La stigmatisation des troubles mentaux

La stigmatisation des troubles mentaux

Cadre théorique

01-

Hypothèse théorique

02-

Procédure de recueil de données

03-

Questionnaire

04-

Résultats

05-

Conclusion / discussion

06-

Bibliographie

07-

ANDRIEU.J, LOURDELET.A, GRATCHOFF.L, MERCIER.C, BLANC.L

Cadre théorique

Avez-vous déjà reçu des remarques lorsque vous avez mentionné vos études en psychologie ?

Nous oui ! Quelques exemples : "Tu vas travailler avec les fous"; "Mais t'as pas peur ? " ou encore "Tu pourras soigner mon collègue..."

Trouble mental

Stigmatisation

Auto-stigmatisation

Cadre théorique

Contexte

Origine du stigma

Rôle des acteurs

• Les troubles mentaux sont parmi les plus stigmatisés.

• 1/8 de la population touchée en 2019.

• Phénomène universel lié aux préjugés

• Dangerosité perçue.

• Incapacité à suivre les règles sociales.

• Médias : Amplifient et répandent le stigma.

• Proches : Cachent par honte.

• Patients : Auto-stigmatisation.

Hypothèses théoriques

HT1

• La stigmatisation des troubles mentaux sera plus importante pour les personnes âgées plutôt que pour les jeunes

• La stigmatisation des troubles mentaux sera plus élevé si la personne n’a pas été en contact avec une personne atteinte de troubles mentaux plutôt que si la personne a été en contact.

HT2

• La stigmatisation des troubles mentaux sera plus élevé pour les personnes âgées plutôt que jeunes. Cet effet sera d'autant plus important si la personne n’a pas été en contact avec une personne atteinte de troubles mentaux, plutôt que si la personne a été en contact avec une personne atteinte de troubles mentaux.

HT3

Procédure de recueil des données

Lieu

Période

Méthode de diffusion

• Effet boule de neige : Partage progressif.
• Utilisation des réseaux sociaux et du cercle familial pour maximiser la participation.

• Questionnaire diffusé en ligne

• Disponible sur une période définie (du 18 octobre au 03 novembre)

Questionnaire

Echantillon

• 354 participants, échantillonnage aléatoire simple, toutes tranches d'âge divisée en 5 groupes.

Structure

Questions spécifiques

• QCM sur la perception des origines des troubles mentaux (4 choix, incluant une option stigmatisante).
• Question ouverte pour associer un mot à "trouble mental".
• Question semi-ouverte sur l’inclusion scolaire des enfants avec troubles mentaux.

• Échelles : Majorité des items au format Likert à 6 points (19 items, dont 15 pour l’analyse et 4 leurres).
• Sources : Items issus d’échelles validées et créations inspirées d’articles scientifiques.

Questionnaire

Conception technique

• Pages séparées : Utilisation de "sauts de page" pour limiter les biais.
• Types de champs :Boutons radio pour réponses uniques.

• Champs texte pour justifications ou réponses ouvertes.
• Case à cocher
• Dernière page : Questions sur le contact et l’âge (variables indépendantes).

Nos résultats

Hypothèse 1 : ne semble pas vérifiée

Hypothèse 2 : ne semble pas vérifiée

Hypothèse 3 : ne semble pas vérifiée

Conclusion

Limites et pistes d'amélioration

Résultats

Analyse

• Questions floues, biais méthodologiques (QCM, échantillon, réponses ouvertes).
• Intégrer le genre, reformuler les questions, réduire les tranches d’âge.
• Étudier l’impact de la gravité perçue des troubles mentaux.

• Scores homogènes de stigmatisation, indépendants de l'âge ou du contact.

• Scores élevés (~2/3 des points possibles) : stigmatisation présente dans la vie quotidienne.

• Aucune différence significative entre groupes d’âge
• Possible effet des campagnes de sensibilisation.
• Le contact avec une personne atteinte semble peu influent, d'autres facteurs à explorer (type de relation).

Bibliographie

• Bichsel, N., & Conus, et P. P. (n.d.). La stigmatisation : un problème fréquent aux conséquences multiples. Revmed.Ch. Retrieved November 19, 2024, from https://www.revmed.ch/view/436968/3748571/RMS_551_478.pdf
• Conséquences de la stigmatisation. (n.d.). Codes06.org. Retrieved November 26, 2024, from https://www.codes06.org/stigmatisation-1/consequences-de-la-stigmatisation
• Clarkin, J., Heywood, C., & Robinson, L. J. (2024). Are younger people more accurate at identifying mental health disorders, recommending help appropriately, and do they show lower mental health stigma than older people? Mental Health & Prevention, 36(200361), 200361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhp.2024.200361
• Frías, V. M., Fortuny, J. R., Guzmán, S., Santamaría, P., Martínez, M., & Pérez, V. (2018). Stigma: The relevance of social contact in mental disorder. Enfermería Clínica (English Edition), 28(2), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enfcle.2017.05.004
• Stacy, K. (2019, June 5). Stigma impacts older adults with mental illness. Anti Stigma Coalition. https://letstalkstigma.org/stigma-impacts-older-adults-with-mental-illness/
• Sartorius, N. (2007). Stigmatized illnesses and health care. Croatian Medical Journal, 48(3), 396–397.$Sow, A., Van Dormael, M., Criel, B., Conde, S., Dewez, M. et De Spiegelaere, M. (2018) . Stigmatisation de la maladie mentale par les étudiants en médecine en Guinée, Conakry. Santé Publique, Vol. 30(2), 253-261. https://doi.org/10.3917/spub.182.0253.

• Golay, P., Martinez, D., Silva, B., Morandi, S., & Bonsack, C. (2022). Validation psychométrique d’une échelle française d’auto-stigmatisation auprès d’un échantillon de patients souffrant de troubles mentaux : la Self-Stigma Scale-Short (SSS-S). Annales medico-psychologiques, 180(9), 899–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amp.2021.09.002
• HIA Guest Blog. (n.d.). Older adults are being overlooked when it comes to mental heath care. Healthinaging.org. Retrieved November 19, 2024, from https://www.healthinaging.org/blog/older-adults-are-being-overlooked-when-it-comes-to-mental-heath-care/
• López, M. (2007) . Moyens de communication, stigmatisation et discrimination en santé mentale : éléments pour une stratégie raisonnable. L'information psychiatrique, Volume 83(10), 793-799. https://doi.org/10.1684/ipe.2007.0257.
• Robb-Dover, K. (2023, May 24). From boomers to gen Z: Understanding mental health views. FHE Health. https://fherehab.com/learning/generational-differences-mental-health
• Rössler, W. (2016). The stigma of mental disorders: A millennia-long history of social exclusion and prejudices. EMBO Reports, 17(9), 1250–1253. https://doi.org/10.15252/embr.201643041
• The stigma of mental illness. (2024, May 31). Mentalhealth.com. https://www.mentalhealth.com/journal/the-stigma-of-mental-illness
• Troubles mentaux. (n.d.). Who.int. Retrieved November 19, 2024, from https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders

Merci de votre écoute !

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