HIV TIMELINE

HIV TIMELINEAbolanle Yekeen

Robert Rayford passes away from a mysterious illness now known to have been HIV

1969

The virus is indicated to have passed from the Carribean to the United states clearing Gaetan Dugas of the tittle of patient zero

Early 1970s

PATIENT ZERO?

A San Francisco sex worker gives birth to the first of 3 children who would later be diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. The mother would die of AIDS-related complications in 1987.

1977

Ken Horne, a San Francisco resident, the first recognized case of HIV/AIDS in the U.S., is reported to The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) with Kaposi sarcoma.

1980

Before the world and the United states recognized HIV/AIDs it was present, people all of the world were dying due to mysterious illnesses that all bare symproms to what we now know as HIV/AIDs

Before 1969

The Emergance of AIDS 1980-1984 Taylor Edmond

The US Ceenter for Diesease Control and prevention reported significant cases of these condions amoung gay men.

1981

Unusual Cases of Pneumonia and rare cases of cancer

The virus was isolated and the first photo was taken identifying what the virus does to the body.

Identification of HIV

Aquired immunodeficency system is severly damaged by the human immunodeficency virus..

1982

Recognition of Aids

The CDC identified that this virus can be spread through all genders.

1983

First Case in Woman

This was orgniall known as the gay plague or gay syndrom causing stigma and diversity in these communities.

1981

Orginally named Gay-Related Immune Deficency

1984

HIV TIMELINE

1990-1999 - Micah

Advanced funding, awareness, and activism

1990

+ Public health responses to AIDS in the 1990s also evolved alongside medical advancements. Increased funding for research, public awareness campaigns, and prevention efforts aimed at reducing stigma and encouraging testing became prominent. Activist groups played a crucial role in advocating for faster access to treatments and the inclusion of marginalized communities in clinical trial

+

FDA approves oral HIV test

1994

+this was the first non-blood HIV test. Making testing much more widespread and accessible

t

HAART therapy

1996

+ the response to AIDS treatment underwent a significant transformation, marked by the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 1996. This new treatment paradigm drastically improved the life expectancy and quality of life for individuals living with HIV/AIDS. Prior to HAART,the prognosis for those infected was dire, with many succumbing to opportunistic infections and complications. The introduction of combination therapies, which targeted multiple stages of the HIV lifecycle, resulted in a dramatic reduction in viral loads and AIDS-related deaths. Studies indicated that these advancements not only improved clinical outcomes but also contributed to a greater societal acceptance of those living with the virus (

HIV TIMELINE

1985-1989 "A Gay Man's Crisis" - McKenna Wolf

AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power — or ACT UP activism group forms

1985

Reagan gives his first speech about AIDS

May 31, 1987

May 1, 1986

The FDA allows the first human test of a candidate vaccine against HIV.

August 18, 1987

FDA approves AZT, the first medication

March 19, 1987

The first national AIDS Awareness Month

October 1, 1987

May 26, 1988

The Surgeon General releases the nation's first coordinated HIV/AIDS education strategy

November 4, 1988

Health Omnibus Programs Extension (HOPE) Act

2000-2010 Ikechuwu nwosu

2000

High Infection Rates Among Vulnerable Population

In 2009, President Barack Obama announced the repeal of the long-standing travel ban on people living with HIV. This change removed a significant barrier to international travel and migration for PLHIV and was a symbolic step toward reducing the stigma surrounding the virus.

2009

Lifting the HIV Travel Ban:

2006

Political and Policy Milestones

The National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS), released in 2010, was the first comprehensive federal plan to address the domestic HIV epidemic. It specifically targeted reducing HIV-related health disparities and focused on at-risk populations, including Black and Latinx communities, MSM, and transgender

2010

Increased Focus on Minority Health:

By the early 2000s, HIV was increasingly concentrated in specific demographic groups. Black Americans, who represented around 13% of the U.S. population, accounted for nearly half of new HIV infections. Rates of infection remained high among men who have sex with men (MSM) and people in rural and Southern states

In 2006, the CDC revised its guidelines to recommend routine HIV testing for all individuals aged 13 to 64 in healthcare settings, helping to identify more undiagnosed cases. The passage of the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) by the U.S. government in the early 2000s also helped shape global and domestic responses to HIV/AIDS

HIV TIMELINE

2010-Now Sophia

A global study showed that people living with HIV are twice as likely as HIV negative people to suffer from heart disease

Global study

2018

FDA updates its blood donor eligibility guidance ending the discrimination of not letting gay or bisexual individuals from donating blood

Blood donors

2023

Scientists from the NIH developed a new tool to measure the success of HIV cure strategies. The tool counts the cells that make up the HIV reservoir

NIH

2019

o

FDA approves of the first long acting injectable form of HIV pre-exposure for use in adults and adolescents

2021

HIV TIMELINE

2010-Now Sophia

The CDC conducted a clinical trial that showed a daily oral dose of antiretroviral drugs that are used to treat HIV can also prevent other infections in people with HIV that are given through heterosexual sex

Clinical trial

2011

The FDA announced that it would lift its ban on blood donations by men who have sex with men and allowed them to donate blood if they had not had sexual contact with another man in the last year

blood donations

2015

The FDA approved of the drug Truvada which is for adults who have not been diagnosed with HIV but are at risk for the infection. The FDA also approved of the first at home HIV test .

Aproval of truvada

2012

Researchers found that almost 2,000 patients with HIV were not responding to the drug tenofovir which was a key HIV treatment drug

Tenofovir

2016

President Obama signed the HOPE act which allowed people living with HIV to receive organs from other infected doners. The CDC also announced that only 30% of Americans living with HIV had the virus under control since 2011

hope act

2013

It was reported that America’s black gay and bisexual men have a higher HIV prevalence rate than any nation in the world

2017

References

• Aizenman, N. (2019, February 9). How To Demand A Medical Breakthrough: Lessons From The AIDS Fight. Npr.org. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/02/09/689924838/how-to-demand-a-medical-breakthrough-lessons-from-the-aids-fight
• History Editors. (2024, June 20). AIDS crisis timeline. HISTORY; A&E Television Networks. https://www.history.com/topics/1980s/hiv-aids-crisis-timeline
• Timeline of The HIV and AIDS Epidemic. (n.d.). HIV.gov. https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline#year-2023
• (2021). Apa.org. https://www.apa.org/pi/aids/youth/recent-timeline
• Akpan, N. (2016, October 26). America’s HIV outbreak started in this city, 10 years before anyone noticed. PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/america-hiv-outbreak-origins-nyc-gaetan-dugas
• Burgess, T. (2024, May 15). Say his name: Robert Rayford. AIDS Foundation of Chicago. https://www.aidschicago.org/say-his-name-robert-rayford/
• Johnson, B. D. (2019, April 17). How a typo created a scapegoat for the AIDS epidemic - macleans.ca. Macleans.ca. https://macleans.ca/society/how-a-typo-created-a-scapegoat-for-the-aids-epidemic/
• New York City AIDS Memorial. (2011). HIV/AIDS Timeline. New York City AIDS Memorial. https://www.nycaidsmemorial.org/timeline

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Gaetan Dugas a French Canadian flight attendant was widely and falsely known as patient zero for the HIV/AIDs pandemic in the United States. Originally being patient 57, Dugas was interviewed by a CDC investigator, Bill Darrow, during the interview Dugas was extremely cooperative telling Darrow he had about 750 sexual partners in the last 3 years. This led to Darrow’s article hinting at him being patient zero. While Dugas did not suffer any of the bad press that came with this as he died before it was released it shows how quick the people were to turn on this gay man for being promiscuous, labeling him a sociopath who intentionally spread the virus.

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The International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses officially gives the name Human Immunodeficiency Virus, or HIV, to the virus that causes AIDS (History, 2024).

107 million copies of a pamphlet titled Understanding AIDS were mailed out to as many households as possible -this was the largest public mailing in history (History, 2025).

This launches a massive public education campaign that warns “everyone is at risk.” (History, 2024).

Robert Rayford is allegedly known as the first HIV related death in the United States, not much is known about him before his arrival at the hospital. in early 1968 he arrived at the hospital with sores covering his legs and genitals, tests showed he had a severe chlamydial infection among other things, he eventually stabilised but the next year he was back at the hospital with a very low WBC count and eventually died of pneumoniaRobert’s case did not draw any attention back then and was not really looked at till much later. When bad things happens to minority groups like black people and even gay people especially in the 60s/70s the general American public would not care till it began affecting white people at the same rate. If Robert's death was in fact caused by HIV one wonders just how many people died before the US government started looking into HIV.

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President Reagan signs the first comprehensive federal AIDS bill (HOPE) Act. This established the Office of AIDS Research and authorized federal funds for AIDS prevention, research, and testing (History, 2024)

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The treatment does not cure HIV-AIDS, but can be used to slow its progress and prevent transmission in some instances, such as during birth (History, 2024).

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ACT UP forced the government and the scientists to change the way medical research is conducted, paving the way for the discovery of a treatment that today (Aizenman, 2019).

On June 24, he creates the first Presidential Commission on AIDS (History, 2024).

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