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The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change

This content was based on the booklet developed for the Drive it Down project - GNS Science.The aim is to disseminate science and facilitate the learning of the Carbon Cycle and Climate Change. For a better visualization of the online content: use a desktop screen in full view mode Some pages present clickable items, and you can visualize them by clicking the icon on the top right corner of the page. Enjoy the journey!

START

intro

Kuputaka

Activities

Video

Additional Resources

Authors

Climate Action

Measuring CO2

Sinks and Sources

Urban Carbon Cycle

Global Carbon Cycle

GreenhouseGases

Climate Change

content

Test your knowledge

How does climate change affect the planet?

What is Climate Change?

climate change

Climate change refers to long-term changes in the Earth's climate, especially the increase in the average temperature of the planet.

What is Climate Change?

Info

climate change

Climate change affects the planet in many ways. Due to changes in global temperature, extreme events are more likely to happen. Such events can also affect food and water supplies. People can get sick with more diseases and have heat-related illnesses.

How does climate change affect the planet?

Click to play:

After the activities, click home to choose your next topic

Climate Change Bonus Quiz

Climate ChangeQuiz

climate change

Test your knowledge

Why is the Earth warming?

Test your knowledge

What is Carbon Footprint?

What is Carbon?

What is the difference between air pollutants and greenhouse gases?

What are greenhouse gases?

greenhouse gases

The atmosphere is a jacket of gases that surround our planet. It is made of:Nitrogen (N2) - 78.1 % Oxygen (O2) - 20.9 % Argon (Ar) - 0.9 % Carbon dioxide (CO2) - 0.04 % And the rest is made of very small amounts of other gases including water vapor.

greenhouse gas

The atmosphere

Why are they important?

greenhouse gas

Greenhouse gases (GHG) are gases in the Earth’s atmosphere that trap heat reflected from the Earth's surface. (like how heat is trapped in a greenhouse) We need some greenhouse gases to survive, without them the earth would be -19°C, which is about the same temperature as your freezer!

What are Greenhouse Gases?

Info

Why is the Earth warming?

greenhouse gas

In recent years, the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased so much that more heat is being trapped, causing the increase in the average temperature of the Earth (planet becoming warmer) and global climate to change. The increase in the amount of greenhouse gases is caused by people and their actions.

click on the molecules for more info

methane carbon dioxide water vapour nitrous oxide fluorinated gases

greenhouse gas

There are a number of gases that contribute to global warming, some of these are:

Why is the Earth warming?

Info

Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, which causes the planet to warm up over time.

Air pollutants can harm our health and the environment.

greenhouse gas

What is the difference between air pollutants and greenhouse gases?

Info

Air pollutants are tracked for their immediate harm to health, while greenhouse gases are measured to account for their potential to change the Earth’s climate over time. The way we look at air pollutants and greenhouse gases is different because they affect the Earth in different ways.

greenhouse gas

What is the difference between air pollutants and greenhouse gases?

In the atmosphere, carbon can be found as: CO2 (carbon dioxide) CO (carbon monoxide) CH4 (methane)

Carbon is a chemical element and is found in many forms, as an energy source for building things: · Our bodies (18% of a person) – in our DNA, muscles, bones and more · Rocks, soils and the earth’s crust · Fuel (e.g. petrol and diesel) · Oceans · Animals · Plants · Buildings · The atmosphere

greenhouse gas

What is Carbon?

Learn more about the carbon cycle in the Global and Urban Carbon Cycle modules.

Info

Carbon dioxide, also called CO2 (pronounced see-oh-two), is the most important of the greenhouse gases as it is emitted in large quantities and has a long-lasting influence. CO2 stays in the atmosphere for thousands of years (also known as ‘atmospheric lifetime’). This is one of the reasons why it builds up in the atmosphere and why we need to reduce emissions. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is part of the ‘carbon cycle’.

greenhouse gas

What is CO2?

Other greenhouse gases have shorter lifetimes or much smaller concentrations in the atmosphere. For example, 0.04% of the atmosphere is CO2, while methane accounts for 0.00018% and nitrous oxide, 0.00003%. Even such small quantities are enough to trap lots of heat.

Info

Global Warming Potential (GWP) is a way to compare how much heat a greenhouse gas can trap in the atmosphere over a certain period of time. It helps us compare the different greenhouse gases.

greenhouse gas

Global Warming Potential

Info

A carbon footprint is the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gases that are released into the atmosphere because of human activities. It includes things like the energy we use, the food we eat, the products we buy, and the travel we do. The bigger the carbon footprint, the more it contributes to climate change.

greenhouse gas

What is Carbon Footprint?

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After the activities, click home to choose your next topic

GHG Memory game

greenhouse gas

GHGQuiz

Test your knowledge

Fossil Fuel

Forests

Oceans

Test your knowledge

carbon sinks and sources

Info

CO2 is removed from the atmosphere by plants during photosynthesis, and returned to the atmosphere by respiration of plants, animals and soil microbes and fires.

sinks and sources

Forests

Info

Oceans also exchange carbon with the atmosphere. CO2 from the air dissolves into the ocean’s surface, where it is used by plants and animals. However, too much carbon in the ocean can damage plants and animals as it makes the water more acidic.

sinks and sources

Oceans

Info

Fossil fuels, such as coal, gas and petrol, are made of mostly carbon and formed from the buried remains of ancient organisms (hence the name ‘fossil’ fuels!). These fossil fuels are burnt to produce electricity, power and heat.

sinks and sources

Fossil Fuel

Info

Fossil fuels are a large source of the CO2 in our atmosphere. They are burnt by humans, and unlike the ocean and forest sources, fossil fuels do not have a compensating sink.

sinks and sources

Fossil Fuel

Click to play:

After the activities, click home to choose your next topic

Carbon Sinks and SourcesQuiz

Sinks and SourcesWord Search

sinks and sources

Test your knowledge

The Carbon Cycle

Test your knowledge

global carbon cycle

These sources and sinks control the amount of carbon that is in the atmosphere.

A carbon source is a system that releases more carbon than it takes in.

A carbon sink is a system that takes in more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases.

The carbon cycle contains sources and sinks of carbon.

global carbon cycle

The Global Carbon Cycle

global carbon cycle

SoilOneone

RockToka

PlantTipu

VolcanoPuia

Fossil fuelKora mātātoka

PhotosynthesisAhotakakame

OceanMoana

Carbon Waro

Carbon dioxide Hauhā

ForestNgahere

AtmosphereKōhauhau

Carbon cycle Hurihanga waro

Greenhouse gasesHaurehu kati mahana

The Global Carbon Cycle

Click to play:

After the activities, click home to choose your next topic

global carbon cycle

Global Cycle

Link the Words

Global Cycle Crossword

Test your knowledge

What is Carbon Concentration?

What are Carbon Emissions?

Carbon Cycle in cities

Why study CO2 in cities?

urban carbon cycle

Auckland is the largest city in Aotearoa New Zealand. In Auckland it is estimated that 44% of the total GHG emissions come from transport!

Most of the world’s population live in cities. Cities are large contributors of CO2 fossil fuel emissions with 70% of emissions being from cities.

Why study CO2 in cities?

Info

urban carbon cycle

Typically, the concentrations of greenhouse gases are higher in cities than in rural areas, because there are significantly higher emissions in highly urbanised areas.

Why study CO2 in cities?

Although, in rural areas where there is pasture, lots of methane is also emitted!

urban carbon cycle

CommercialArumoni

ResidentialKāenga

PlantTipu

AtmosphereKōhauhau

TransportTūnuku

AviationRererangi

ShippingWakatauā

Carbon dioxide Hauhā

IndustryAhumahi

Greenhouse gasesHaurehu kati mahana

The Carbon Cycle in Cities

urban carbon cycle

Carbon emissions are the amount of carbon (usually as carbon dioxide, or CO₂) that is being released into the air. It happens when we burn things like coal, oil, or gas, or through activities like cutting down trees. It measures how much carbon is released over time, like tons of CO₂ per year.

Carbon emissions and carbon concentration both talk about quantifying carbon, but they mean different things.

Info

What are Carbon Emissions?

urban carbon cycle

Info

Carbon Concentration is the amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) that is in the air at any given moment. It’s measured by how much CO₂ is in the air, often shown in parts per million (ppm). For example, how many CO₂ molecules are in the air compared to all the other air molecules.

Carbon emissions and carbon concentration both talk about quantifying carbon, but they mean different things.

What is Carbon Concentration?

urban carbon cycle

Emissions are like pouring carbon into the atmosphere, and concentration is how much carbon is already there.

Carbon emissions are the amount of carbon we put into the air. Carbon concentration is the amount of carbon already in the air.

Emission vs. Concentration

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urban carbon cycle

Urban Cycle Memory game

Urban Carbon CycleQuiz

Test your knowledge

How to measure CO2?

Local CO2 measurements

How to monitor CO2?

Atmospheric mixing

Test your knowledge

measuring CO2

The wind plays a part in atmospheric mixing. When it isn’t very windy emissions will stay around the area where they were emitted, however strong winds will blow away emissions from the source.

Atmospheric conditions play a big role in how carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other gases spread (or disperse) through the air. Different weather patterns and factors in the atmosphere can either help the carbon spread widely or keep it trapped in one place.

measuring CO2

Atmospheric mixing

Greenhouse gases are mostly emitted close to the Earth’s surface, within the ‘atmospheric boundary layer’. The atmospheric boundary layer changes height throughout the day and year depending on temperature.

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is a thin layer of air (which can range from 100 to 3000 meters) closest to the ground.

measuring CO2

Atmospheric mixing

DAY

SUMMER

WINTER

During the day the boundary layer is at its deepest, meaning that the emissions are going into a larger volume and are becoming more spread out. This makes the concentration of gases look smaller.

NIGHT

During the night the boundary layer is shallow, meaning that the emissions are going into a smaler volume. If we release the same amounts of gases within a shallow ABL, they will be very dense in that air volume (very close to each other), so will have a higher concentration!

When the earth is warm the boundary layer is at its deepest, meaning that the emissions are going into a larger volume and are becoming more spread out. This makes the concentration of gases look smaller.

When the earth is cold the boundary layer is shallow, meaning that the emissions are going into a smaler volume. This makes the concentration of gases look higher than during the days and hours of warmer temperatures, when the ABL is deep.

measuring CO2

Click on the buttons to see what happens with the ABL throught day/night and summer/winter. Before selecting the next button, click again to turn off the current ABL.

Atmospheric boundary layer

measuring CO2

Concentration: number of molecules per unit of volume. Flux: number of molecules passing through a unit of area per unit time.

Info

Measuring a gas in the air involves detecting the amount of a specific gas:

How to measure CO2?

measuring CO2

Info

CO2 is measured all around the world for climate change research. When we measure CO2 we are measuring the concentration, not the emissions. The concentration is the amount of CO2 in proportion of the total volume of the air. The emissions are how much CO2 is being put into the atmosphere. CO2 is measured in the unit ‘parts per million’ (ppm).

How to measure CO2?

measuring CO2

If the concentration is 415 ppm, this means that for every million molecules of air, 415 of them are CO2 (415 / 1,000,000).

Because of the changing atmospheric mixing, figuring out emissions from measurements of CO2 concentration can be complicated. For example, emissions in the morning are into a smaller volume of air than emissions in the afternoon, as the boundary layer is lower in the sky, so the concentration of CO2 measured by the analyser will be larger.

How to measure CO2?

measuring CO2

For example, scientists can measure atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide (CO₂), by using:

Gas analysers

Gas collection flasks

Measuring gases in the air is done using several methods and tools that help scientists determine the concentration of different gases.

Info

Remote sensing

How to measure CO2?

Scientific publication here

measuring CO2

It covers six main sources of emissions and provides more detail, helping guide emissions reduction and zero-carbon planning.

Mahuika-Auckland is a detailed CO2 emissions dataset for Auckland, New Zealand.

Auckland, NZ

Info

CO2 Modelling and Inventory

measuring CO2

At both of these measurement sites we can see an increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere over time.

In the Northern Hemisphere there is Mauna Loa (Hawaii), since 1958.

Long-term monitoring

At Baring Head, near Wellington, the National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA) has been measuring CO2 since 1972.

Info

How to monitor CO2?

measuring CO2

In Auckland, scientists from GNS Science and NIWA are measuring CO2 concentrations around the city as part of the CarbonWatch-NZ and CarbonWatch-Urban research projects to understand the carbon balance in the country and in the cities.

CarbonWatch-NZ

CarbonWatch-Urban

Local CO2 measurements

measuring CO2

check the results next:

Schools

The initiative aims to support teaching of carbon cycle and climate change. The chart shows the process followed at the schools.

Scientists from GNS used low-cost sensors installed at schools-gates to help with the visualization of atmospheric concentrations of CO2 during school drop-off hours.

Local CO2 measurements

Meadowbank School Pilot Project

measuring CO2

SCHOOL DAYS

Check the results by clicking the buttons:

INITIATIVE DAYS

HOLIDAYS

Schools

Info

The project to support teaching of carbon cycle and climate change, resulted in effective initiatives from the students to reduce CO2 emissions.

Local CO2 measurements

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measuring CO2

Measuring CO2 Memory game

Measuring CO2Quiz

Test your knowledge

How to reduce my carbon footprint?

What can we do?

Sustainable Development Goals

Why take action?

climate action

Taking action to reduce carbon emissions is important because it helps protect the planet and our future.

Reducing carbon emissions is essential for protecting the environment, improving health, supporting a sustainable economy, and securing a better future for everyone.

climate action

Why take action?

climate action

The global goals to achieve sustainable development, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), are closely connected to carbon emissions because tackling emissions is essential for achieving many of these goals.

Sustainable Development Goals

climate action

Reducing your impact begins with understanding it. Once you know where your emissions are coming from, you can find opportunities to cut down. You can calculate your carbon footprint online to see where most of your emissions are coming from!

Everyone can have an impact in reducing CO2 emissions! For example, instead of driving to work or school, you could walk or scooter, whenever this is possible. Some other ways to reduce emissions are:

What can we do?

climate action

Info

Even though we can’t control everything that affects the carbon footprint, there are many ways they can help reduce it and make the world a cleaner place. Here are some ideas:

By making small changes in everyday life, everyone can help reduce their carbon footprint and contribute to a healthier planet!

A carbon footprint is the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other greenhouse gases that are released into the air because of our activities.

How to reduce my carbon footprint?

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climate action

Discussion Cards:Environmental Issues

Discussion Cards:Professions

Test your knowledge

Words in Te Reo Māori

Test your knowledge

kuputaka

This is not meant to be used as a dictionary, it only brings a few words in Te Reo Māori that were used along this material.

Reference: Te Papakupu o Te Marautanga o Aotearoa, available online (https://paekupu.co.nz)

fossil fuel

atmosphere

scientist

carbon cycle

greenhouse gas

gas

nitrogen

kora mātātoka

kōhauhau

kaipūtaiao

hurihanga waro

haurehu kati mahana

haurehu

hauota

carbon dioxide

air

wind

oxygen

biosphere

industry

hauhā

hau takiwā

hau

hāora

ao koiora

ahumahi

āhuarangi hurihuri

climate change

kuputaka

Words in Te Reo Māori

Reference: Te Papakupu o Te Marautanga o Aotearoa, available online (https://paekupu.co.nz)

kuputaka

This is not meant to be used as a dictionary, it only brings a few words in Te Reo Māori that were used along this material.

carbon

transport

rock

carbon footprint

city

carbon sink

source

waro

tūnuku

toka

tapuwae waro

tāone nui

putunga waro

pūtake

science

volcano

temperature

soil

forest

ocean

pūtaiao

puia

paemahana

oneone

ngahere

moana

mewaro

methane

Words in Te Reo Māori

Click to play:

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kuputaka

KuputakaCrossword

Test your knowledge

CONTACTcwu@gns.cri.nz driveitdown@gns.cri.nz

authors

-Authors-Based on the booklet designed by Michelle Cosnett Written by Leigh Fleming, edited by Jocelyn Turnbull, Vanessa Monteiro, Erin Edmonds and Cybelli Barbosa Illustrations by Michelle Cosnett (Buravleva Stock, Envato), and by Cybelli Barbosa (Pexels, Canva, Genially) Graphics by Donna Hiraina and Vanessa Monteiro Layout and edition by Cybelli Barbosa -Image credits- CO2 record figure provided by NIWA Stock Imagery by Envato, Pexels, and iStock Getty images -Acknowledgements- Based on the booklet created as part of "Drive it down! Measuring and mitigating school-gate emissions". This project, including the educational resources, was possible thanks to:

Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment - Unlocking Curious Minds Fund (2024)
Wellington Doctoral Scholarship from Te Herenga Waka Victoria University of Wellington (Vanessa Monteiro)
University of California Berkeley (low-cost sensors)
MBIE - Endeavor Research Programme CarbonWatch-Urban (2023)
Royal Society Catalyst Fund (2021)

OVERVIEW OF gREENHOUSE GASES

Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Feedback School Journal

Drive it Down! teaching resources

Auckland GHG emissions

Active Travel Action GREATER WELLINGTON

Greenhouse gas concentrations

Science Learning HubThe Carbon Cycle

House of Science kits

Mātauranga Māori

Climate ChangeOur Biggest Challenge

Trees, Seas and Soil – Kaitiakitanga

Carbon Dioxide AND GLOBAL WARMING

greenhouse gas emissions

Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions - covid19

Greenhouse gases and the atmosphere

Atmospheric boundary layer

Schools strike for climate

Carbon Cycle video nature vs. human impacts

visualize one part per million

The ocean

Human Contributions to Climate Change

The Ozone Hole

Urban carbon dioxide INSIGHTS

Global Action

FORCE OF HABITS

Science Learning HubCarbon Dioxide

resources

Click on the topics below to know more:

Global Cycle

Link the Words

Carbon Sinks and SourcesQuiz

Climate ChangeBonus Quiz

Climate ChangeQuiz

GHG Memory game

Urban Cycle Memory game

Measuring CO2 Memory game

Sinks and SourcesWord Search

GHGQuiz

Global Cycle Crossword

Urban Carbon CycleQuiz

Measuring CO2Quiz

activities

Welcome to the Activities menu:

Discussion Cards:Environmental Issues

KuputakaCrossword

Discussion Cards:Professions

Learn about GHG Emissions in Tāmaki Makaurau with Pua, the plant:

video

ACTIVITIES MENU

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Climate Change Quiz

Start

Test your knowledge about Climate Change and how it can affect the planet.

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Question 1/4

Human activity is one of the causes of climate change. Extreme weather patterns and animal migration are some of the consequences of climate change.

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Question 2/4

Due to climate change, weather patterns might become more extreme and less predictable.

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Question 3/4

The increase in the average temperature can produce more heatwaves.

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Question 4/4

Climate change refers to long-term changes in the Earth's climate, especially the increase in the average temperature of the planet.

End of the quiz!

Congratulations! Keep studying, and good luck on your next quiz.

🎉

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Climate Change Bonus Quiz

Let's go!

The bonus quiz offers an exciting opportunity to explore additional aspects of Climate Change that weren't covered here. Use this as a chance to expand your knowledge by consulting other research sources to find the answers!

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Question 1/6

Human activities, such as burning fossil fuel, have a major impact on climate change.

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Question 2/6

TRUE. The burning of fossil fuels, like coal and fuel, releases carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming.

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Question 3/6

Carbon Dioxide (CO2). CO2 is a greenhouse gas, i.e., responsible for trapping heat in the atmosphere.

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Question 4/6

Increased global temperatures and rising sea levels are major consequences of global warming.

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Question 5/6

Climate change is caused by natural factors AND human activities.

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Question 6/6

It is very important to study carbon, to know more about: the amount of carbon stored in forests, the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted by human activities, and the presence of carbon molecules in the atmosphere.

Quiz finished!

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Congratulations!!Keep studying and good luck on your next quiz.

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Start

Greenhouse gases MEMORY GAME

I am called WATER I am made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxigen atom. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas!

I am called NITROUS OXIDE I am made of 2 nitrogen atoms and 1 oxigen atom.

I am called OZONE I am made of 3 oxigen atoms. I protect the Earth against UV radiation (in the stratosphere).

I am called CARBON DIOXIDE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 2 oxigen atoms.

We are a group called FLUORINATED GASES We are powerful greenhouse gases, but usually not released as much as other GHG.

I am called METHANE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms.

Start

Memorise the positions

HH:MM:SS

Back

Where is the couple?

HH:MM:SS

I am called CARBON DIOXIDE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 2 oxigen atoms.

Back

Where is the couple?

I am called NITROUS OXIDE I am made of 2 nitrogen atoms and 1 oxigen atom.

HH:MM:SS

I am called CARBON DIOXIDE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 2 oxigen atoms.

Back

Where is the couple?

I am called NITROUS OXIDE I am made of 2 nitrogen atoms and 1 oxigen atom.

I am called METHANE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms.

HH:MM:SS

I am called CARBON DIOXIDE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 2 oxigen atoms.

Back

Where is the couple?

I am called NITROUS OXIDE I am made of 2 nitrogen atoms and 1 oxigen atom.

I am called WATER I am made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxigen atom. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas!

I am called METHANE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms.

HH:MM:SS

I am called CARBON DIOXIDE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 2 oxigen atoms.

Back

Where is the couple?

I am called OZONE I am made of 3 oxigen atoms. I protect the Earth against UV radiation (in the stratosphere).

I am called NITROUS OXIDE I am made of 2 nitrogen atoms and 1 oxigen atom.

I am called WATER I am made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxigen atom. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas!

I am called METHANE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms.

HH:MM:SS

I am called CARBON DIOXIDE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 2 oxigen atoms.

Back

Where is the couple?

We are a group called FLUORINATED GASES We are powerful greenhouse gases, but usually not released as much as other greenhouse gases.

I am called OZONE I am made of 3 oxigen atoms. I protect the Earth against UV radiation (in the stratosphere).

I am called NITROUS OXIDE I am made of 2 nitrogen atoms and 1 oxigen atom.

FINISH

I am called WATER I am made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxigen atom. Water vapor is a greenhouse gas!

I am called METHANE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 4 hydrogen atoms.

HH:MM:SS

I am called CARBON DIOXIDE I am made of 1 carbon atom and 2 oxigen atoms.

Back

Where is the couple?

RETURN TO MODULE

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CLAIM YOUR BADGE

HH:MM:SS

Your time

Congratulations!

ACTIVITIES MENU

Info

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Greenhouse Gases Quiz

Test your knowledge about Greenhouse Gases

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Question 1/8

Methane, carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases. Non-greenhouse gases do not have their molecular structure affected by infrared radiation.

Which gases contribute to the greenhouse effect?

Question 1/8

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Question 2/8

True. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere.

Greenhouse gases are invisible gases that act like a blanket in the sky. They keep Earth from cooling down.

Question 2/8

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Question 3/8

O2 (Oxygen) Oxygen molecule is not affected by infrared radiation, while carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor are.

Which one is NOT a greenhouse gas?

Question 3/8

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Question 4/8

True. Using the GWP, one can convert emissions of a gas to CO2-equivalent emissions.

Global warming potential (GWP) is a measure of how much a greenhouse gas can trap heat in the atmosphere.

Question 4/8

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Question 5/8

Carbon dioxide. CO2 has a lifetime of thousands of years, and this is one of the reasons why it builds up in the atmosphere and why we need to reduce its emissions. Other gases have shorter lifetimes (e.g., CH4, N2O, H2O) or have much smaller concentrations (e.g., F-gases, N2O).

Which greenhouse gas has the longest lifetime (lives longer) in the atmosphere?

Question 5/8

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Question 6/8

Fluorinated gases. Fluorinated gases can have a warming potential up to 23500 times the warming potential of CO2, but they are less abundant in the atmosphere..

Which greenhouse gas (gases) has (have) the largest Global Warming Potential (traps more heat over time)?

Question 6/8

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Question 7/8

Global warming potential. GWP is a measure of how much a greenhouse gas can trap heat in the atmosphere over a period of time.

What does GWP stand for?

Question 7/8

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Question 8/8

True. We need GHG's to keep our planet warm enough for us to survive, but the excess of GHG's can substantially increase the planet's temperature.

We need greenhouse gases to survive but if we have too much it hurts our planet.

Question 8/8

Quiz finished!

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Info

ACTIVITIES MENU

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Carbon QUIZ

Sinks and Sources

start

QUESTION 1/7

True. Typically, urban areas have higher emissions of fossil fuels than rural areas. However, some rural areas can have significant methane emissions.

QUESTION 2/7

True. Plants absorb CO2 and release oxygen during photosynthesis. But, during day and night, theyalso respire, releasing CO2.

QUESTION 3/7

True. Oceans absorb about 25% of carbon dioxide emissions.

QUESTION 4/7

Acidic. CO2 is building up in the surface of oceans, and when oceans become more acidic it is dangerous to shellfish, corals and crustaceans.

QUESTION 5/7

True. Some examples are plants, the ocean, and the soil. Carbon sources are the opposite; they emit more than absorb carbon.

QUESTION 6/7

Cars and trucks. Volcanic eruptions, respiration of living organisms, and ocean's exchanges cannot be controlled by humans; however, cars and trucks' emissions can!

QUESTION 7/7

All options. Some of the consequences of high concentrations of GHGs are the warming of the seas, warming of the air, and the increasing chances of disasters.

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End of the quiz!

Global Carbon Cycle

Start

Link the words

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Click to turn on and off the button with the pen design on the right side of the screen

Link the correspondent words

Click on the button (pen) on the side to draw >

The solution will appear in 30 seconds

Carbon cycle

Greenhouse gas

Carbon dioxide

Atmosphere

Kōhauhau

Hauhā

Haurehu kati mahana

Global Carbon Cycle

Instructions

00:30

Hurihanga waro

Link the words

YES

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Got it right?

Info

ACTIVITIES MENU

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Urban Carbon Cycle Quiz

Start

Question 1/8

after answering correctly you'll go to the next question

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False. Cities are large contributors of CO2 fossil fuel emissions, from several economic sectors such as transportation, commercial and residential, and electricity.

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Walking to school. Burning fossil fuels emit CO2 (carbon dioxide), making rubbish and burps emit CH4 (methane). Did you know when we walk, we also produce CO2? By respiration!

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Bicycle. Cycling requires our human energy, but all other options (car, bus, train) require use of electric energy (if they are electric vehicles), or fossil fuels.

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All options! Trees absorb carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Walking, cycling, riding scooters and using electric vehicles prevent emissions from fossil fuel vehicles.

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Transportation. In Auckland, it is estimated that 44% of total emissions are from the transport sector.

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True. It is estimated that 70% of fossil fuel greenhouse gas emissions are from cities.

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Carbon dioxide. Fossil fuel vehicles emit carbon dioxide as a result from the combustion (gasoline and diesel fuel, in internal combustion engines).

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Methane. When organic waste is sent to landfills it emits CH4.

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Measuring CO2

Measuring

Info

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Carbon QUIZ

QUESTION 1/6

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Carbon dioxide. For example, 0.04% of the atmosphere is CO2, while methane accounts for 0.00018% and nitrous oxide, 0.00003%. Even such small quantities are enough to trap lots of heat.

QUESTION 2/6

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Parts per million. Atmospheric concentrations of GHGs are expressed as "moles of analysed gas divided by moles of total air". Carbon dioxide is in ppm, while methane and nitrous oxide are measured in ppb (parts per billion).

QUESTION 3/6

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419. According to Stats NZ, "In December 2022, carbon dioxide concentrations were 415 parts per million, up 6 percent since 2012".

QUESTION 4/6

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Atmospheric boundary layer. Also known by Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL).

QUESTION 5/6

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False. All of these variables will change how deep the atmospheric boundary layer is. High temperatures will generate a deep boundary layer. For example, temperature is typically higher in the afternoon, the ABL will be deeper than during the nighttime.

QUESTION 6/6

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True. Because most of air pollutants and greenhouse gases are emitted close to the Earth's surface, they are often trapped within this layer. However, they can also be emitted above the ABL (e.g., airplane emissions).

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URBAN CARBON CYCLE

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MEMORY GAME

START

THINGS THAT GO INTO THE AIR, like smoke or gases, often coming from cars, factories, or other sources.

EMISSIONS, which contribute to global warming.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS during the day. Both during day and night they also respire, releasing carbon dioxide!

A FOSSIL FUEL VEHICLE. It releases carbon dioxide and other air pollutants.

EMISSIONS are

Fossil fuel vehicles and landfill release greenhouse gases

Plants take in carbon dioxide through

One source of greenhouse gases is

ELECTRIC VEHICLES. They emit much fewer greenhouse gases than petrol vehicles.

“EVs” stand for

GREENHOUSE GASES, or GHGs. We absorb radiation and this helps to trap heat in the atmosphere.

We are called

Memorise the positions

I AM READY

HH:MM:SS

We are called

Where is the pair?

We are called

HH:MM:SS

GREENHOUSE GASES, or GHGs. We absorb radiation and this helps to trap heat in the atmosphere.

“EVs” stand for

Where is the couple?

One source of greenhouse gases is

ELECTRIC VEHICLES. They emit much fewer greenhouse gases than petrol vehicles.

“EVs” stand for

HH:MM:SS

Where is the couple?

A FOSSIL FUEL VEHICLE. It releases carbon dioxide and other air pollutants.

Plants take in carbon dioxide through

One source of greenhouse gases is

HH:MM:SS

Where is the couple?

PHOTOSYNTHESIS during the day. Both during day and night they also respire, releasing carbon dioxide!

Fossil fuel vehicles and landfill release greenhouse gases

Plants take in carbon dioxide through

HH:MM:SS

Where is the couple?

EMISSIONS, which contribute to global warming.

EMISSIONS are

Fossil fuel vehicles and landfill release greenhouse gases

HH:MM:SS

Where is the couple?

THINGS THAT GO INTO THE AIR, like smoke or gases, often coming from cars, factories, or other sources.

FINISH

EMISSIONS are

HH:MM:SS

Where is the couple?

Congratulations!

HH:MM:SS

your time

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Measuring CO2

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MEMORY GAME

START

how CLOSE TOGETHER or how SPREAD OUT molecules (gases) are in the air.

how much gases, like carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, are in the air. This is called the ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION.

keep molecules far from each other, temporarily lowering the atmospheric CONCENTRATION.

molecules are spread out far from each other, temporarily lowering the atmospheric CONCENTRATION.

Atmospheric CONCENTRATION is

Scientists use instruments to measure

High air temperature

When the wind is strong

keep molecules close to each other, temporarily increasing the atmospheric CONCENTRATION.

Low temperatures can

molecules can keep close together, temporarily increasing the atmospheric CONCENTRATION

When the wind is calm

Memorise the positions

I AM READY

HH:MM:SS

When the wind is calm

Where is the pair?

Low temperatures can

HH:MM:SS

molecules can keep close together, temporarily increasing the atmospheric CONCENTRATION

When the wind is calm

Where is the couple?

When the wind is strong

keep molecules close to each other, temporarily increasing the atmospheric CONCENTRATION.

Low temperatures can

HH:MM:SS

Where is the couple?

molecules are spread out far from each other, temporarily lowering the atmospheric CONCENTRATION.

High air temperature

When the wind is strong

HH:MM:SS

Where is the couple?

keep molecules far from each other, temporarily lowering the atmospheric CONCENTRATION.

Scientists use instruments to measure

High air temperature

HH:MM:SS

Where is the couple?

how much gases, like carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, are in the air. This is called the ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATION.

Atmospheric CONCENTRATION is

Scientists use instruments to measure

HH:MM:SS

Where is the couple?

how CLOSE TOGETHER or how SPREAD OUT molecules (gases) are in the air.

Atmospheric CONCENTRATION is

FINISH

HH:MM:SS

Where is the couple?

Congratulations!

HH:MM:SS

your time

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ACTIVITIES MENU

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Sinks and Sources Word Search

Once you're done, click below for the answers:

Use the drawing pen on the top right of the page or paper and pencil

Find the listed words in the grid by looking Horizontal, Vertical, Forward, and Backward:

Answer

air animals atmosphere carbon energy fires forest fossil fuel ocean photosynthesis plants power respiration sink source water

Find the words

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Start

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Global Carbon Cycle Crossword

Once you're done, click for the answers:

Use the drawing pen on the top right of the page or paper and pencil

Solve the crossword by placing the correspondent words:

Answer

Crossword

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Kuputaka Crossword

Take your time to solve the crossword. Once you're done, click for the answers:

1 Greenhouse gas 2 Carbon 3 Climate Change 4 Forest 5 Carbon Cycle 6 Fossil Fuel 7 Carbon dioxide 8 Ocean 9 Atmosphere 10 Gas

Answer

Use the drawing pen on the top right of the page or paper and pencil

Solve the crossword by placing the correspondent Māori words:

Crossword

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Climate Action

DISCUSSION CARDS:Enviromental Issues

Info

Different cards will be presented: Issue, place/habitat, solution.

For each Enviromental issue, a place/habitat card and a solution card should be combined.

Look for alike words to help matching issues with solutions.

During the discussion, other solutions that are not included in the cards can be proposed to the issue.

Ākonga might find there may be overlaps i.e. there is more than one solution to an issue. This is expected.

It is intended for them to gain a broader understanding about the complexity of environmental problems and how everything is part of interrelated systems and communities.

The glossary should be made available during the activity (scientific literacy development).

Goal

Raise awareness and discussion about the complexity of climate change issues, some solutions and the connections with our places and professions. Cards are intended to be used as an "open-safe space" for ākonga to propose different ideas, fostering a relationship with places/habitats, issues, and exploring solutions.

Instructions

Discussion Cards

On the next pages you will find ISSUE cards.And the goal is to match PLACES/HABITATS cards and SOLUTION cards with the presented ISSUE card. The GLOSSARY information will be available for support.

Discussion Cards

Choose the card or click next to pass by all cards in the same order they are presented here:

Discussion Cards

SOLUTION

ISSUE

PLACE/HABITAT

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

RETURN TO CARDS MENU

Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Move a SOLUTION card here

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Evaluate the ISSUE (click to zoom in) and move a PLACE/HABITAT card and a SOLUTION card that represents the best match:

Combine the cards

Congratulations!

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Climate Action

DISCUSSION CARDS:Professions

Info

Ideally played after a previous contact with the Discussion Cards: Environmental Issues

Different cards will be presented: Issue, place/habitat, solution.

For each pair of Enviromental Issue and Solution, one or more Profession card(s) should be combined.

Check the profession description to help matching with issues and solutions.

During the discussion, other options that are not included in the cards can be proposed to the issue.

Ākonga might find there may be overlaps i.e. there is more than one profession to an issue. This is expected.

It is intended for them to gain a broader understanding about the complexity of environmental issues and related professions, and how everything is part of interrelated systems and communities.

Goal

Instructions

Discussion Cards

On the next pages you will find ISSUE cards and SOLUTION cards.And the goal is to match PROFESSION cards with the presented ISSUE/SOLUTION cards. The GLOSSARY information will be available for support.

Discussion Cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

SOLUTION

ISSUE

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Best correspondent cards:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

Combine the cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

ISSUE

SOLUTION

Best correspondent cards:

Combine the cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

ISSUE

SOLUTION

PLACE/HABITAT

Best correspondent cards:

Move a PLACE/HABITAT card here

Combine the cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

ISSUE

SOLUTION

Best correspondent cards:

Combine the cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

ISSUE

SOLUTION

Best correspondent cards:

Combine the cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

SOLUTION

ISSUE

Best correspondent cards:

Combine the cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

ISSUE

SOLUTION

Best correspondent cards:

Combine the cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

ISSUE

SOLUTION

Best correspondent cards:

Combine the cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

SOLUTION

ISSUE

Best correspondent cards:

Combine the cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

SOLUTION

ISSUE

Best correspondent cards:

Combine the cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

SOLUTION

ISSUE

Best correspondent cards:

Combine the cards

Move a PROFESSION card here

PROFESSION

PROFESSION cards: Click to zoom in, select the best match, click and drag to move above:

Evaluate the ISSUE and SOLUTION presented (click to zoom in) and move a PROFESSION card that provides the best match:

SOLUTION

ISSUE

Best correspondent cards:

Combine the cards

Congratulations!

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CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

Information that helps us understand and take care of our planet better, for example: information collected from satellites, weather stations, and sensors, like temperature, rainfall, and changes in the environment including Mātauranga Māori.

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

Oh no!

Retry

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

CO2 is also released from the ocean’s surface.

Methane is another very important greenhouse gas. It only makes up 0.00018% of the atmosphere but it is a very strong greenhouse gas. Methane is produced naturally by wetlands and by humans from landfills, agriculture, and fossil fuels. The largest sink for methane is reaction with other gases in the atmosphere.

We measure greenhouse gases by counting how much of these gases are in the air, and assess how much heat they can hold and what their long-term effect on the climate is.

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ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

EQUITABLE

Equitable means being fair and giving everyone an equal chance or opportunity. Equity recognizes people and places have different needs and resources to enable them to have the same opportunities on a level platform. It’s like giving people the right shoes for their size feet, instead of the same size for everyone.

All discussion cards activities are also available in a pdf format (printable).In case this is easier to facilitate the discussion, check the link below, with instructions and all cards:

Download

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

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ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

Some other small natural sources of CO2 into the atmosphere are volcanoes and weathering of rocks.

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

Oh no!

Retry

Oh no!

Retry

Climate change is also causing the ocean to get warmer meaning it can store less CO2.

Try again!

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

The longest running CO2 record in the world began in 1958. It was started by Charles Keeling of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)

A climate phenomenon characterized by the periodic warming of sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean equatorial zone, and the west coast of North and South America, influencing global weather patterns.

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

Try again!

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

Oh no!

Retry

Oh no!

Retry

https://www.nzagrc.org.nz/domestic/nitrous-oxide-research-programme/the-science-of-nitrous-oxide/

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent and long-lived greenhouse gas. In New Zealand, most nitrous oxide is produced by micro-organisms acting on nitrogen introduced to the soil via livestock urine or synthetic fertilisers.

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

Oh no!

Retry

Download here

Reducing carbon footprint means making choices that are less harmful for the planet.

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CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

POWERFUL

In the context of greenhouse gases, means that methane (CH4) has a stronger effect on the environment compared to carbon dioxide (CO2).

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

Try again!

EL NIÑO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO)

YES

Got it right?

We measure air pollutants based on how much of these harmful substances are in the air and how they affect us in the short term, like causing breathing problems or making the air look dirty.

The questions presented in this quiz are also part of a Kahoot quiz available online. Access to online quiz (Kahoot) using the link: https://tinyurl.com/CarbonCycleUCM • Open your Kahoot! and duplicate the "Carbon cycle – UCM: Drive it down!" Kahoot!. • Feel free to adapt questions as it suits. • Remember: Kahoot! account is free for teachers and students!

kahoot link

https://www.epa.gov/climatechange-science/basics-climate-change

Water vapor is another greenhouse gas and plays a key role in climate feedbacks because of its heat-trapping ability.

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YES

Got it right?

Oh no!

Retry

Download here

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

Oh no!

Retry

Download here

Try again!

PPM stands for "parts per million", and it's a unit used to measure very small concentrations of something in a solution or mixture, such as gases in the air.

DEFORESTATION

Cutting down a lot of trees in a forest (usually for farming in Aotearoa).

BIODIVERSITY

Variety of life on Earth, encompassing the diversity of species, ecosystems, and genetic variations within and among them. Examples: animals, plants, insects, sea life and humans.

Carbon emissions are what cause more carbon to build up in the atmosphere, which leads to global warming and climate change.

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Back

Try again!

Oh no!

Retry

Try again!

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

DEFORESTATION

Cutting down a lot of trees in a forest (usually for farming in Aotearoa).

BIODIVERSITY

Variety of life on Earth, encompassing the diversity of species, ecosystems, and genetic variations within and among them. Examples: animals, plants, insects, sea life and humans.

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

People are adding carbon into the atmosphere faster than it can be removed.

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Retry

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

Try again!

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

Try again!

EQUITABLE

Different greenhouse gases (GHGs) are measured in CO2e: equivalent amount of CO2 calculated on the basis of the global warming potential index (GWP).

Forests and soils have a role in the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.

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ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

Oh no!

Retry

EQUITABLE

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

Oh no!

Retry

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

Download here

Drive it down! Measuring and mitigating school-gate transport emissions

For more information about the pilot project, check the website:

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (blue line) has increased along with human emissions (gray line) since the start of the Industrial Revolution in 1750. NOAA Climate.gov graph, adapted from original by Dr. Howard Diamond (NOAA ARL). Atmospheric CO2 data from NOAA and ETHZ. CO2 emissions data from Our World in Data and the Global Carbon Project.

Human activities, like burning fossil fuels (coal, oil, and gas), deforestation, and industrial processes, release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

Reference

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

Oh no!

Retry

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

EQUITABLE

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

kahoot link

Try again!

Use the interactive pen on the right side of the screen (top), or use regular paper, pen/pencil. The interactive pen will leave a temporary mark on your screen. To turn it on/off, just click on the pen. The idea is only to link the correspondent words. You have 30 seconds to match the words. After that, the solution will automatically appear on the screen. This is a simple word matching, repeat it to learn the words.

INSTRUCTIONS

EQUITABLE

Check the Carbon Cycle module for more info.

Carbon moves around the Earth between these different forms through the ‘carbon cycle’. The carbon cycle contains movement of carbon, in the form of CO2, into and out of the atmosphere.

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

Try again!

For each card with underlined words, the glossary information will be available.

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

Air pollutants are measured to account for their direct harm to health and the environment, while greenhouse gases are measured to account for their long-term effect on the planet's climate.

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EQUITABLE

Scientific publication here

This data helps verify emissions estimates and supports emissions reduction policies for Auckland's net-zero goal by 2050. It can also guide urban planning and help other cities in New Zealand access similar data for better emission management.

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

Download here

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

https://www.nzagrc.org.nz/domestic/methane-research-programme/the-science-of-methane/

Methane is a potent but relatively short-lived greenhouse gas. In New Zealand, most methane is emitted from the digestive systems of ruminant livestock such as cattle and sheep.

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ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

Try again!

All discussion cards activities are also available in a pdf format (printable).In case this is easier to facilitate the discussion, check the link below, with instructions and all cards:

Download

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

Oh no!

Retry

Are you sure you want to exit?

You will lose all your progress

Climate change will cause more wildfires, floods, droughts, and landslides due to heavy rain.

EQUITABLE

Download here

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

For each card with underlined words, the glossary information will be available.

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

EQUITABLE

Download here

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

YES

Got it right?

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

kahoot link

Try again!

Carbon dioxide is also the reference for the global warming potential (GWP).

kahoot link

EQUITABLE

Check the Sinks and Sources module for more information.

Greenhouse gases are important for supporting life on Earth, but it is crucial that the sources and sinks are in balance.

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You will lose all your progress

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

EQUITABLE

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

https://www.gns.cri.nz/research-projects/carbonwatch-urban/

Carbon dioxide from urban fossil fuel burning is responsible for 40% of Aotearoa’s gross carbon emissions.

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Check for more info: https://niwa.co.nz/atmosphere/carbon-dioxide

CarbonWatch NZ is an internationally-recognised research programme that will enable New Zealand to make the right decisions for a zero carbon future. CarbonWatch NZ combines measurements of greenhouse gases in the air above New Zealand with models that tell where those gases have come from.

Visit the website

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ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

Oh no!

Retry

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

EARTH SYSTEM DATA

Oh no!

Retry

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

Each method has its own advantages and is chosen based on where it's being measured and how accurate the results need to be.

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

As climate change makes the earth warmer there are more forest fires which releases carbon back into the atmosphere as CO2.

Try again!

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

These gases come from things like driving cars, using electricity, buying goods, and even eating certain foods. The more we do things that release these gases, the bigger our carbon footprint.

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

As humans have burnt fossil fuels, more and more carbon has been added to the atmosphere and oceans, instead of being stored deep underground.

Try again!

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

Oh no!

Retry

SEQUESTER(ING) CARBON

Finding clever ways to trap and store carbon dioxide to help the Earth stay healthy. Examples: plants sequester (absorb and store) carbon dioxide through photosynthesis.

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

Tools or ideas that people create to solve problems or make life better in new and exciting ways.

Try again!

Download here

CLIMATE ADAPTATION

Making adjustments to how we live to better deal with the changes in weather and climate.

INFRASTRUCTURE

The support system for a city or town, including things like roads, bridges, water and wastewater systems that helps everything work smoothly.

Oh no!

Retry

GNS Science Te Pū Ao is leading research to map urban carbon dioxide sources and sinks for every town and city in Aotearoa, providing vital information to support the transition to a low-carbon economy and help Aotearoa meet our net-zero 2050 target. Understanding how much carbon dioxide is released by our cities and how much is absorbed by urban green spaces is key for effective mitigation policies.

Visit the website

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

Download here

POWERFUL

In the context of greenhouse gases, means that methane (CH4) has a stronger effect on the environment compared to carbon dioxide (CO2).

EQUITABLE

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Retry

Download here

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EQUITABLE

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The higher the concentration of carbon in the air, the more heat it traps, which makes the planet warmer.

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

ECOFRIENDLY

Being kind to the Earth by using things that don't harm the environment, like recycling, saving energy, and taking care of nature. Kaitiakitanga in Te Ao Māori.

FOSTER

To help something grow, like taking care of plants or animals to make them healthy and strong.

ACIDIFICATION

When the water becomes more acidic. In oceans, CO2 absorption increases acidification, harming sea creatures like corals and shells.

Oh no!

You failed

Retry

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

Download here

https://www.epa.gov/climatechange-science/basics-climate-change

F-gases are man-made gases often used in coolants, foaming agents, fire extinguishers, solvents, pesticides, and aerosol propellants. They are powerful greenhouse gases.

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

Oh no!

Retry

COASTAL RESILIENCE

Making sure our shores are strong and prepared for challenges like storms and rising sea levels. Examples: Seawalls and groynes

GLACIER

A giant thick mass of ice accumulated over a long period of time. Examples: Fox Glacier in Westland

Carbon cycle interactive

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Transcript

The Carbon Cycle and Climate Change

intro

Kuputaka

Activities

Video

Additional Resources

Authors

Climate Action

Measuring CO2

Sinks and Sources

Urban Carbon Cycle

Global Carbon Cycle

GreenhouseGases

Climate Change

content

Test your knowledge

How does climate change affect the planet?

What is Climate Change?

climate change

climate change

Climate change refers to long-term changes in the Earth's climate, especially the increase in the average temperature of the planet.

What is Climate Change?

climate change

Climate change affects the planet in many ways. Due to changes in global temperature, extreme events are more likely to happen. Such events can also affect food and water supplies. People can get sick with more diseases and have heat-related illnesses.

How does climate change affect the planet?

Click to play:

After the activities, click home to choose your next topic

Climate Change Bonus Quiz

Climate ChangeQuiz

climate change

Test your knowledge

Why is the Earth warming?

Test your knowledge

What is Carbon Footprint?

What is Carbon?

What is the difference between air pollutants and greenhouse gases?

What are greenhouse gases?

greenhouse gases

The atmosphere is a jacket of gases that surround our planet. It is made of:Nitrogen (N2) - 78.1 % Oxygen (O2) - 20.9 % Argon (Ar) - 0.9 % Carbon dioxide (CO2) - 0.04 % And the rest is made of very small amounts of other gases including water vapor.

greenhouse gas

The atmosphere

greenhouse gas

Greenhouse gases (GHG) are gases in the Earth’s atmosphere that trap heat reflected from the Earth's surface. (like how heat is trapped in a greenhouse) We need some greenhouse gases to survive, without them the earth would be -19°C, which is about the same temperature as your freezer!

What are Greenhouse Gases?

Why is the Earth warming?

greenhouse gas

click on the molecules for more info

methane carbon dioxide water vapour nitrous oxide fluorinated gases

greenhouse gas

There are a number of gases that contribute to global warming, some of these are:

Why is the Earth warming?

Greenhouse gases trap heat in the atmosphere, which causes the planet to warm up over time.

Air pollutants can harm our health and the environment.

greenhouse gas

What is the difference between air pollutants and greenhouse gases?

Air pollutants are tracked for their immediate harm to health, while greenhouse gases are measured to account for their potential to change the Earth’s climate over time. The way we look at air pollutants and greenhouse gases is different because they affect the Earth in different ways.

greenhouse gas

What is the difference between air pollutants and greenhouse gases?

greenhouse gas

What is Carbon?

Learn more about the carbon cycle in the Global and Urban Carbon Cycle modules.

greenhouse gas

What is CO2?