Preschool

Preschool Child

Start

Preschooler: 3 to 5 years of age

Toilet Training

Physical Growth

Sleep

Teeth

Vital signs

Preschooler

NCLEX Quetsion

The school nurse has notified the parent of a 5 year old who has been incontinent multiple times at preschool in the past 2 days. What statement by the nurse is most appropriate in this situation?

1. “ I recommend you taking your child to the pediatrician to be evaluated for a UTI”
2. “ Your child is not toilet trained and should where pull ups while at school”.
3. “When did your child stop wetting the bed?”
4. “Your child’s urinary tract system is developmentally delayed.”

Cognitive Changes

• Recognition of cause-and-effect relationships
• Language continues to develop.

Psychosocial Changes

• Increased social interaction
• Magical Thinking

PLAY

• Parallel to associative
• At 4 years, play in groups of two or three
• At 5 years the group has a temporary leader for each activity.

Preschooler: 3 to 5 years of age

Education

Health Promotion

Nutrition

Sleep

Communicable Diseases

Parental example is most important!

Heatlh Risks

Children need to learn about safety

Transitional Object

A physical item that provides psychological comfort and reassurance, especially in unusual or unique situations:

• Examples: Blankets, stuffed animals, medals, and gifts
• Benefits: Help children feel at home, sleep, and feel comforted when they are upset or separated from a caregiver
• Importance: Play an essential role in a child's emotional support system and help them make the transition from dependence to independence

The End

Sleep

• 12 hours a night and infrequently takes daytime naps
• Waking during the night is common
• Continue consisten routine

Erikson's Theory

Initiative vs. Guilt

Initiative Children develop initiative when they are able to explore, make decisions, and initiate activities without being criticized or controlled.

Guilt Children develop guilt when they are criticized or controlled for their attempts at initiative. They may feel that their efforts are wrong or that they are "bad" people.

Language

• Use full sentences and avoid baby talk.
• Comprehend and tell stories
• Can explain a concept as they heard it described by others, but their understanding is limited.
• Tell fibs/ lies to avoid punishment

EgocentricThe tendency to be overly focused on oneself and one's own needs and feelings, often at the expense of others.

• Growth slows but continues.
• Gross- and fine-motor movements continue to develop.
• Drawing
• Dressing

Teeth

• Dental care is essential to preserve these temporary teeth and to teach good dental habits
• Trauma is common
• Preserve the tooth if permanent (later stage, early school-aged)

Sleep Patterns

• Wakes frequently at night

Magical Thinking

Thinking that one's thoughts by themselves can bring about effects in the world or that thinking something corresponds with doing it.

Sex Education

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• Find out what they already know
• Be honest

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Masturbation

• parent education and reassurance
• redirection of the child to other activities
• discussion with the child regarding appropriate boundaries
• done in a private setting

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Nutrition

• Preschool-Age Children Enjoy Helping Adults and Are More Likely to Try New Foods If They Can Assist in the Preparation.
• The quality is much more important than the quantity

Prevent the Spread

• Chickenpox
• Diptheria
• Erythemia Infectiosum (5th disease)
• Roseola Infantum
• Mumps
• Measles
• Pertussis
• Rubella
• Poliomyelitis
• Conjunctivitis
• Stomotitis

Table 33.3 pg 886

Toilet Training

Should be fully toilet trained by end of this stage. If not, investigate. Tips for potty training

• Establish a routine
• Make it fun
• Praise your chile
• Be patient
• Involve other caregivers