Batteries Mind Map

Chemical Energy

Batteries VS Cells

Types

Energy Source

How they work

Composition

Usage

Uses

Cells

Differences

Types

Impact

How they work

Challenges

Uses

Opinion

Recycling

Batteries

First , what is a cell ?

Definition: Cells are the smallest electrochemical unit that generates electrical energy by converting chemical energy.

Types of cells :

: Primary Cells: Single-use, including alkaline and lithium cells, commonly used in day-to-day electronics. Secondary Cells: Rechargeable, e.g., lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride cells, used in portable devices. Reserve Cells: One-time use with inactive electrolytes until activation. Examples: thermal, electrolyte-activated, water-activated, and gas-activated cells, often used in military applications. Fuel Cells: Convert external active material (like hydrogen) to electricity, primarily used in space applications and electric vehicles.

We believe that..

Enhanced recycling infrastructure and technology are essential to make recycling efficient, environmentally beneficial, and aligned with sustainable development goals.

How They work

Chemical Reaction: Converts chemical to electrical energy. Components: Anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separator.

BATTERY CELL

◊Often used in high-demand, specialized applications.

◊Found in everyday electronics for sustained power.

BATTERY CELL

◊ Collection of cells to enhance voltage and capacity.

◊Single electrochemical unit.

Working Mechanism:

Energy storage: Uninterrupted power supplies (UPS) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) Portable electronics: Phones, laptops, electric vehicles and backup powers

They have a consequent environmental impact..

On the one hand, batteries and cells contain metals and chemicals (e.g., lithium, cobalt, nickel) that can harm soil and water if not properly disposed of. On the other hand, recycling reduces the demand for raw materials, mitigates environmental pollution, and repurposes valuable metals.

Sorting and processing different battery types are complex and costly, often needing specialized facilities.

BATTERY CELL

◊ Generates electricity directly from a chemical reaction or fuel source.

◊ Stores energy pre-supplied or charged.

How do batteries work ?

Multiple Mechanism: Connected to provide higher voltage or capacity Rechargeability: Rechargeable batteries allow energy input to reverse chemical reactions.

• Alkaline(Zn/Alkaline/MnO₂): Moderate cost, high performance, commonly used in regular electronic items. • Magnesium (Mg/MnO₂): High capacity, long shelf life; used in military and aircraft radio. • Mercury (Zn/HgO): High capacity, long shelf life; found in medical devices like hearing aids. • Lithium Variants: High energy density; includes solid cathode, soluble cathode, and solid electrolyte types. • Silver/Zinc (Zn/Ag₂O): Highest capacity, flat discharge, used in hearing aids and photography..

There are two types of batteries :Primary Batteries (Non-Rechargeable) and Secondary Batteries (Rechargeable):

• Lead-Acid Batteries: Automotive use, e.g., starting, lighting, and ignition. • Lithium-Ion Batteries: Common in consumer electronics (phones, laptops) and electric vehicles. • Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH): Found in hybrid vehicles and power tools.

Reserve and Fuel Cells: Military, space applications, electric vehicles, emergency power.

Uses :

Primary and Secondary Cells: Small electronics like watches, remotes, calculators.