The-Renaissance-and-Reformation--A-Journey-Through-European-History.pptx

The Renaissance and Reformation: A Journey Through European History

• The Renaissance: A period of European history from the 14th to 17th centuries
• Meaning "rebirth" in French
• Marked by renewed interest in ancient art, literature, and science
• Began in Italy and spread across Europe
• Key features: Humanism, artistic innovations, scientific advancements

What Was the Renaissance?

• Marco Polo: Venetian merchant and explorer
• Cosimo de' Medici: Powerful banker and patron of the arts
• Dante Alighieri: Italian poet, author of "The Divine Comedy"
• Petrarch: Italian scholar and poet, "Father of Humanism"
• Niccolò Machiavelli: Italian diplomat and author of "The Prince"
• Michelangelo: Italian sculptor, painter, and architect
• Leonardo da Vinci: Italian polymath, painter, and inventor

Key Figures of the Renaissance

• Humanism: Focus on human potential and achievements
• New artistic techniques:
• Perspective: Creating depth in paintings
• Realism: Lifelike representations
• Famous works:
• Michelangelo's David and Sistine Chapel ceiling
• Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa and The Last Supper
• Literature:
• Dante's "Divine Comedy"
• Petrarch's sonnets

Renaissance Achievements: Art and Literature

• Mathematics: Development of algebra and trigonometry
• Astronomy: Copernicus's heliocentric model of the solar system
• Cartography: Improved map-making techniques
• Medicine: Advancements in anatomy and surgical procedures
• Printing Press: Invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1440
• Revolutionized the spread of knowledge

Renaissance Achievements: Science and Technology

• Fall of Constantinople (1453): Scholars fled to Italy with ancient texts
• Growth of wealthy merchant class: Patrons of the arts
• Rediscovery of classical texts: Sparked interest in ancient knowledge
• Weakening of feudal system: Rise of city-states and nationalism
• Increased trade: Exchange of ideas and cultural diffusion

Causes of the Renaissance

• Started in Italy (Florence, Rome, Venice)
• Spread to Northern Europe in the late 15th century
• Reached England, France, Germany, and the Netherlands
• Differences between Italian and Northern Renaissance:
• Italian: Focus on classical learning and the arts
• Northern: More emphasis on religious reform and vernacular literature

The Spread of the Renaissance

• Religious movement in 16th century Europe
• Led to the establishment of Protestant churches
• Key figure: Martin Luther
• Main ideas:
• Salvation through faith alone
• Authority of the Bible over church tradition
• Priesthood of all believers
• Effects: Religious wars, changes in political power, spread of literacy

The Reformation

• Scientific Revolution: New ways of understanding the world
• Age of Exploration: Voyages of discovery
• Rise of nation-states: Centralized governments
• Spread of education: Universities and printing press
• Religious diversity: Multiple Christian denominations
• Cultural legacy: Influence on art, literature, and philosophy

Effects of the Renaissance and Reformation

• What does "Renaissance" mean?
• Name two famous Renaissance artists.
• Who invented the printing press?
• What was the main focus of humanism?
• In which country did the Renaissance begin?
• Who was a key figure in the Reformation?
• What new artistic technique created depth in paintings?
• Name one scientific achievement of the Renaissance.
• How did the printing press impact society?
• What was a major difference between the Italian and Northern Renaissance?

Quiz Time!