NRMS Thermal & Kinetic Energy Breakout

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D. The spoon will heat up because thermal energy will be transferred between the hot cocoa and the spoon as radiation.

B. The spoon will get colder because thermal energy will be transferred from the spoon to the hot cocoa through convection when particles move.

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Question 1

A student places a metal spoon at room temperature in a cup of hot cocoa. Which is the best prediction for what happens to the temperature of the spoon and how energy is transferred?

A. The spoon will get colder because thermal energy will be transferred from the spoon to the hot cocoa through conduction when particles collide.

C. The spoon will heat up because thermal energy will be transferred from the hot cocoa to the spoon through conduction when particles collide.

D. weight; radiation

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Question 2

Marta wants to investigate how energy is transferred in the oceans. She has a tub filled with cold water and adds thermal energy to the bottom on one side. In order to determine how energy is transferred, she should measure the ________ of the water at different locations in the tub because thermal energy is transferred through __________.

A. mass; radiation

B. temperature; convection

C. volume; conduction

D. Conduction. The particles in the liquid move freely, so when it is heated they rise and then drop as they cool. This results in thermal energy transfer.

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Question 3

A student performed an investigation using a container of water with a heat source underneath. He measured the temperature of the water at various locations and created the model in the picture based on his results. What do the arrows show?

B. Convection currents. The particles in the liquid touch other particles and cause thermal energy to be transferred without particle movement.

C. Radiation. The particles in the liquid absorb energy and then release this energy in all directions.

A. Convection currents. The particles in the liquid move freely, so when the liquid is heated, it rises, cools, and begins to sink again. This results in thermal energy transfer.

C. The different colors absorb different amounts of energy that is conducted from the heat lamp to the materials.

B. The different colors absorb the same amount of radiation from the heat lamp.

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José is investigating how color affects the transfer of thermal energy. He took three containers that were identical except for their color, and he put a thermometer inside each container. Then, he placed each container in front of a heat lamp. After 30 minutes, José checked the thermometers and found that each container had reached a different temperature. What do these results indicate about the way energy was transferred in each container?

Question 4

D. The different colors absorb different amounts of radiation from the heat lamp.

A. The different colors absorb the same amount of energy that is conducted from the heat lamp to the materials.

c. the total thermal energy of an object

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Question 5

Which of the following best describes an object’s temperature?

b. the number of degrees measured on a thermometer

d. the thermal energy of an object divided by its volume

a. the average kinetic energy of the particles in the object

CONTINUE

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Room 1

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Room 1

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B. Add ice into the water, because when a solid and a liquid mix, the kinetic energy of particles increases.

C. Decrease the amount of water in the glass, because decreasing the amount of a substance concentrates the kinetic energy.

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Question 1

1. Which of the following explains how someone could increase the average kinetic energy of particles within a glass of water?

A. Increase the amount of water in the glass, because increasing the amount of a substance increases the kinetic energy of the particles.

D. Heat the water in a microwave, because as temperature increases, the kinetic energy of particles increases.

B. The particles would spread out more because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have less kinetic energy.

C. The particles would move faster because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have more kinetic energy.

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Question 2

What would you expect to happen to the gas inside a sealed container when the temperature drops, and why?

A. The particles would spread out more because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have more kinetic energy.

D. The particles would move more slowly because decreasing the temperature causes the particles to have less kinetic energy.

D. Measure the temperature in the food when it is taken out of the refrigerator at various time intervals. The cold food will likely lose thermal energy to the warmer air and increase in temperature until it is the same temperature as the air.

B. Measure the temperature of the refrigerator and the air, and time how long the food is out of the refrigerator for. The cold food will likely gain thermal energy from the warmer air and increase in temperature until it is a little warmer than the air.

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Question 3

Peter is investigating how thermal energy is transferred when he takes food out of the refrigerator. Which statement describes how he could collect data to explain this and what the expected result would be?

C. After taking the food out of the refrigerator, measure the temperature of the food at even time intervals. The cold food will likely gain thermal energy from the warmer air and increase in temperature until it is the same temperature as the air.

A. Measure how long it takes the food to reach the same temperature as the interior of the refrigerator. The food will likely gain thermal energy from the cold refrigerator and decrease in temperature until it is the same temperature as the refrigerator.

D. radiation; conduction; convection

A. conduction; convection; radiation

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Question 4

4. A lightbulb causing a lampshade to get hot is an example of __________. The ocean transferring thermal energy from place to place is an example of _________. Getting out of bed and leaving the spot you were laying warm is an example of _________. Which terms, in order of appearance, best complete the sentences?

B. convection; conduction; radiation

C. radiation; convection; conduction

D. lost; convection

B. gained; conduction

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Question 5

Amari wanted to see how the temperature of her coffee is affected by the cool air in her car when she uses different types of mugs. To investigate this, she filled a coffee mug and a thermos with some hot coffee and left it in her car while at school. When she checked them after school, she realized both coffees had _______ thermal energy. She concluded that the material the mugs were made of allowed energy to be transferred through them through _______. Which terms best complete the paragraph?

C. lost; conduction

A. gained; radiation

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CONTINUE

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Room 2

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Room 2

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C. surface; more; conduction

B. bottom; less; convection

D. surface; less; convection

A. bottom; more; conduction

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Question 1

Arthur is investigating how energy is transferred when his bowl of soup cools down. He measures the temperature of the soup near the surface and also at the bottom of the bowl, as shown in the image. Over the course of the 5 minutes, the soup near the _____ lost more thermal energy. The particles of soup near the surface have _____ kinetic energy than the particles near the bottom. If thermal energy transfers from the bottom of the soup towards the surface, it is transferred through the process of _______.

D. air; less; conduction

C. air; more; convection

A. water; more; conduction

B. water; less; convection

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Question 2

Vaseal wonders if an ice cube will melt faster in water or in air. He conducts an experiment with a setup like the image. He timed how long it took each ice cube to melt and the water to reach room temperature, and found that the ice in the ____ melted the fastest. This is because there are ____ molecules that transfer thermal energy into the ice through ____.

Heat can be transferred by the sun, from an iron to clothes, and from steam from a hot drink heating the air.

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Question 3

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Question 4

A teacher asks her class to brainstorm investigations that would help them better understand the different ways thermal energy is transferred. The class created a list of investigations they wanted to perform. 1. Using a heat lamp on different colored surfaces. 2. Putting different metal blocks in cold water. 3. Seeing how long it takes hot air to move across a room. 4. Using a hot pan to melt different substances. Read each investigation description.

A. less; more massive

B. less; moving faster

D. more; moving faster

C. more; more massive

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Question 5

A woman is walking along a beach and notices that the sand in the sun is much hotter than the sand in the shade. This means the particles that make up the sand in the sun have kinetic energy than the particles in the sand in the shade, so they are .

CONTINUE

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Room 3

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Room 3

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The final room contains our most valuable art piece! You're almost there!

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Main hall

A group of students is trying to determine how different materials absorb and release thermal energy. They conduct an experiment in which they place different room-temperature substances into separate beakers containing 100 g of water at 90°C, and measure how much the temperature of the water changes every minute for 4 minutes. The data table below summarizes their results.

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Question 1

Which substance absorbed the most thermal energy from the water over the course of the experiment?

Rock

Copper Metal

Plastic

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D. The substance that caused the temperature of the water to change the least absorbed the most thermal energy from the water.

A group of students is trying to determine how different materials absorb and release thermal energy. They conduct an experiment in which they place different room-temperature substances into separate beakers containing 100 g of water at 90°C, and measure how much the temperature of the water changes every minute for 4 minutes. The data table below summarizes their results.

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Question 2

Which statement best describes how the data can be used as evidence to determine which substance absorbed the most thermal energy from the water?

B. The substance that caused the temperature of the water to decrease the most absorbed the most thermal energy from the water.

A. The substance that reached thermal equilibrium with the water absorbed the most thermal energy from the water.

C. The substance that had the most gradual decrease in temperature absorbed the most thermal energy from the water.

D. The water particles gained energy, which caused them to slow down and lowered the temperature of the water.

B. The water particles lost energy, which caused them to slow down and lowered the temperature of the water.

A. The water particles lost kinetic energy, which caused them to move faster and lowered the temperature of the water.

C. The water particles gained energy, which caused them to move faster and lowered the temperature of the water.

A group of students is trying to determine how different materials absorb and release thermal energy. They conduct an experiment in which they place different room-temperature substances into separate beakers containing 100 g of water at 90°C, and measure how much the temperature of the water changes every minute for 4 minutes. The data table below summarizes their results.

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Question 3

How did the particles in the water change over the course of the investigation?

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B. Convection

A group of students is trying to determine how different materials absorb and release thermal energy. They conduct an experiment in which they place different room-temperature substances into separate beakers containing 100 g of water at 90°C, and measure how much the temperature of the water changes every minute for 4 minutes. The data table below summarizes their results.

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Question 4

When the copper is added to the water, thermal energy between the copper and the water is transferred through .

A. Evaporation

C. Conduction

D. Radiation

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D. A larger mass of plastic would result in more thermal energy being transferred from the water. This would cause the recorded temperatures of the water to be lower than if they had used 30 g of plastic.

B. A smaller mass of plastic would result in more thermal energy being transferred from the water. This would cause the recorded temperatures of the water to be higher than if they had used 30 g of plastic.

A. A smaller mass of plastic would result in less thermal energy being transferred from the water. This would cause the recorded temperatures of the water to be higher than if they had used 30 g of plastic.

C. A larger mass of plastic would result in less thermal energy being transferred from the water. This would cause the recorded temperatures of the water to be lower than if they had used 30 g of plastic.

A group of students is trying to determine how different materials absorb and release thermal energy. They conduct an experiment in which they place different room-temperature substances into separate beakers containing 100 g of water at 90°C, and measure how much the temperature of the water changes every minute for 4 minutes. The data table below summarizes their results.

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Question 5

Which option is a limitation of this investigation when answering the question, “which type of material transfers the most thermal energy from the water?”

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You have found all the artworks!

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CONTINUE

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You have recovered all the museum's works.

Congratulations!

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You have lost a piece of the museum!

You have lost a piece of the museum!

You have lost a piece of the museum!

You have lost a piece of the museum!

You have lost a piece of the museum!

You have lost a piece of the museum!

You have lost a piece of the museum!

You have lost a piece of the museum!

You have lost a piece of the museum!

You have lost a piece of the museum!

You have lost a piece of the museum!

You have lost a piece of the museum!