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Unit 2

The BehavioralParadigm

Psychology has taken a great interest in human behavior, and has learned how human relationships form. They take into account individual characteristics, because each person has a different personality that affects his conduct and behavior.We must emphasize that every human being has specific characteristics that differentiate him from others with defects and qualities of his own, some acquired during growth and development, and others of genetic origin.

Learning theories have enough elements that allow us, in the educational field, to identify the personality type of each of our students. They begin by establishing an appropriate educational strategy that will increase students’ knowledge and improve learning.

Characteristics of behavioral theories

Main concepts

Teaching models based on behavioral proposals

Learning principles derived from behavioral theories

Behaviourism

The theory of learning that we are dealing with is behaviorism, which, as its name says, is based on human behavior. John Watson, its creator, establishes the importance of human beings adapting to any situation or circumstance.Skinner, on the other hand, sees it from a philosophical point of view- behavioral science. Behaviorism has been present in the educational field, predominantly in traditional education. It refers to modifying behavior through repetition, and privileging memory through conditioning. Therefore, the student learns by imitation with an award or punishment as part of the learning process.

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University of Technology, Entrepreneurship and Leadership. (2024). The Behavioral Paradigm: Unit 2. Utel. USA.

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Teaching Models Based on Behavioral Proposals

In the behavioral paradigm, teaching provides the contents and information that are transmitted to the student, using an instructional technique that the teacher owns. They acquire and structure them through reinforcement courses, improve their teaching techniques, and increase skills and knowledge to get the students to improve through conditioning.

Teaching in the behavioral paradigm gives the student observable and measurable results. A preliminary evaluation provides greater clarity of where to begin instruction. It is essential to know the student’s level of knowledge to establish the objectives. Awards or punishments stimulate progress in performance. The teacher uses clues so that students associate stimulus-response until they reach the set goals.

Behavioral Method

A teaching process that works using stimuli and reinforcements that are either positive or negative, to achieve the desired response. Students learn to respond to stimulus a certain way, and know what to expect and what is expected of them.

Something important to take into account is that behaviorism sees students as depositories of information and depersonalizes them by making them objects with loss of identity.

That learning results in a somewhat permanent change of behavior towards your environment and yourself.

Goal

Characteristics of Behavioral Theories

The main characteristics of behaviorism are that the sole possessor of knowledge is the teacher, and the student is the recipient. Knowledge is transmitted exclusively by the teacher, so the learning is passive with very little participation of the student.

What Skinner brings, according to his research, primarily identifies three factors:

• Discriminatory stimulus
• Reinforcing stimulus and
• Operating response anticipates that everything we do affects our environment and creates changes in it, while the reaction reflects each individual's response to an external stimulus.

The main principles are:StimulusResponseConditioningContiguityReinforcementPunishment

The behavioral paradigm is a scientifically based assumption that investigates a problem and provides reliable elements to improve the educational process. The first theory that influences human learning considers behavior as a fundamental element of the teaching-learning process

Main Concepts

Can be neutral, conditional, or unconditional; is everything that generates a response, activating behavior.

It is the different ways to react to a stimulus

Classic conditioning means that in the face of stimulus an individual responds automatically

Contiguity refers to the temporal closeness between a stimulus and a response, where learning is reinforced when both occur near each other in time.

May be positive or negative, reinforces positive behavior with a reward, or eliminates negative behavior with punishment

Causes some form of physical or emotional damage to eliminate unwanted behavior.

TheStudent´s Rol

The Teacher´sRol

Learning principles derived from behavioral theories

A student's role is passive, receiving knowledge from the teacher. Their participation is limited, and their learning performance is influenced externally, with necessary curricular adjustments made.

The role of an extremely traditional teacher as the possessor of all knowledge, is not questionable. They are the only ones with the knowledge and exercise control on students, so teachers are the only ones to make decisions, and determine what's best for their students.