Endomembrane System Project

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The Endomembrane System is an interconnected network of organelles that shows the creation and transport of different materials. Throught this breakout room, you will observe how proteins, specifically an enzyme, is created a moved around the cell to perform its functions. Have fun!

Endomembrane System Breakout By: Akshaya and Abia

INTRODUCTION

03 Correct image

Reward

02 Find!

01 Quiz

Introduction

Collect all the numbers by completing each of the challenges, and enter them in order in the final section to finish the game.

Index

Complete the following quiz, and getthe first number towards your reward!

QUIZ

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RIbosomes

Nuclear Envelope

Vacuole

1. The Endomembrane System starts its journey from the nucleolus, a spherical structure located inside the cell's nucleus, and produces _____ .

question 1/5

QUIZ

Explanation:Ribosomes are small organelles, that uses the RNA (genetic information found in the nucleoulus) to fold and assemble amino acids into functional proteins.

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QUIZ

Plasma MembraneNuclear Envelope

NucleusCytoskeleton

NucleusNuclear Envelope

Then, these ribosomes travel to outside the nucleolus, passing through the _____ and exiting through the _____ .

question 2/5

Explanation:The ribosomes are located in the nucleolus. The nucleolus is the innermost sphere of the nucleus' stucture. The nucleus is where all the instructions the cell needs are located. This is also where the DNA is stored to turn the ribosomes into the correct polypeptide.The outermost end of the nucleus' structure is the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope is a thin layer surrounding the nucleus that has pores, which are able to let materials (like ribosomes) in and out of the nucleus.

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QUIZ

Protein

Golgi Apparatus

Rough ER

Next, these ribosomes attach themselves to the structure located just outside the nucleus called _____ .

QUESTION 3/5

Explanation:The rough ER is covered with ribosomes. The ribosomal attachment to the ER is what makes it rough. The rough ER is where the proteins are created and synthesized for the rest of the cell.

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QUIZ

RibosomeLysosome

Nucleus Polypeptide (protein)

NucleusNuclear Envelope

The rough ER reads the genetic information from the _____ to assemble a _____ .

QUESTION 4/5

Explanation: The nucleus contains genetic information and instructions for the functions of the cell and the rough ER helps to decode and synthesize that information into a polypeptide protein.

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Vocab Trivia

• small sack
• holds materials

• small units
• e.g. glucose

• large chains
• e.g. starch

Which of the following characteristics belong to the word "Monomer":

QUESTION 1/3

Explanation:Monomers are small units that bond together to form long chains called polymers.An example is a protein's monomer, amino acids, which can be found in nuts and meat. In the endomembrane system, the monomer, an amino acid, is found in the ribosomes and use DNA found in the nucleus to turn into the appropriate polypeptide needed for a fuction.

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To transport materials around the cell.

To make reactions occur quicker.

Store genetic information of the cell.

What is the function of an enzyme?

QUESTION 2/3

Explanation:Enzymes are specialized reusable proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in cells by lowering the activation energy required to start the reaction. This means that enzymes speed up chemical reaction processes. In the endomembrane system, the monomer follows DNA to turn into the appropriate enzyme which is later tagged and sorted and sent out to perform their function.

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QUIZ

Layer of phospholipids

Singular circular chromosome

2 or more X-shaped chromosomes

What is the structure of DNA in eukaryotes?

QUESTION 3/3

Explanation:DNA is located inside of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells structured in multiple X-shaped chromosomes. The DNA contains all the genetic information that decides the cell's function, appearance, and what proteins it creates. DNA is what determines what proteins should be created and synthesized during the endomembrane system. DNA is also what decides the function of the enzymes created during this process.

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QUIZ

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From among all the statements you discover,click only on the correct ones

FIND!

Cytoskeleton

Cytoplasm

Plasma Membrane

Cytosol

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The Vesicle travels along what in order to reach the Golgi Apparatus?

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Correct! The Vesicle filled with the polypeptide travels along the cytoskeleton to reach the Golgi Apparatus. The cytoskeleton is a network of protein microtubules located in the cytosol throughout the cell. It provides structure and shape, but most importantly, it allows materials in vesicles to move around the cell.

Correct!

Long strands

Pockets/Sacks

Folded nextwork of lipids

Layer of phospholipids

Thin layer with pores

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What is the structure of vesicles like?

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Correct! Vesicles are small sacks that move around the cell to transport different materials to their designated places. Vesicles carrying enzymes in the endomembrane system carry the protein to the Golgi apparatus to get tagged and then release them into the cytosol.

Correct!

To synthesize and create proteins

To tag, sort, and deliver protiens.

To provide instuctions to turn ribosomes into proteins.

To fold RNA into ribosomes.

To store water, salts, carbohydrates, proteins, and waste.

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What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

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Correct! The Golgi Apparatus takes in the proteins brought by the vesicle and sorts and tags them to be delivered to the right spot. In the case of enzymes, the Golgi Apparatus tags the enzymes so that they should be let out into the cytosol by the vesicles.

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What does the vesicle release into the cytosol?

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The Vesicle releases the enzyme into the cytosol, which is the gel-like substance inside the cell. This is where the enzyme is sent to perform its function.

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From there, where are the enztme products sent?

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The enzyme products are then sent to the vacuole. The vacuole is a fluid filled organelle that stores water, salts, carbohydrates, proteins, or waste. The reaction products are stored in here so they can be reused multiple times when needed.

Correct

The enzyme goes to the lysosome immediately after it goes to the vacuole.

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Eventually, the enzyme degenerates. Once it degenerates, the enzyme goes to the lysosomes, organelles that digest and break down anything the cell needs, where it is recycled to help the lysosome perform its function, but his doesn't occur until the enzyme is used a few times.

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Which of the following is similar to the functions a lysosome does?

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The lysosomes's function is to digest and break down anything the cell needs, it also gets rid of all the unnecessary waste the cell doesn't need anymore. Very much similar to a trash can which also gets rid of all the waste we do not need anymore. The closet on the other hand, stores stuff for the cell to use in the future, much like the vacuole.

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