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Relative clauses- 2º bachiller

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Transcript

relative clauses

Learning situation 2- unit 2

table of contents

3. Other relative pronouns and words

2. Relative pronouns and adverbs

1. How much do you know?

6. How to join sentences

5. How to use them

4. What are they used for?

9. Practice

8. Relative clauses with prepositions

7. Defining and non-defining clauses

relative clauses

1. How much do you know?
2. Relative pronouns and adverbs

WHEN to refer to TIME

WHO to refer to PEOPLE

WHERE to refer to PLACES

WHICH to refer to THINGS

3. Other relative pronouns and words

WHAT does NOT have an antecedent: what he wants is...

WHICH To refer to a whole idea: she didn’t say goodbye, WHICH was very impolite of her.

THAT- preceded by ALL, EVERYTHING, NOTHING AND SUPERLATIVES: a games console is ALL THAT I need.

4. what are they used for?

What do we use RELATIVE PRONOUNS for?

1. To add necesssary information

3. To connect clauses

2. To add extra information

The student who is looking at you is my cousin.

Sally is a committee member. She finds it difficult to make decisions. (Join them)

Athens, which is in Greece, is my favourite holiday destination.

5. How to use them
They are used AFTER an antecedent, something that was mentioned immediately before. ​

That's the mug which I bought in Paris.

6. How to join sentences (1)

OPTION 1: "STICK THEM" if the antecedent is at the end of the first sentence.

Yesterday I found a wallet. Someone had forgotten it on the bus. ​

2.IDENTIFY that antecedent and CHOOSE the correct pronoun (who, which, where, etc).

1. FIND two words that co-refer (refer to the same thing) in both sentences .

3. JOIN both sentences eliminating the second reference.

Yesterday I found a wallet WHICH someone had forgotten on the bus. ​

6. How to join sentences (2)

OPTION 2: "INTERRUPT" THE FIRST ONE if the antecedent is NOT at the end of the first sentence.

Yesterday Sara took her maths exam. She had been studying hard.

SAME PROCESS: if the antecedent is in the middle of the sentence, interrupt it to add the information in the second one AND ELIMINATE the second reference.

Yesterday Sara, who had been studying hard, took her maths exam. ​

7. DEFINING VS NON-DEFINING CLAUSES

defining

1. You identify the antecedent: ​ The girl who has a hat is my sister​. Which one? The one who has a hat. 2. Necessary information 3. You can use THAT 4. You can omit the pronoun IF THE VERB in the relative clause HAS ANOTHER SUBJECT.​ The girl (who) you saw is my cousin.

non-defining

1. You can eliminate the relative clause and it still makes sense: ​ Ana, (who has a hat) is my sister. 2. Extra information 3. You CAN’T use THAT 4. you CAN’T omit the pronoun

8. Relative clauses with prepositions

Have a look at these two sentences. Join them. ​

This is the equipment. I have competed with it.

OPTION 1: THIS IS THE EQUIPMENT WITH WHICH I HAVE COMPETED.

OPTION 2: THIS IS THE EQUIPMENT WHICH I HAVE COMPETED WITH.

FORMAL REGISTER preposition + relative

INFORMAL REGISTER relative joining sentences- preposition left at the end

9. practice

"THAT" Which of the previous relative pronouns can be substituted by "THAT"?