, though

Example: Video games usually use athletes instead of actors. Instead of actors, video games usually use athletes.

Example: Besides being very expensive, animated movies can take a long time to produce. Some animated movies are also popular with adults in spite of their appeal to kids.

• The story was not very original. On the other hand, the animation was impressive.

• In conclusion, technological innovations will change many fields, including animation.

• Many animated movies are very popular. For example, Kung Fu Panda and Shrek were huge box office hits.

• I had expected the movie to be boring. Instead, I thought it was quite entertaining.

• This composer wrote the music for all the Alien Adventures movies except the first one. • Except for their parents, the audience was mostly children. • Besides the parents of the children, there weren't any adults in the audience.

Most transition words occur at the beginning of the second sentence and are followed by a comma. You can also use a semicolon between the two sentences that you combine. • The studio executives choose a script. After that, they select a director. • She is a very talented artist; moreover, her use of color is exceptional. Many - but not all - transition words can go in the middle of the sentence or at the end. When the transition word comes at the end, it is preceded by a comma. • Most people, however, associate animation with movies. • Most people associate animation with movies, however.

• Despite being made for children, this movie is enjoyed by adults. • In spite of its short length, the movie was very powerful.

• How do animators capture an athlete's movement? First, the athlete puts on a special suit. Then, the athlete performs the action. Next, the computer collects digital information.

Transition words join the ideas in two sentences. • Movie stars often do the voices in animated movies. However, their fans don’t always recognize them. Coordinating conjunctions (but, etc.), subordinators (although, etc.), and prepositions (in spite of, etc.) combine two different sentences into one new sentence. • Music in movies is very important for setting the tone, but most people don’t pay attention to it. • Although animated movies sometimes win the best picture award, they also have their own category. • In spite of having a lot of famous actors, the movie did not get very good reviews.

It's important not to judge a movie's quality by whether it is animated or not. Furthermore, you should not assume that a movie with human actors is superior to an animated movie.

• Animation is used in movies, video games, and other entertainment industries. In addition, it is used in sports medicine.

• I enjoy animated movies as well as live-action movies. • This TV has 3D technology in addition to high definition. } • Besides being a talented director, he is an excellent actor.

• The game was designed with animation. Therefore, the characters were very lifelike.

• Because of the high cost of tickets, many people don't go to the movies. • As a result of voters' opinions, the director was nominated for an Academy Award. • The movie's appeal is due to its special effects.

• Let's see a drama instead of a comedy. • Instead of going out, they watched TV at home.

The short transition words so, then, and also are often used without a comma. So is used at the beginning of a sentence only in informal writing. • My daughter enjoys animated movies a lot. So we take her to them pretty often. Then she usually wants to stop for a snack on the way home. I am also usually hungry after a long movie. Use more formal transition words with the same meanings in academic writing; afterward, in addition, therefore. • Children often enjoy animated movies. Therefore, their parents often take them to the movies. • Afterward, it is not unusual to stop for something to eat. In addition, parents often buy a book or souvenir connected to the movie for their children.