Assignment Two By Kelsey Scanlon

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Kelsey Scanlon PSY-291-001

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summary

• ADHD is a chronic brain condition that affects a person's ability to manage their behavior and pay attention.
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders affecting children. Symptoms of ADHD include inattention (not being able to keep focus), hyperactivity (excess movement that is not fitting to the setting) and impulsivity (hasty acts that occur in the moment without thought). (Psychiatry)

Index

What is ADHD?

How is it classified in the DSM-5?

What are there symptoms?

How is severity of ADHD according to the DSM-5 ?

Summary

Treatments

Coping Mechanisms

Organizations

Conclusions

Closure

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Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

What is ADHD?

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and most studied neurodevelopmental disorders in children. “Neuro” means nerves. Scientists have discovered there are differences in the brains, nerve networks and neurotransmitters of people with ADHD.(Clevland Clinc)

The visual interpretations is describes how people who have ADHD feels like on a daily basis. The one they relate to the most is the brain image. They feel like there brain can not shut off.

How is it classified in the DSM-5?

• The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) classifies mental disorders into categories based on shared characteristics.
• As in its predecessor, ADHD is placed within the manual's chapter “Neurodevelopmental Disorders”. According to the DSM-5-TR neurodevelopmental disorders “are characterized by developmental deficits or differences in brain processes that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning”

DSM-5 added “current severity” to diagnosis of ADHD based on number of symptoms and degree of functional impairment. Mild: Few symptoms beyond the required number for diagnosis, and symptoms result in minor impairment. Moderate: Symptoms or impairment between “mild” and “severe.” (Chop)

‪@LearnMyTest‬ Covers ADHD in this new episode series covering abnormal psychology and most of the conditions in the DSM-5.

How is severity of ADHD according to the DSM-5 ?

Dsm-5 Video on ADHD

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Symptoms

Also Common

Cognitive

Behavioral

What are the Symptoms of ADHD?

• The main signs of hyperactivity and impulsiveness are:
• being unable to sit still, especially in calm or quiet surroundings.
• constantly fidgeting.
• being unable to concentrate on tasks.
• excessive physical movement.
• excessive talking.
• being unable to wait their turn.
• acting without thinking.
• interrupting conversations (Mayo Foundation)

Moods

1. Medications

3. Working on Relationships

2. Psycholigical Counseling

4. Self- Care

Treatments

Standard treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults generally encompass medication, educational support, skills training, and psychological counseling. A combination of these approaches is frequently the most effective form of treatment. While these interventions can assist in managing numerous symptoms associated with ADHD, it is important to note that they do not provide a cure. (Mayo Clinic)

Coping Mechanisms

ADHD Coping Mechabisms

As an ADHD coping skill, she recommends creating new habits around time management and focus, such as: focusing on one task at a time. breaking complex projects into smaller parts. using reminders and alarms to manage time. (Help Guide)

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Organizations

• Here is a list of Organizations that help people with ADHD and they even have Support Groups:
• American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
• Attention Deficit Disorder Association
• American Psychological Association
• CHADD( Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
• Natational Instatute of Mental Health

Key Takeawaysof ADHD Disorder

ADHD is a common condition that makes it hard to focus, keep still, and think before acting. Some people with ADHD mainly have trouble with focus. (This is also known as ADD.) ADHD can also impact other skills, including managing emotions.

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Citations

• 10 coping mechanisms for thriving with adult ADHD. (n.d.-a). https://www.healthcentral.com/article/10-coping-mechanisms-for-thriving-with-adult-adhd
• Adult ADHD and relationships. HelpGuide.org. (2024, August 28). https://www.helpguide.org/mental-health/adhd/adult-adhd-and-relationships
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4784-attention-deficithyperactivity-disorder-adhd
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnostic criteria. (n.d.-b). https://www.research.chop.edu/sites/default/files/2020-12/ADHD_Diagnostic_Criteria.pdf
• Hasan, S. (Ed.). (2022, May). Therapy for ADHD (for teens) | nemours kidshealth. KidsHealth. https://kidshealth.org/en/teens/adhd-therapy.html#:~:text=In%20ADHD%20therapy%2C%20people%20learn,get%20along%20better%20with%20others.

Citations

• Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. (2023, January 25). Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adult-adhd/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20350883#:~:text=and%20certain%20medications-,Treatment,they%20don’t%20cure%20it.
• Team, T. U. (n.d.). What is ADHD?. Understood. https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-adhd
• What is ADHD?. Psychiatry.org - What is ADHD? (n.d.). https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/adhd/what-is-adhd#:~:text=Attention%2Ddeficit%2Fhyperactivity%20disorder%20(ADHD)%20is%20one%20of,in%20the%20moment%20without%20thought).
• YouTube. (n.d.-a). https://youtu.be/Yj-qZrJgS7E
• YouTube. (n.d.-b). https://youtu.be/Iq0jF9-c1vw

Thank you so much for your time and I hope you learned a lot!

The End!!!

ADHD is a long-term (chronic) brain condition that causes executive dysfunction, which means it disrupts a person’s ability to manage their own emotions, thoughts and actions. ( Clevland Clinic)

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The Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) outlines the criteria used to make a diagnosis of ADHD. For children to be diagnosed with ADHD, the following conditions must be met: 1. Six or more symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity were present for the past six months. 2. Enough symptoms are present in two or more settings (e.g., at school and home). 3. Symptoms interfere with or reduce the quality of social, school, or work functioning. (Chop)

Behavioral: aggression, excitability, fidgeting, hyperactivity, impulsivity, irritability, lack of restraint, or persistent repetition of words or actions

Self-care techniques to cope with ADHD include: 1. Having a healthy diet. 2.Getting enough quality sleep. 3.Reducing clutter in one's home. 4.Creating and following a daily schedule. 5.Limit distractions in a way that allows one to concentrate more on productivity.

Also common: depression or learning disability

• Some medications:
• Methylphenidate
• Atomoxetine
• Daytrana
• Burpropion
• Evekeo
• Coffee

Mood: anger, anxiety, boredom, excitement, or mood swings

In ADHD therapy, people learn by doing. A therapist will share activities and ideas that focus on building the skills the person needs. Therapists can teach study skills, emotion skills, or attention skills, such as mindful breathing. They can teach social skills to help people get along better with others. They can teach skills to cope with anxiety. People practice the skills they learn.

Cognitive: absent-mindedness, difficulty focusing, forgetfulness, problem paying attention, or short attention span

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The use of caffeen has been proven to help people cope with ADHD. Based on current research, caffeine might help with improving certain symptoms of ADHD in adults by increasing focus, alertness, and motivation. However, there isn't enough evidence to recommend caffeine as a treatment for adult ADHD. There's also a risk of interaction between caffeine and stimulant medications.

• Support Groups:
• CHADD
• A nonprofit organization that offers local support groups, called Affiliates, for children, young adults, and adults. You can use the CHADD website to search by state to find a local group

• ADDitude Magazine
• An online magazine that offers news, advice, and resources for people with ADHD, their families, and loved ones. ADDitude also has an online directory to help find support groups and healthcare professionals.

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• ADHD is a biological condition that can impact focus, organization, and self-control.
• ADHD is not a problem of laziness or willpower.
• With the right support, people with ADHD can thrive.