Le circuit nerveux du réflexe myotatique

le réflexe myotatique

Le circuit nerveuxLe réflexe myotatique

Récepteur sensitif

Stimulus

Fibres nerveuses afférentes (voies nerveuses sensorielles)

Centre nerveux

Fibres nerveuses éfférentes (voies nerveuses moteur)

Effecteur

Réponse

LES VOIES NERVEUSES

-> Un nerf est un ensemble de neurones -> Un neurone est une cellule composé d'un corps cellulaire contenant le noyau et de longs prolongements cytoplasmiques appelés dendrites -> Un neurone possède également un axone permettant la transmission de messages chimiques de neurones en neurones via ses terminaisons synaptiques -> Sur son axone se trouvent des grains de mylène qui accélèrent la vitesse et isolent les messages chimiques -> Voie afférente : part du récepteur sensoriel vers le centre nerveux = fibre sensitifve à l'origine d'un message sensitif = part du muscle vers le centre nerveux le plus proche -> Le système nerveux va ensuite intégrer le message chimique et le convertir en message nerveux moteur -> Voie efférente : part du système nerveux vers les muscles et les fibres efférentes

Observation au microscope optique d'un nerf en x40

Observation au microscope optique d'un nerf et de ses cellules neuronales en x ?

LES VOIES NERVEUSES

Schéma des différentes voies nerveuses impliquées dans les réflexes myotatiques

AXONE du neurone sensitif

Corps cellulaire du neurone sensitif

DENDRITE du neurone sensitif

VOIE SENSITIVE

VOIE MOTEUR

AXONE du neurone sensitif

Corps cellulaire du neurone moteur

LE CODAGE DU MESSAGE NERVEUX

Dépolarisation

Repos

LA TRANSMISSION SYNAPTIQUE

Synapse : lieu de jonction entre deux neurones (synapse neuroneuronale) ou entre un neurone et un muscle (synapse neuromusculaire) Vésicules : compartiments des terminaux présynaptiques des neurones -> Stockent les neurotransmetteurs tels que l'acétylcholine Potentiel d'action : signal électrique unidirectionnel parcourant les axones des neurones -> Provoque la libération de neurotransmetteurs au niveau des synapses

LA RÉPONSE MOTRICE La dépolarisation de la membrane de la cellule musculaire provoque donc un train de potentiel d'action qui se propage le long de la membrane au niveau des tubules transverses. Il induit l'ouverture des canaux calciques situés sur la membrane d'un organite le réticulum sarcoplasmique renfermant des ions Ca2+. Cela entraine la libération d'ions Ca2+ dans le cytosol ce qui entraîne à son tour la contraction musculaire.

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Le déclenchement de la contraction

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The brain processes visual information

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Presentation WOW

Boring Presentation

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audio

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TIMELINE,

To tell stories in an orderly, hierarchical, structured, and concise manner. These are the four pillars to carry out a successful presentation.

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CONCLUSIONS

A great presentation is clear and structured in order to transmit information in an orderly and hierarchical way, and to convey engaging content to the brain. Animation and interactivity are two fundamental pillars for this purpose. Tags, windows, links, audios... With Genially, you can include any type of interactivity to add additional content and provide it with an animation in order to capture the attention of your audience.

What you are reading: interactivity and animation can make even the most boring content fun. At Genially, we use AI (Awesome Interactivity) in all our designs, so you can level up with interactivity and turn your content into something that adds value and engages. Need more reasons to create dynamic content? Well, 90% of the information we assimilate comes to us through sight, and we also retain 42% more information when the content moves.

With Genially templates, you can include visual resources to leave your audience speechless. Also, highlight a specific phrase or data that will be etched in the memory of your audience and even embed external content that surprises: videos, photos, audios... Whatever you want! Interactivity and animation can be your best allies when creating tables, infographics, or graphics that help provide context to the information and simplify the data to convey it to your audience. We are visual beings and find it easier to 'read' images than to read written text.

Le centre nerveux

Définition : Le centre nerveux présente la partie qui va élaborer la message. Il en existe plusieurs dans le corps comme par exemple le cerveau, la moelle épinière, le bulbe rachidien, etc.Nous prenons l'exemple de la moelle épinière. Elle se situe dans la colonne vertébrale.

• Lors d'un traumatisme sur la partie inférieure, on note une absence de réflexe et de mouvement volontaire.
• Lors d'un traumatisme sur la partie supérieure, les informations provenant du cerveau ne parviennent plus mais il y a tout de même un réflexe rotuléen et achilléen (Expérience de Magendie).

Schéma de la coupe transversale de la moelle épinière

Statistics convey professionalism and a greater sense of truthfulness.A bonus: always try to include the source.

Did you know that... We retain 42% more information when the content is moving? It is perhaps the most effective resource to capture your audience's attention.

Here you can place a highlighted title

Interactive visual communication step by step.

Plan your communication's structure.

Prioritize and give visual weight to the main content.

Define sub-messages with interactivity.

Watch out! In Genially we use AI (Awesome Interactivity) in all our designs, so that you level up with interactivity and turn your content into something that adds value and engages.

Here you can put a highlighted title

Interactive visual communication step by step.

Plan your communication structure.

Prioritize it and give visual weight to the main thing.

Define sub-messages with interactivity.

Effecteur

Définition : L’effecteur est un organe musculaire ou glandulaire qui élabore une réponse à un message nerveux. Dans le cas du réflexe achilléen, l'effecteur est le triceps sural.

Le triceps sural

With this function... You can add additional content that excites your audience's brain: videos, images, links, interactivity... Whatever you want!

Did you know that... We retain 42% more information when content is in motion? It's perhaps the most effective resource to capture your audience's attention.

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With this function... You can add additional content that excites the brain of your audience: videos, images, links, interactivity... Whatever you want!

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In Genially you will find more than 1,000 templates ready for you to enter your content and customize them, which will help you tell your stories.

Le récépteur sensoriel

Schéma du fuseau neuromusculaire

Définition :Le récépteur sensoriel a pour rôle de capter le stimulus afin de transmettre un message nerveux correspondant à ce dernier. Il est capable de convertir la tension musculaire en message nerveux électrique.

Dans le cas du réflexe myotatique, le récépteur sensoriel est le fuseau neuromusculaire : un enroulement de fibres afférentes (qui envoie un message chimique) autour d'une fibre neuromusculaire. Ce dernier se trouve ainsi à l'intérieur du muscle et est constitué de fibres musculaires modifiées autour desquelles s'enroulent les extrémités ramifiées des dendrites des neurones sensitifs dont l'ensemble est contenu dans une capsule. Un choc sur le tendon d’Achille engendre un étirement de la capsule et un message nerveux est ensuite transmis via les fibres nerveuses afférentes.

Here you can put a highlighted title

Interactive visual communication step by step.

Plan your communication structure.

Jerarquizarla y darle peso visual a lo principal.

Define sub-messages with interactivity.

Here you can put a highlighted title

Interactive visual communication step by step.

Plan your communication structure.

Prioritize and visually emphasize the main content.

Define sub-messages with interactivity.

Statistics convey professionalism and a greater sense of credibility.A plus: always try to include the source.

Cool Title

Cool Title

Cool Title

Cool Title

Did you know... The window allows you to add more extensive content. You can enrich your genially by incorporating PDFs, videos, text... The content of the window will appear when clicking on the interactive element.

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Did you know... The window allows you to add more extensive content. You can enrich your genially by incorporating PDFs, videos, text... The content of the window will appear when clicking on the interactive element.

Here you can put a highlighted title

Interactive visual communication step by step.

Plan your communication structure.

Prioritize it and give visual weight to the main content.

Define secondary messages with interactivity.

Here you can put a highlighted title

A great title

A great title

With this function... You can add additional content that excites the brain of your audience: videos, images, links, interactivity... Whatever you want!

With this function... You can add additional content that excites your audience's brain: videos, images, links, interactivity... Whatever you want!

In Genially you will find more than 1,000 ready-to-use templates for you to input your content and customize them, which will help you tell your stories.

Cool title

Cool title

Statistics convey professionalism and a stronger sense of credibility.A plus: always try to include the source.

Stimulus

Définition : Le stimulus est un étirement du muscle qui peut être un élément physique, chimique ou biologique capable de déclencher des phénomènes nerveux, musculaires et endocriens dans l'organisme. Dans le cas du réflexe achiléen, il réagit après l'étirement du muscle (triceps sural dans l'exemple du réflèxe achilléen) et est capté par le récepteur sensoriel.

Le Potentiel membranaire de Repos

=> On place des microélectrodes de part et d'autre d'un axone de cellule neuronale pour mesure la différence de potentiel électrique entre l'intérieur et l'extérieur de la membrane. - Le mesure de ces différences de potentiel électrique montrent que l'intérieur de la membrane est chargée négativement et chargée positivement à l'extérieur. - En l'absence de potentiel électrique, la tension et constante et négative et elle est de -70mV

Here you can put a highlighted title

Interactive visual communication step by step.

Plan your communication structure.

Prioritize and give visual weight to the main content.

Define secondary messages with interactivity.

Here you can put a highlighted title

Interactive visual communication step by step.

Plan your communication structure.

Hierarchy and give visual weight to the main elements.

Define secondary messages with interactivity.

Réponse du système nerveux

Définition : action ou réaction réalisée par l'effecteur.La réponse est la contraction du muscle.

Cool Title

Cool Title

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Potentiel d'Action

- Génération d'un potentiel d'action avec un changement de polarité dans le membrane = période de dépolarisation- Stéréotypé : Même amplitude, même forme, unidirectionnel - "Loi du tout ou rien" : Le potentiel d'action ne peut que se générer si la période de dépolarisation dépasse un seuil. - Propagation le long des dendrites et des axones de proche en proche - Ce potentiel d'action a une vitesse de 100 m.s^-1 et peut être accéléré grâce aux gaines de myéline qui isole le message - Après fixation des messages chimiques sur sur les récepteurs, des canaux à ions Na+ s'ouvrent et cela cause cette dépolarisation

Statistics convey professionalism and a greater sense of authenticity.A plus: always try to include the source.

Attention! In Genially we use AI (Awesome Interactivity) in all our designs, so you level up with interactivity and turn your content into something that adds value and engages.

With this function... You can add additional content that excites your audience's brain: videos, images, links, interactivity... Whatever you want!

Did you know... We retain 42% more information when the content moves? It is perhaps the most effective resource to capture your audience's attention.

With this function... You can add additional content that excites your audience's brain: videos, images, links, interactivity... Whatever you want!

Did you know... We retain 42% more information when the content moves? It is perhaps the most effective resource to capture the attention of your audience.

Here you can put a highlighted title

Interactive visual communication step by step.

Plan your communication structure.

Prioritize it and give visual prominence to the main elements.

Define sub-messages with interactivity.

Cool title

In Genially you will find more than 1,000 templates ready for you to input your content and customize them, which will help you tell your stories.

Cool title

Here you can place a highlighted title

Interactive visual communication step by step.

Plan your communication structure.

Prioritize and give visual weight to the main elements.

Define secondary messages with interactivity.

Did you know... We retain 42% more information when the content is moving? It is perhaps the most effective resource to capture the attention of your audience.

Did you know that... We retain 42% more information when the content is moving? It is perhaps the most effective resource to capture your audience's attention.

Here you can place a highlighted title

A cool title

A brilliant title

With this function... You can add additional content that excites your audience's brain: videos, images, links, interactivity... Whatever you want!